The journal of the American-Irish Historical Society (Vol. VIII) (2024)

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

With the hope that we have succeeded in some measure in livingup to the high standard set by our honored predecessor, ThomasHamilton Murray, in the compiling of the Journal of the AmericanIrish Historical Society, we beg to offer Volume VIII.

It is greatly to be regretted that the illness and death of Mr. Murraymade it impossible to issue a Journal for 1908, and that a breakwas necessitated in the series of interesting and ably-edited publicationsfor which he was responsible. It is hoped, therefore, thatthere will be found enough of interest in the records here submittedto compensate in some small degree for the lapse of a year in thespreading of the Society’s records before its members. The lastVolume by Mr. Murray was issued on December 31, 1907. VolumeVIII contains nothing of the records of the subsequent year exceptthe account of the annual meeting and dinner held at the ManhattanHotel, New York, January 29, 1908. This account was compiledthrough correspondence with various members who were present atthat time.

The present incumbent was appointed Acting Secretary-General ofthe Society on November 18, 1908, by the President-General toserve until the next annual meeting, January 16, 1909. At thattime he was formally elected to the office for the ensuing year.There being no data previous to this election from which to compilea chronological index for this Volume, its omission has been necessary.Full accounts of all proceedings will be found, however, andevery address delivered at any event under the auspices of the Societyis given in full, everything of the sort having been reported stenographicallyby the Society’s stenographer. Many events of director indirect interest to our members have also been touched upon.

The Society is at the present time in a most prosperous condition.Its financial status is satisfactory, and its membership is steadily increasing,already numbering men of national and international prominence.Its influence is rapidly becoming national, and the accomplishmentof its great primary object, “To Make Better Known theIrish Chapter in American History,” seems assured.

Providence, R. I., April 1, 1909.

Preamble.

Believing that the part taken in the settlement, foundation andupbuilding of these United States by the Irish race has never receivedproper recognition from historians, and inspired by love forthe republic, a pride in our blood and forefathers and a desire forhistoric truth, this Society has met and organized.

Its mission is to give a plain recital of facts, to correct errors, tosupply omissions, to allay passion, to shame prejudice and to laborfor right and truth.

While we as loyal citizens of this republic are earnestly interestedin all the various phases of its history, we feel that we should befalse to its honor and greatness and recreant to our own blood ifwe did not make a serious effort to leave to those generations whichwill follow us a clearer and better knowledge of the important workdone by men and women of the Irish race on this continent.

People of this race—men and women born on Irish soil—havebeen here from the first, prompted in their flight by the motives commonto all immigration, dissatisfaction with the old order of thingsand the resolve to obtain a freer and better life in the new landunder new conditions.

And so we have come together—natives of Ireland, Americansons of Irish immigrants, and descendants of immigrants even untothe seventh, eighth and ninth American generations—to duly setforth and perpetuate a knowledge of these things.

In the days to come that lie in the womb of the future, when allthe various elements that have gone and are going to make the republicgreat are united in the American—the man who in his personwill represent the bravest elements of all the old races of the earth—wedesire that the deeds and accomplishment of our element shall6be written in the book of the new race, telling what we did and nomore, giving us our rightful place by the side of the others.

To accomplish this is the purpose of this organization. It is awork worthy of the sympathy and aid of every American who canrise above the environment of today and look into the broad future.Fidelity, truth, honor are the watchwords of such a purpose, andunder their noble influences should our work be done.

ARTICLE II.
Objects and Purposes.

The objects and purposes of this Society are:

(1) The study of American history generally.

(2) To investigate, especially, the immigration of the peopleof Ireland to this country, determine its numbers, examine thesources, learn the places of its settlement, and estimate its influenceon contemporary events in war, legislation, religion, education andother departments of human activity.

(3) To examine records of every character, wherever found,calculated to throw light on the work of the Irish element in thisbroad land.

(4) To endeavor to correct erroneous, distorted and false viewsof history, where they are known, and to substitute therefor the truthof history, based on documentary evidence and the best and mostreasonable tradition, in relation to the Irish race in America.

(5) To encourage and assist the formation of local societies inAmerican cities and towns for the work of the parent society.

(6) To promote and foster an honorable and national spiritof patriotism, which will know no lines of division, which will bebased upon loyalty to the laws, institutions and spirit of the republicto whose upbuilding the Irish element has unselfishly contributed inblood and treasure, a patriotism whose simple watchwords will betrue Americanism and human freedom and which has no concernfor any man’s race, color or creed, measuring him only by his conduct,effort and achievement.

(7) To promote by union in a common high purpose a sincerefraternity, a greater emulation in well doing, a closer confidence andmutual respect among the various elements of the Irish race inAmerica, that by putting behind them the asperities of the past they7may unite in a common brotherhood with their fellow citizens forthe honor of the race and the glory of the republic.

(8) To place the result of its historical investigations and researchesin acceptable literary form; to print, publish and distributeits documents to libraries, institutions of learning, and among itsmembers, in order that the widest dissemination of historical truthmay be obtained and placed within the reach of historians and otherwriters and readers.

(9) To sift and discriminate every paper, sketch, document bearingon the Society’s line of work before the same is accepted andgiven official sanction in order that its publication may be a guaranteeof historical accuracy; to do its work without passion or prejudice,to view accomplished facts in the true scientific historical spiritand having reached the truth to give it to the world.

ARTICLE III.
Membership.

Any person of good moral character who is interested in thespecial work of this Society shall be deemed eligible for membershipin the same. No tests other than that of character and devotionto the Society’s objects shall be applied to membership.

Every applicant for membership shall be recommended by twomembers of the Society before his application shall be considered bythe Secretary-General, and the application shall be accompanied bythe dues in the amounts laid down in the by-laws.

Members will be elected as follows: Candidates may send theirapplications—for which blanks will be furnished—to the Secretary-General,accompanied by the fee as provided in the by-laws,and each application must be endorsed by two members of the Society.The Secretary-General shall submit the application to theexecutive council, and a three fourths vote of that body by ballot orotherwise will be necessary to elect the candidate.

ARTICLE IV.
Classes of Members.

The Society shall comprise life members and annual members,who shall pay dues as provided in the by-laws. The Society mayalso choose honorary and corresponding members, who shall be exemptfrom dues but shall not have the right to vote.

The officers of the Society shall consist of:

1.

A President-General.

2.

A Vice-President for each state and territory and for the District of Columbia.

3.

A Secretary-General.

4.

A Treasurer-General.

5.

A Librarian and Archivist.

6.

An Historiographer.

7.

An Executive Council.

(The word “General” herein to be considered equivalent to National.)

The officers of the Society shall be elected annually.

ARTICLE VI.
The President-General.

The duties of the President-General shall be to open and presideover the Society during its deliberations, to see that the Constitutionis observed and the by-laws enforced, to appoint committees, andto exercise a watchful care over the interests of the Society, thatit* work may be properly done and its purposes adhered to. Inthe absence of the President-General a presiding officer pro temmay be chosen.

ARTICLE VII.
The Vice-Presidents.

It shall be the duty of the Vice-President of each state to representthe President-General at all meetings of state chapters of theSociety and for the Vice-President of the state to which the President-Generalbelongs, or in which the meeting is held, to representhim at all meetings of the parent Society when he cannot be presentand in his absence to act as chairman pro tempore. In the absenceof both the President-General and state Vice-President, a presidingofficer pro tem may be chosen from the assembled members of theSociety.

The Secretary-General shall keep a record of all the proceedingsof the Society and the executive council. He shall have chargeof the seal and records. He shall issue and sign in conjunction withthe President-General all charters granted to the subsidiary chapters,and shall with him certify to all acts of the Society. He shall,upon orders from the President-General, give due notice of time andplace of all meetings of the body; give notice to the several officersof all votes, resolutions, orders and proceedings of the body affectingthem or appertaining to their respective offices and perform suchother duties as may be assigned him.

ARTICLE IX.
The Treasurer-General.

The Treasurer-General shall collect and receive all dues, fundsand securities and deposit the same to the credit of the AmericanIrish Historical Society, in such banking institution as may be approvedby the Executive Council. This money shall be drawn tothe check of the Treasurer-General for the purposes of the Societyand to pay such sums as may be ordered by the Executive Councilof the Society in meeting, said orders to be countersigned by thePresident-General and Secretary-General. He must keep a fulland accurate account of all receipts and disbursem*nts and at eachannual meeting shall render the same to the Society, when a committeeshall be appointed by the President-General to audit his accounts.He shall present at annual or special meetings a list ofmembers in arrears.

ARTICLE X.
The Librarian and Archivist.

The Librarian and Archivist shall be the custodian of all publishedbooks, pamphlets, files of newspapers and similar propertyof the Society. He shall have charge of all documents, manuscriptsand other productions not assigned by this Constitution to otherofficers of the Society, and shall keep the same in a place or placeseasy of access and safe from loss by fire or other causes.

The Historiographer or official historian of the Society shall performthe duties usually pertaining to that office.

ARTICLE XII.
The Executive Council.

The Executive Council shall consist of the President-General,Secretary-General, Treasurer-General, Librarian and Archivist, Historiographerand ten members, all to be elected by the Society.The Executive Council shall be the judge of the qualifications of applicantsfor admission and if satisfactory shall elect the same. TheCouncil shall recommend plans for promoting the objects of the Society,digest and prepare business, authorize the disbursem*nt andexpenditure of unappropriated money in the treasury for the currentexpenses of the Society; shall prepare and edit—or cause to beprepared and edited—contributions of an historical or literary characterbearing on the special work of the Society for publicationand distribution; may appropriate funds for the expenses of specialbranches of research for historical data and for the purchase ofworks to form a library for the Society whenever it shall have apermanent home or headquarters. The Council shall have power tofill vacancies in office until the annual meeting, exercise a supervisorycare over the affairs of the Society and perform such otherduties as may be intrusted to them. At a meeting of the ExecutiveCouncil five members shall constitute a quorum.

ARTICLE XIII.
Meetings.

The annual meeting of this Society shall be held on the thirdWednesday in January. A field day of the body shall be held duringthe summer of each year at such time and place as the ExecutiveCouncil shall select, due regard being given to the convenienceof the greatest number, and, as far as possible, the meeting place selectedshall be one whose historical associations are of interest toAmerican citizens.

11The annual meeting shall be for the purpose of electing officers,hearing reports and transacting such other business as may comeproperly before it. Until otherwise ordered such meeting shall beheld in the city of Boston, Mass. There shall be four stated meetingseach year.

Special meetings may be called at any time by the ExecutiveCouncil.

ARTICLE XIV.
Subsidiary Societies.

Chapters of the parent Society may be established in any cityor town in the United States upon the petition of ten persons fora charter, and such charter shall be issued upon payment of thesum designated for such in the by-laws.

The President, Secretary, Treasurer, Librarian and Historiographerof all subsidiary societies shall be admitted to all meetingsof the parent Society as members during their term of office, with allthe privileges of membership except that of voting.

ARTICLE XV.
Amendments.

Amendments to the Constitution shall be submitted to the ExecutiveCouncil through the Secretary-General at least thirty days beforethe meeting of the Society. A vote of two thirds of the memberspresent at the meeting shall be necessary for the adoption ofsuch amendments.

BY-LAWS.

(1) The initiation fee shall be three dollars. The annual membershipfee shall be three dollars, payable not later than the firstday of February in each year.[1]

1. Amended so that annual membership fee is now $5.

(2) Payment of fifty dollars in advance at one time shall constitutea life membership. Life members shall be exempt from furtherdues.

(3) The Executive Council shall provide for each regular meetingof the Society an address, essay or paper dealing with sometopic in the Society’s line of work.

12(4) A copy of all original productions read before the Societyshall be requested for deposit in the Society’s archives.

(5) The annual field-day program shall include an oration, poemand dinner. Other features of an appropriate nature may be added.

(6) A fraternal spirit shall be cultivated with other Americanhistorical bodies. The Society shall also keep in touch with historicalorganizations in Ireland, France and other countries.

(7) Any person elected to membership in this Society who failsto pay his initiation fee within one year from the date of his electionshall, having been duly notified by the Secretary-General, beconsidered as having forfeited his right to membership and hiselection shall be cancelled.

(8) A member neglecting for two years to pay his annual feeshall be notified of such omission by the Secretary-General. Stillneglecting for three months to pay the dues such delinquent membershall be dropped as no longer belonging to the Society.

(9) The stated meetings of the Society shall be held in January,April, July and October. The President-General, upon receiving arequest in writing, signed by ten members, asking for a specialmeeting, shall cause the said meeting to be convened forthwith.

(10) Ten members shall constitute a quorum at any meeting ofthe Society, except stated meetings, when fifteen members shall benecessary.

(11) The general order of business at meetings of the Societyshall be as follows:

(a)

Minutes of previous meeting.

(b)

Report of Executive Council on candidates for membership.

(c)

Balloting on candidates for membership.

(d)

Reports of officers and committees.

(e)

Unfinished business.

(f)

New business.

(g)

Adjournment.

(12) When not otherwise provided, Cushing’s Manual shall bethe authority on points of procedure at meetings of the Society.

(13) No part of these by-laws shall be amended, altered or repealedunless proposition is submitted in writing covering the proposedamendment at least thirty days before the meeting when it isto be acted upon, when, if two thirds of the members present andvoting express themselves in favor of the change, the same shall bemade.

13It has been deemed necessary that a revision of the above be madein order to make them conform to the present needs of the Society,and a committee consisting of Michael J. Jordan, Esq., Hon. PatrickJ. McCarthy, Joseph T. Ryan, Esq., John E. O’Brien, Esq.,and the Secretary-General, appointed by the President-General atWashington, D. C., January 17, 1909, has the revision in charge.

GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE AMERICAN IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

The Society was organized on January 20, 1897, in Boston, Mass.,and now has members in nearly all the states, the District ofColumbia, one territory and four foreign countries.

The object of the organization is to make better known the Irishchapter in American history.

There are two classes of members—Life and Annual. The lifemembership fee is $50 (paid once). The fee for annual membersis $5, paid yearly. In the case of new annual members, the initiationfee, $5, also pays the membership dues for the first year.

The government comprises a President-General, a Vice-President-General,a Secretary-General, a Treasurer-General, a Librarian andArchivist, a Historiographer and an Executive Council. There arealso State Vice-Presidents.

The Society has already issued several bound volumes and anumber of other publications. These have been distributed to members,public libraries, historical organizations and universities. Eachmember of the Society is entitled, free of charge, to a copy of everypublication issued from the time of his admittance. These publicationsare of great interest and value, and are more than an equivalentfor the membership fee.

The Society draws no lines of creed or politics. Being anAmerican organization in spirit and principle, it welcomes to itsranks Americans of whatever race or descent, and of whatever creed,14who take an interest in the objects for which the Society is organized.Membership application blanks will be furnished on request to theSecretary-General at his office, 49 Westminster Street, Providence,R. I., or to John J. Lenehan, Chairman of the Committee on Membership,71 Nassau Street, New York City. Blank applicationsfound at the end of this volume.

The membership includes many people of prominence and occupiesa position in the front rank of American historical organizations.

The Society is a corporation duly organized under the laws of theState of Rhode Island and is authorized to take, hold and conveyreal and personal estate to the amount of $100,000.

Gifts or bequests of money for the uses of the Society are solicited.We depend entirely on our membership fees and dues, and if we hada suitable fund on hand its income would be most advantageouslyused for historical research, printing and issuing historical works andpapers and adding to our library. The following is a form of bequestgood in any state or territory:

“I give and bequeath to the American Irish Historical Society—— dollars.”

If desired, a donor or testator may direct the application of principalor interest of his gift or bequest.

A FEW OF THE INTERESTING PAPERS READ BEFORE OR REPRINTED BY THE SOCIETY.

“Irish Settlers in Pennsylvania.”

“Early Irish in St. Louis, Missouri.”

“Patriots Bearing Irish Names Who Were Confined Aboard theJersey Prison Ship.”

“Commerce Between Ireland and Rhode Island.”

“Some Irish-French Officers in the American Revolution.”

“The Voyage of the Seaflower.”

“The Defense of Fort Stephenson on the Sandusky.”

“Irish Settlers on the Opequan.”

“Irish Pioneers in Boston and Vicinity.”

“The Irish in America.”

15“Goody Glover, an Irish Victim of the Witch Craze, Boston,Mass., 1688.”

“Capt. Daniel Neill, an Artillery Officer of the Revolution.”

“Richard Dexter, One of Boston’s Irish Pioneers.”

“The New Hampshire Kellys.”

“Some Early Celebrations of St. Patrick’s Day in New YorkCity, 1762–1788.”

“Master John Sullivan of Somersworth and Berwick and HisFamily.”

“Martin Murphy, Sr., an Irish Pioneer of California.”

“Historical Notes of Interest.”

“Irish Ability in United States.”

“The Affair at Fort William and Mary.”

“Incident of an Expedition under Gen. John Sullivan.”

“Irish Builders of White House.”

“Col. Francis Barber, a Soldier of the Revolution.”

“A Glance at Some Pioneer Irish in the South.”

“Walsh’s Irish Regiment of Marine Artillery, French Army.”

“Irish Influence in the Life of Baltimore.”

“A Bit of New York History.”

“The Kelts of Colonial Boston.”

“The Battle of New Orleans.”

“Battles of Lexington, Concord and Cambridge.”

“Matthew Watson, an Irish Settler of Barrington, R. I., 1722.”

“Irish Emigration During the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries.”

“Some Pre-Revolutionary Irishmen.”

“Some Irish Settlers in Virginia.”

“The ‘Scotch-Irish’ and ‘Anglo-Saxon’ Fallacies.”

“Early Irish Settlers in Kentucky.”

“The Irish in South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana andTennessee.”

“Hugh Cargill, a Friend of Liberty.”

“The Irish Settlers of Pelham, Mass.”

“Thomas Fawcett, Irish Quaker, American Pioneer.”

“Early New Hampshire Irish; Some Pre-Revolutionary Dennises,Corneliuses, Patricks and Michaels.”

“The United States Torpedo Boat O’Brien.”

“Daniel Morgan and the Battle of Cowpens.”

16“Irish Schoolmasters in the American Colonies, 1640–1775.”

“The Irish at Bunker Hill.”

“David Hamilton, a Soldier of the American Revolution.”

“Irish Pioneers in Texas.”

“The Irish Chapter in the History of Brown University.”

“Men of Irish Blood Who Have Attained Eminence in AmericanJournalism.”

“William Prendergast, a Pioneer of Chautauqua County, N. Y.”

“The Battle of Rhode Island.”

“Rev. James MacSparran, Irishman, Scholar, Preacher andPhilosopher, 1680–1757.”

“Irish Pioneers and Builders of Kentucky.”

“Rev. James Caldwell, a Patriot of the American Revolution.”

“Great Irishmen in New York’s History.”

“Life and Deeds of Major-General John Sullivan.”

“Irish Pioneers in New York.”

“Irish Pioneers of the West and Their Descendants.”

“Advantages of Historical Research to Irish Americans.”

PRESIDENTS-GENERAL OF THE SOCIETY.

In accordance with a vote of the Executive Council at a meeting held in Providence, R. I., the date and place of the tenth annual meeting and banquet of the Society was fixed for January 29, 1908, at Hotel Manhattan, New York City. President-General McGowan caused notice to be sent each member as follows:

THE AMERICAN IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

Dear Sir: The annual meeting and dinner of the American Irish HistoricalSociety will take place at the Hotel Manhattan, Madison Avenue andForty-Second Street, New York City, on Wednesday evening, January 29,1908.

A reception will begin at 5.00 p. m., to be followed at 6.30 p. m. by abusiness meeting. The line will be formed for dinner at 7.30 p. m.

The reception committee as designated by the Executive Council of the Societycomprises: T. P. Kelly, John F. Doyle and T. Albeus Adams of NewYork; P. F. Magrath, Binghamton, N. Y.; James L. O’Neill, Elizabeth, N.J.; John F. O’Connell, Providence, R. I.; Hon. Thomas J. Gargan, Boston,Mass.; D. H. Tierney, Waterbury, Conn.; James O’Sullivan, Lowell, Mass.;Hon. William Gorman, Philadelphia, Pa.; Hon. P. T. Barry, Chicago, Ill.;Hon. Thomas Z. Lee, Providence, R. I.; Hon. John Hannan, Ogdensburg,N. Y., and D. J. McGillicuddy, Lewiston, Me.

Tickets for the dinner are now ready at $3.50 each. They can be obtainedby addressing T. P. Kelly, Esq., chairman of the Dinner Committee,544 West Twenty-Second Street, New York City. Make checks payable tothe American Irish Historical Society, and forward to Mr. Kelly at the addressgiven.

Music will be furnished at the dinner by an orchestra and by a vocalquartet. There will be other features of an entertaining nature designed tomake the occasion one of more than ordinary interest.

Members are at liberty to invite personal guests, and a large attendance18is cordially desired. Kindly inform us as soon as possible whether you intendto be present on the twenty-ninth.

A goodly number of members responded to the notice, and thesale of tickets gave evidence that a large gathering would be present.

The Reception Committee was early in attendance and renderedmuch valuable service. It greatly assisted the Secretary-General,who was ill, in the performance of his duties, introduced the newmembers as they appeared and arranged the seatings of members forthe banquet.

At 6.30 p. m. the annual meeting was called to order by Hon.Thomas Z. Lee, in the absence of the President-General and Vice-President-General,and, upon being elected President-General protem, presided throughout the business meeting.

Treasurer-General Dooley announced through the Chairman thatthe funds of the Society were deposited in the Union Trust Company,Providence, R. I., at the time of its suspension, and that aplan for its reorganization had been suggested, but not yet adopted.The funds were therefore not available for our use and he could nottell when they would be. In order that the Society might have itsfunds subject to its disposal and not be obliged to await a more orless indefinite reorganization of the Union Trust Company, Mr.Dooley had drawn his personal cheque for the total amount of ourdetained funds and deposited same to the credit of the Society. Heasked that we give him an assignment of our money in the UnionTrust Company in order that he instead of us might do the waitingand take the chances of being repaid.

Mr. Dooley’s generous offer was most cordially accepted, and acommittee appointed by the Chairman for that purpose immediatelyexecuted the assignment of our detained funds as requested.

Upon motion of Mr. Dennis H. Tierney, a vote of thanks was extendedTreasurer-General Dooley for the transaction above mentioned,and remarks of a most complimentary nature were madeby several previous to the adoption of the vote.

19The annual report of the Secretary-General was read and it wasordered that the same be received and placed on file.

The annual report of the Treasurer-General showing receipts, disbursem*ntsand balance on hand was read, and it was ordered thatthe same be received and placed on file.

A number of new members were elected, some of whom were presentlater at the banquet.

The election of officers for the ensuing year was called for, andthe following gentlemen, having the unanimous endorsem*nt ofthe Executive Council, were by ballot duly elected to the followingoffices:

Mr. Willis B. Dowd spoke at length concerning our next annualmeeting and banquet and then moved that it be held in Washington,D. C. Mr. T. Vincent Butler seconded the motion and spokein support of Mr. Dowd’s views. The motion was unanimouslyadopted.

The new President-General, Francis J. Quinlan, having arrived,the Chairman appointed Rev. John J. McCoy, LL. D., T. VincentButler, Esq., and S. J. O’Sullivan, Esq., to wait upon the incomingPresident-General and escort him to the chair.

The Committee retired and presented Doctor Quinlan, whothanked the Society in a few well chosen words and immediatelybegan his duties.

At 7.30 p. m. the line was formed for the banquet, and a largenumber of members and guests took seats at the tables.

President-General Quinlan presided and grace was said by Rev.Dr. John J. McCoy.

Music was furnished by a male quartet and an orchestra, and22throughout the evening they led the Society in patriotic Americanand Irish songs.

The tables were handsomely decorated with plants and flowersand presented a pretty picture. During the evening a flashlightphotograph of the diners was obtained with satisfactory results.The menu was all that could be desired.

There were present:

Rev. Fr. Curtain; Michael F. Dooley, Providence, R. I.; John F.Kehoe, Newark, N. J.; Hon. P. T. Barry, Chicago, Ill.; John F.O’Connell, Providence, R. I.; Hon. Patrick Garvan, Hartford,Conn.; John J. Rooney, New York City; Hon. Joseph F. Daly,New York City; P. H. Garrity, Waterbury, Conn.; J. J. Daly,New York City; James O’Sullivan, Lowell, Mass.; Dennis H.Tierney, Waterbury, Conn.; David Healy, New York City; T. P.Kelley, New York City; Dr. M. F. Sullivan, Lawrence, Mass.;23John F. MacDonnell, Holyoke, Mass.; Joseph Geoghegan, SaltLake City; T. Vincent Butler, New York City; James L. O’Neill,Elizabeth, N. J.; William T. Cox, Elizabeth, N. J.; John F.Kenah, Elizabeth, N. J.; Hon. Patrick J. Ryan, Elizabeth, N. J.;Hon. Matthew P. Breen, New York City; Henry J. Breen, NewYork City; John Jay Joyce, New York City; Nathaniel Doyle,New York City; T. H. Murray, Boston, Mass.; Hon. Thomas Z.Lee, Providence, R. I.; J. Duncan Emmet, M. D., New York City;Stephen Farrelly, New York City; S. J. O’Sullivan, New YorkCity; Dr. Bryan DeF. Sheedy, New York City; Judge LorenzZellar, New York City; Judge James J. Walsh, New York City;Michael F. Farley, New York City; Philip Bloch, New York City;William Crowley, New York City; Roswell D. Williams, New YorkCity; M. F. Laughman, New York City; Col. Charles F. Crowley,New York City; William Cahill, New York City; Peter J. Crotty,New York City; Sidney Williams, New York City; J. A. Lyons,New York City; William H. Breen, New York City, and manyothers.

President-General Quinlan opened the proceedings, and the Rev.Dr. John J. McCoy said grace.

A most eloquent speech was delivered by Mr. Henry J. Breen,son of Hon. Matthew P. Breen, and he was followed by Hon. JohnF. O’Connell of Providence, who spoke concerning the Sullivan Memorialand the work of the Society in Rhode Island.

Rev. Dr. John J. McCoy was then introduced, and his discoursewas graceful, eloquent and learned, and a beautiful tribute to thework of the Society.

Hon. Patrick J. Ryan of Elizabeth, N. J., told in a most interestingmanner of the growth of New York and of his experiencesas a boy romping about on the present site of the hotel where thebanquet was held.

Mr. T. Vincent Butler of New York made a short speech aboutour fellow-member, President Roosevelt, and proposed a toast tohis health, which was drunk amid much enthusiasm.

Dr. M. F. Sullivan of Lawrence, Mass., gave a number of verypractical suggestions as to how the membership of the Society couldbe increased and the sphere of its work extended.

Mr. David Healy of New York spoke of the supreme importanceof the work of the Society in centering the light of organized, intelligent24and painstaking research upon Ireland’s part in the makingof American history; of her contributions to America’s greatness,and the proud place which has been honorably won by her childrenas an integral part of American life, American ideals, and Americannationality.

“One of the great disadvantages with which the Irish element inAmerican life has had to deal,” said Mr. Healy, “has been the factthat histories and school text-books, current in the English speakingworld, have been too largely the product of minds influenced andprejudiced by inherited anti-Irish animosities and pro-English traditions.

“The Irish have been considered as pre-eminently a martial racebecause of their persistent and unconquerable struggles for a scoreof generations to vindicate the principle of Irish nationality.

“It is true that the Celtic race has also been universally awardedan exalted place in the realm of poetry, oratory and song, as wellas in devotion to family and in faithfulness to principle. It remainsfor the American Irish Historical Society to show other and equallyimportant and admirable characteristics of the Irish race, and topoint to other fields wherein Irishmen have distinguished themselvesin meeting the current and pressing problems of America’s rapid andunparalleled development.

“It remains for us to realize and to show to others that not onlywas it the Irishman’s pick that brought the earth’s hidden treasuresto the surface, his shovel that made ready for the iron rail acrossthe continent, but it was Irish brain and enterprise largely that developedthe mines and constructed the steel pathway between theEast and the West, thus making a national unit qualified and competentto deal with the nations of the world.

“In the great life current of American nationality, the rich redblood of the Celt has been a dominant and fructifying tributary.

“It also remains for us to realize our shortcomings and to aimfor the highest ideals, not to be content with a leading place in theworld of military renown, financial, industrial and commercial enterprise.We should earnestly seek correspondingly high places in therealm of philanthropy, moderation and universal brotherhood.”

During the evening the Sullivan Memorial Committee having incharge the erection and dedication of a bronze memorial at the25State House in Rhode Island to Maj.-Gen. John Sullivan, made areport through Judge Lee, its chairman, showing substantial progressand an intention to dedicate the memorial some time duringthe present year.

Mr. Dennis H. Tierney made stirring remarks concerning “TheStar Spangled Banner” as a patriotic song taken as a whole, and deploredthe disposition of so many public bodies to leave out partsof it.

After remarks by other members the company dispersed, havingparticipated in one of the most entertaining and instructive banquetsever held by the Society.

26

THE SULLIVAN MEMORIAL.

An event of much historical significance to Rhode Island, andindeed to the entire country, took place under the auspices of theSociety at the Rhode Island State House on Wednesday, December16, 1908, when an impressive bronze memorial was dedicatedto the memory of Major-General John Sullivan, one of Rhode Island’sRevolutionary heroes.

The memorial, which most appropriately commemorates the servicesof General Sullivan to his race, his country and his State, isplaced in a fitting position in the broad corridor of the main entranceto the capitol. Large, beautifully designed and in every wayworthy of its mission, it immediately claims the attention of everyonewho enters the State House. It has already been the objectof favorable comment from many distinguished people, and is acknowledgedto be a credit not only to the memory of the distinguishedsoldier, but also to the Society through whose efforts itwas placed in its present position.

The exercises on the day of the unveiling were in every wayworthy of such an occasion. People of distinction in every walkof life were present, all the historical organizations of the Statewere represented by officers and members, and addresses befittingthe event were delivered by men of prominence in public life andin historical research. Col. David C. Robinson, of New York, awell-known student of history and a most eloquent speaker, was theorator of the day, and inspiring speeches were made by Dr. FrancisJ. Quinlan, of New York, President-General of the Society;Gov. James H. Higgins, of Rhode Island; Governor-elect AramJ. Pothier; ex-Governor Charles Warren Lippitt; Mayor PatrickJ. McCarthy, of Providence; and Gen. William Ames, chairmanof the State House Commission. Hon. Thomas Z. Lee, of Providence,chairman of the Sullivan Memorial Committee, presided.The exercises took place in the presence of a large gathering andone thoroughly representative of the public and social life of thecity and State.

27Following the dedicatory exercises luncheon was served at theNarragansett Hotel, the Society’s headquarters, and this also wasfollowed by a number of brief addresses from well-known RhodeIslanders and members of the Society from other States.

The proceedings at the State House began at noon, Judge Leemaking the opening address. He said:

“Honored Guests, Members of the American Irish Historical Society,Ladies and Gentlemen:

“We are assembled in the Rhode Island State House today todedicate a memorial in honor of Maj. Gen. John Sullivan whoseservice to the country and this State during the war of the Revolutionis familiar to every American, and whose career as a soldier,statesman and jurist will be eloquently depicted by those who willbe presented to you later. My remarks will be confined to a shorthistory of the American Irish Historical Society under whose auspicesthe memorial was erected, and a reference to the movementand spirit which prompted the work.

“The American Irish Historical Society was organized in Boston,January 20th, 1897. Certain gentlemen interested in historicalwork, believing that proper recognition had not always been givenby historians and others to the part taken in the settlement, foundations,upbuilding and general affairs of the United States by thoseof Irish descent, brought forth the idea of a society, national inits scope, that should be devoted to making better known the IrishChapter in American history, by giving plain recitals of facts, correctingerrors, supplying omissions, discouraging prejudice, establishingright and truth, and giving rightful place and just due tohistorical matters concerning American citizens of Irish nativity,blood or extraction. Invitations were sent out by these gentlemen,and an enthusiastic meeting took place, at which representativesfrom seventeen States were present; and the following were electedthe first officers of the Society:

“Rear Admiral Richard Worsam Meade, U. S. Navy, of Washington,President-General; Mr. Osborne Howes of Massachusetts,28Vice-President-General; Hon. John C. Linehan of New Hampshire,Treasurer-General; Thomas Hamilton Murray of Rhode Island,Secretary-General; and Thomas B. Lawler of New York,Librarian and Archivist.

“The first Executive Council consisted of the foregoing and Mr.James Jeffrey Roche of Boston, Hon. Robert Ellis Thompson ofPhiladelphia, Hon. Theodore Roosevelt of New York, Hon. EdwardA. Moseley of Washington, Mr. Augustus St. Gaudens ofNew York, Mr. Joseph Smith of Lowell, T. Russell Sullivan, adirect descendant of General Sullivan, of Boston, and Hon. MauriceF. Egan of Washington.

“The first Board of State Vice-Presidents was as follows:Maine, Mr. James Cunningham of Portland; New Hampshire, Mr.T. P. Sullivan of Concord; Vermont, Mr. Thomas W. Moloney ofRutland; Massachusetts, Mr. Osborne Howes of Boston; RhodeIsland, Mr. M. Joseph Harson of Providence; Connecticut, Mr.Joseph F. Swords of Hartford; New York, General James R.O’Beirne of New York City; New Jersey, Hon. William McAdoo,Assistant Secretary of the Navy, of Jersey City; Pennsylvania,General St. Clair A. Mulholland of Philadelphia; South Carolina,Ex-United States Senator M. C. Butler of Edgefield; Georgia,Ex-United States Senator Patrick Walsh of Atlanta; Ohio, Rev.George W. Pepper of Cleveland; Illinois, W. J. Onahan of Chicago;Michigan, Ex-Congressman Thomas A. E. Weadock of Detroit;Minnesota, Mr. Daniel W. Lawler of St. Paul; Missouri, Mr.Richard E. Kerens of St. Louis; District of Columbia, Mr. J. D.O’Connell of Washington.

“The work that the Society has undertaken is worthy of the sympathyand aid of every American who is interested in the past, presentand future of this, the greatest country on earth; and in doingits work the watchwords of the Society are Fidelity, Truth andHonor, and we feel and know what the influence and inspiration ofthese words mean.

“One of the preambles in the Constitution reads: ‘While we asloyal citizens of this Republic are earnestly interested in all the variousphases of its history, we feel that we should be false to itshonor and greatness and recreant to our own blood if we did notmake a serious effort to leave to those generations which will follow29us, a clearer and better knowledge of the important work done bymen and women of the Irish race in the United States.’

“The broad scope of our work may be comprehended from astatement of our objects and purposes:

“(1) The study of American history generally.

“(2) To investigate, especially, the immigration of the people ofIreland to this country, determine its numbers, examine the sources,learn the places of settlement; and estimate the influence on contemporaryevents in war, legislation, religion, education and other departmentsof human activity.

“(3) To examine records of every character, wherever found,calculated to throw light on the work of the Irish element in thisbroad land.

“(4) To endeavor to correct erroneous, distorted and false viewsof history, where they are known, and to substitute therefor the truthof history, based on documentary evidence, and the best and mostreasonable tradition, in relation to the Irish race in America.

“(5) To encourage and assist the formation of local societies inAmerican cities and towns for the work of the parent Society.

“(6) To promote and foster an honorable and national spirit ofpatriotism, which shall know no lines of division, which shall bebased upon loyalty to the laws, institutions and spirit of the Republicto whose upbuilding the Irish element has unselfishly contributedin blood and treasure, a patriotism whose simple watchwords shallbe ‘true Americanism’ and ‘human freedom,’ and which has noconcern for any man’s race, color or creed, measuring him only byhis conduct, effort and achievement.

“(7) To promote by union in a common high purpose, a sincerefraternity, a greater emulation in well doing, a closer confidenceand mutual respect among the various elements of the Irish racein America, that by putting behind it the asperities of the past, itmay unite in a common brotherhood with its fellows for the honorof the race and the glory of the Republic.

“(8) To compile the results of its historical investigations insuitable literary form; to print, publish and distribute its documentsamong libraries, educational institutions and its own membershipwith a view to the wide dissemination of historical truths, and in30order that such data may be placed within the reach of historiansand other writers and readers.

“(9) To discriminate every paper, sketch and document bearingon the work of the Society before the same is accepted and givenofficial sanction, in order that its publication may be a guaranteeof its historical accuracy; to do its work without passion or prejudice,to view acknowledged facts in the true scientific historicalspirit; and, having reached the truth, to give it to the world.

“Some two years ago the movement for the erection of this memorialwas started. The first suggestion came from Mr. Thomas HamiltonMurray, the late honored Secretary-General of the Society.The Rhode Island members at once manifested a deep interest,formed themselves into a committee, and, in due time, solicitedamong their number subscriptions for this memorial. These subscriptionscame in very satisfactorily, and, when we were assuredthat it was possible to erect a suitable memorial, a sub-committee ofthe general committee conferred with the Board of State HouseCommissioners, who assigned to us the most appropriate space inthe State House, beside the cases of flags carried by Rhode Islandregiments in the different wars.

“The memorial has been erected with the aid of Rhode Islandsubscriptions, with one or two exceptions. It was designed by thebrilliant young sculptor, Mr. John G. Hardy, under whose directionit was executed by the W. J. Feeley Company, of Providence.

“I now take great pleasure in behalf of the American Irish HistoricalSociety and in behalf of its committee, in presenting to theState of Rhode Island the Sullivan memorial, which Mr. Hardywill now unveil. (At this point the flags draping the memorial weredrawn aside by the sculptor.)

“And now I have the great honor to present to you a gentlemanwell-known and highly-honored by all Rhode Islanders, one whohas shown deep interest in this, as in all other worthy projects,Hon. James H. Higgins, Governor of Rhode Island.”

Governor Higgins spoke as follows:

“Ladies and Gentlemen: In behalf of the State of Rhode Island,I am not only pleased but proud indeed to accept this splendid memorial.Rhode Island has a particular interest in the career and31achievements of General Sullivan. He was delegated to the commandof the forces in Rhode Island largely through the recommendationof General Greene, the greatest soldier of all in the Revolutionnext to Washington. Through the joint recommendationsof Washington and Greene, Sullivan was placed in command of theforces in this State.

“There was perhaps no State in the Union which, in proportionto its size and population, suffered more of the hardships of thatgreat struggle than our own. Some historians have suggested thatone section of our State, Newport and the Island of Rhode Island,have never recovered from the blow dealt it through the long occupationof that section of the State by the British forces. We ofRhode Island, therefore, have a particular interest in the effortsof General Sullivan to expel the British from this State.

“We are proud, therefore, to know that the American Irish HistoricalSociety has taken this matter up and has shown such activeinterest in perpetuating the memory and the exploits of GeneralSullivan. I am sure that I can say on behalf of our united citizenshipthat the State appreciates this activity, this patriotism, on thepart of the American Irish Historical Society, and we want to sayto you, sirs, that the fruit of your interest—this memorial—will everbe preserved by our State as a remembrance of his splendid achievements,as well as of the generosity and the patriotism of the organizationwhich prompted it. May your activity, my friends, be continuedthroughout the length and breadth of the land and throughoutthe entire period of your career in the same creditable and patrioticmanner that has characterized your work concerning GeneralSullivan.

“Again, sirs, I am pleased to accept in behalf of our State thissplendid remembrance, to assure you of our profound appreciation,and to say that it shall ever remain as a memento of your patriotismand character, of the gratitude and appreciation of our good State,as an inspiration to all future generations and to all visitors to thissplendid Capitol, of the value and eternity of that thankfulnesswhich a grateful people feel for those who serve them well.

“It is now my pleasure to turn the memorial over to GeneralWilliam Ames, the Chairman of the State House Commission, inwhose trustworthy hands this monument will be placed and fromwhom I am sure it will receive the same careful and patriotic attention32that all his other duties have received in connection with themanagement of our splendid State Capitol. I am pleased, therefore,to introduce to you one of our most honored fellow citizens, GeneralWilliam Ames, who will accept in behalf of the State House Commission.”

General Ames responded as follows:

“Your Excellency, Members of the American Irish HistoricalSociety, Ladies and Gentlemen: As Chairman of the Commissionhaving in its care and keeping this beautiful State House it is myprivilege to bid you welcome here today. We are assembled, notfor an ordinary occasion, but for an extraordinary one. We are hereto inscribe upon this marble wall the name of one who was patriot,soldier and statesman, the commander who planned and fought theBattle of Rhode Island in 1778.

“General John Sullivan passed on long years ago to make hisfinal report to the great Commander of us all. Yet we have treasuredhis memory, and through the years it has grown ever dearerto the hearts of all patriotic Americans—to us of Rhode Island morethan all. And now that love has found fitting expression in thismemorial, which shall commemorate through the coming ages hispatriotism, his devotion, and his loyal services to his country.

“A State can perform no more graceful act than to make publicrecord of the deeds and accomplishments of its famous sons. Ittherefore gives me great pleasure, and I deem it a high honor, toaccept for the State House Commission the custody and care of thebeautiful memorial placed upon these walls by the American IrishHistorical Society.”

At the conclusion of General Ames’ acceptance Chairman Leeintroduced Mayor McCarthy in the following words: “The thanksof the American Irish Historical Society are due and are hereby tenderedto General Ames and to Hon. James M. Scott and Col. J. EdwardStudley, the other members of the Board of State House Commissioners,for their great courtesy to us. It was to them we firstaddressed ourselves for permission to place our memorial to GeneralSullivan in the State House, and when it was ready for itspermanent position a few weeks ago, we went to them again concerningthe dedicatory exercises. Our comfortable seating was providedfor, the freedom of this beautiful capitol extended us and an33ample force of employees placed at our disposal. We may wellbe grateful for the uniform courtesy and consideration that markedall the Commission’s dealing with our Society.

“The Secretary of our committee is a very worthy member of theSociety. As I happened to be the Chairman, it was my privilegeto sign my name over his in issuing the invitations. It is the firsttime I have ever had an opportunity of putting my name beforethat of His Honor the Mayor, and I enjoyed the opportunity.But now, after doing his work as Secretary of the committee veryfaithfully, he has tendered his resignation, which we have mostregretfully accepted, in order that he might do his duty as ChiefExecutive of the City of Providence. I have the honor to introduceto you our esteemed fellow-member, Hon. Patrick J. McCarthyof Providence, who will, I am sure, extend to us a warm welcometo the principal city of the State over the destinies of whichhe presides so ably.”

Mayor McCarthy said:

“Mr. Chairman, Fellow Members of the American Irish HistoricalSociety, Ladies and Gentlemen: I am deeply sensible of thehonor my official position and duty brings me on this occasion asMayor of Providence in greeting the representatives of The AmericanIrish Historical Society and its distinguished guests frommany states; I tender you a ‘Providence Welcome,’ and the freedomof the city.

“I thank the Society for its munificent gift of the beautifulbronze memorial, which commemorates the heroic deeds of MajorGeneral John Sullivan of the Continental Army and his servicesto his native State (New Hampshire) as citizen, legislator, juristand governor, and also to the United States as a member of Congress.

“The people of Providence thank the State House Commissionersfor allotting space for the memorial in the Capitol Building ofRhode Island; it is an appropriate place for a memento of the heroof the Battle of Rhode Island. The good deeds of men live afterthem. General Sullivan’s life was spent in the service of his stateand country. He was generously endowed by nature, with the mentaland physical qualities that are characteristic of his race, whichenabled him to perform his duty on the field, on the bench, as34chief magistrate of his State, and as a citizen, courageously andzealously with loyalty to God and country—seeking honor only inthe discharge of duty.

“The history of his life work survives him. We are assembledto honor his memory. The memorial you have this day placed inthis State House is a page in bronze, of the history of the earlystruggles of our countrymen for National Independence, equalrights, and freedom—a page which future generations will readwith inspiration to emulate the honorable career of General Sullivan.

“We honor ourselves in dedicating this monument to his memory.Providence is grateful to the Society for possession of it withinthe city, and is modestly proud of the fact that it is the productof a Providence artist and establishment.

“The dedication of permanent monuments in grateful recognitionof the noble service of good men inspires others to heroic deedsand sacrifices, and perpetuates the history of such men and theirachievements.

“The American Irish Historical Society, in placing this beautifulmemorial in Rhode Island, commemorates one of the early battlesin support of the Declaration of Independence and for nationalseparation of the Colonies from Great Britain, fought by an AmericanGeneral of the Irish race, ever loyal to the cause of freedomand equality and commends the history of his life, and the historyof the Irish race in America to all men of good will.”

Chairman Lee: “A generous response to our invitations hasbeen received, nearly all our invited guests being present. We havereceived letters of regret, however, from Rev. W. H. P. Faunce,President of Brown University, Hon. Asa Bird Gardiner, Rt. Rev.Mathew Harkins and one or two others whose letters are not thismoment before me. Our fellow-member, the President of the UnitedStates, in a letter to us, tenders his regrets at being unable tobe present, and cites urgent business at home as the reason. Judgingfrom the accounts in the morning papers about his trouble withthe yellow journals, I take it he is pretty busy at this time in Washington.

“We have letters of regret from other members of the Societywho are unable to be present. I will read the names only. Rt.Rev. Philip J. Garrigan, Bishop of Sioux City; Rt. Rev. M. J.Hoban, Bishop of Scranton; Hon. W. Bourke co*ckran of New35York; John Moriarty of Waterbury, Conn.; J. B. Spillane of NewYork; M. C. O’Brien, M. D., of New York; James H. Devlin, Jr.,of Boston, Mass.; Rev. John J. McCoy, LL. D., of Worcester,Mass.; John W. Bourlet of Concord, N. H.; Rev. Gerald P.Coghlan of Philadelphia; Hon. Willis B. Dowd of New York;Richard Worsam Meade of New York; Patrick Gallagher of NewYork; Edward J. Brandon of Cambridge, Mass.; J. C. Griffin ofSkowhegan, Me.; W. P. Regan of Lawrence, Mass.; W. J. O’Haganof Charleston, S. C.; John J. Slattery of Louisville, Ky.; JohnF. Doyle of New York; P. F. McBreen of New York; John J.Keenan of Boston, Mass.; William Francis Byrnes, M. D.; Hon.J. C. Monaghan of New York; Wiliam B. Sullivan of Boston,Mass.; Hon. P. J. Ryan, Mayor-Elect of Elizabeth, N. J.; H. M.Cox, M. D., of New York; Dr. George McAleer of Worcester,Mass.; William Gilbert Davies; Charles V. Dasey of Boston, Mass.;Finley Peter Dunne of Chicago; Hon. John J. McDonough ofFall River, Mass.; Eugene Lynch of Boston, Mass.; Stephen Farrellyof New York; Mitchell McDonahue; Henry L. Joyce of NewYork; Major E. J. O’Shaughnessy of New York; Lawrence Clancyof Oswego, N. Y.; Rt. Rev. Thomas J. Conaty, Bishop of Monterey,Los Angeles, Cal.; Judge Mathew Breen of New York; Capt.James Connolly of Coronado, Cal.; Gen. A. G. Malloy of El Paso,Texas; John J. Daly of New York; Hon. Edward A. Moseley ofWashington; Judge Victor J. Dowling of New York; Rev. M. J.Cooke of Fall River and Rev. Cyrus Townsend Brady of Toledo,Ohio.

“Before presenting the orator of the day I desire to say to allmembers who have not visited the Society’s headquarters at theNarragansett Hotel that luncheon will be served there after theceremonies here; delegates of all the organizations represented in responseto our invitation are also cordially invited to join us at luncheon.The headquarters are in room 10 at the hotel, and luncheonwill be served in the main dining-room immediately upon our arrivalthere.

“The Society is fortunate in having secured for the principalspeaker today a gentleman who knows perhaps more about the lifeand works of General Sullivan than does any other in the UnitedStates; a statesman whose record is widely known, and whose voicehas been heard in discussion of historical and other matters in the36New York capitol at Albany on many occasions. The son of aformer governor of New York, he has always been identified withNew York institutions and New York laws. Through his effortsthe Legislature of that State recently appropriated $10,000 for thepurpose of erecting a suitable memorial to General Sullivan, and,while the purposes of that resolution have not yet been fulfilled,it will be but a short time before a fitting tribute is paid by the Stateof New York to the memory of Major General Sullivan. And thecredit for that tribute will be due in large part to the gentlemanI now have the honor to introduce, Col. David C. Robinson, ofElmira, N. Y.”

Colonel Robinson spoke as follows:

“Mr. Chairman, Your Excellency the Governor, Members of theAmerican Irish Historical Society, Ladies and Gentlemen: I shoulddo less than justice to the emotions of the hour if I did not, at theoutset, express my high appreciation of and my profound thanks forthe honor done me in the invitation from your Society to voice ourmutual sentiments upon so important an occasion as this. It is anhonor to be invited as a spectator to take part in such a ceremony asthis; it is a higher honor to be accounted worthy even by a few tosay a word on such an occasion; it is honor most of all that I haveyour unanimous invitation to say that which I may be able to inmemory of one of the noblest and purest characters on whom thesun of history has ever shone.

“It has been the habit of my life, my friends, to speak without anote; the professional training of many years has made it easier.I do remember many, very many things about Major General JohnSullivan and his life; I do not remember all that I should mention,for the line is long, and I am, therefore, contrary to my usualcustom, obliged to ask you to bear with me while I refresh my recollectionfrom time to time with a memorandum of some of the mostdistinguished services with which this man’s life was filled, to theend that I may impress the lesson which speaks from this memorial,which speaks from the long-drawn procession of brave and goodand kind deeds with which the life of the one whom we commemoratetoday is surrounded.

“And first, before I enter on that which I would say of this memorialand of him to whose memory it is dedicated, I want to congratulate37this Society on that which it has even in the few years ofits existence accomplished, and on the labors, increased in volumeevery year, by which it makes known the Irish chapter in Americanhistory.

“To trace that which we owe to the line of blood of which thisman was one of the most illustrious examples, is a duty which belongsto every student of American history. Let us find, if wemay, wherein lay that in which he so far exceeded most of hisfellowmen. Let us make it a lesson not alone to say that this manwas one of the greatest of American Irish or Irish Americans, butthat he illustrated a trait of character which Americans and IrishAmerican citizens all ought to follow, ought to teach their childrento follow, ought to endeavor to perpetuate in the thoughts, the work,the labors of this land.

“Now we are met principally to do honor to the memory and themerits of a brave and good man; that is our purpose; but in ouracts and words today, my friends, we do honor not only to himand to his memory, but we do honor to ourselves and our countrymen.He belongs to us and we appreciate it. The laurels whichwe lay on the graves of such as he, who periled life, limb, fortune,happiness and health that we might enjoy the blessings which areours today, are laurels piled upon our own characters, our ownqualities.

“From this beautiful tablet, so fittingly placed in honor of him,whose name in this hour fills all our hearts, the veil has just fallenin your sight. I do not envy that American who, at such a time asthis, does not feel his heart swell with patriotic pride at the thoughtof what this graven monument means to us and ours.

“A thousand recollections sparkle in the chambers of memory aswe recall the chivalry, the worth, the dauntless courage and self-denyingloyalty of him whose heart, stilled in its own earthly tenementfor more than a hundred years, yet lives and throbs and pulsesin the hearts of every lover of his land and of human liberty thewide world around; and, although appreciating to the fullest extentall that your Mayor has so well said and the Chairman soably suggested of the beauty of this memorial, I may be pardonedfor saying that no work of art, no accomplishment of high design,no costly metal, no skilful chiseling, no beautiful moulding, can38make a memorial worthy of such a man as was Major General JohnSullivan.

“For when I think of what he was and what he did, when thererises to my sight the sacrifice and effort, the combat and the sternendurance, the privation and the grief, the sorrow and the pain,which marked his labor and his life throughout the years whichspanned the rise of freedom, yea, the hope of men upon this continent,I feel sure that pen may not write, voice may not sound, norcan the chisel of art produce token worthy of his high deserving.

“I would that the task of voicing our sentiments upon this occasion,the impressions of this hour, had fallen to other and to ablerhands than mine. I wish that some peerless orator, born of thatgreat race from which he sprang, might tell us here whence camethe greatness, the nobility, the grace and loveliness which were sogloriously his, and, in telling that, might teach our children howhe came to that high state of manly quality which all the worldnow knows was his.

“But, friends of this great Society, whose well-bent efforts havedone so much to give deserving heroes the credit which was rightlytheirs, I know you will not let the awakened and quickening memoriesof this great soul for one moment hesitate in their progresstoward wider and better appreciation.

“I know that my own shortcomings will be more than complementedby your larger opportunity of bringing within the circleof his admirers every patriotic citizen of this Republic. Nay, more,I hope the day will come when every State House in the landshall hold a tablet such as this, when every schoolboy shall readlessons from his life, when every human being who seeks partnershipand title in the freedom of his kind shall, in his memory,cherish the name of Major General John Sullivan as one who deservesa niche unshadowed and a fame unscarred among the scantyarray of those great souls whom the genius of Liberty proudly callsher own.

“This is not the fulsome word of hyperbole; it is not the soundingtinkle of rhetoric or idle eulogy. It is the measured testimonyof those who have read aright the history of the great struggle forIndependence, and have found therein no light or shadow in whichthe great soul of Major General Sullivan did not sparkle with theluster of a flawless diamond. And in this hour, beneath the lofty39dome henceforth to shadow this memorial, in this free atmospherewhich seems even now to echo with the guns he fired against hiscountry’s foes, in this bright light, not purer than the soul he woreupon his sleeve, let us trace out a few of those strands of characterwhich made him what he was, and, in our speaking, draw someinspiration from a few of the many debts which Liberty and ourcommon country owe to him.

“Ah, my friends, the account is long. We find him early trainedas a lawyer, and at the age of 32 Major of the New HampshireRegiment; in the spring of 1774, a member of the Provincial Assemblyof New Hampshire; in September of the same year andin 1775, a delegate to the Continental Congress, by which he wasin June, 1775, appointed a Brigadier-General, and in 1776 a Major-General.

“Yet even while he was, at 34, only a New Hampshire Major,he had accomplished perhaps the most daring personal feat ofthe Revolution in the seizure of the powder and arms at FortWilliam and Mary in Portsmouth Harbor. Do you realize whatthat meant? Little more than a boy, anticipating, as he always anticipated,troubles to come, he dealt a crushing blow to the greatestpower on earth, a boy with a dozen companions, and he soundedin that one daring act the keynote of that grand chorus of Libertywhose majestic final chords were heard in the surrender of Cornwallisat Yorktown.

“I challenge the world to find a busier or more useful life thanhis for the five years from 1774 to 1779. No wonder, my friends,that no memorial can do justice to this. We find him on Winter’sHill at the siege of Boston, working with all the energy of a vigorousmanhood and high purpose; again at Portsmouth to adviseand assist in warding off a menaced attack from the British fleet;thence hastily ordered to New York to aid General Putnam witha powerful detachment.

“The pressing needs of the imperiled American army in Canadacaused General Washington, in the spring of 1776, to hurry himoff with six regiments to join its Commander at the earliest possiblemoment. Do you realize, my friends, what a journey to Canadawith six regiments—a hasty journey—meant in those days? YetSullivan was there, only to see the death of the Commander whomhe had been ordered to assist, from a malignant attack of smallpox;40and himself suddenly succeeded to the place of Chief Commanderof the entire expedition.

“Nothing could exceed the vigor and discretion of his work asCommander of this most difficult expedition. Washington wroteof him at this time—and I love to quote of this man who has alwaysbeen my historical ideal the words of the greatest mind inwar and peace this country has ever known—Washington wrote ofhim at this time: ‘He is active, spirited and zealously attached tothe cause. His wants are common to us all. He wants experienceto move upon a grand scale, for the limited and contracted knowledgewhich any of us have in military matters stands in very littlestead.’

“But Washington’s most competent biographer, Washington Irving,declares with emphasis and truth: ‘This want was overbalancedon the part of General Sullivan by sound judgment, someacquaintance with men and books, and an enterprising genius.’

“It is a source of profound regret to the thoughtful student ofAmerican history that General Sullivan was not left in charge towork out the problem of the Canadian expedition. True, he wasonly thirty-six years of age and had had but limited experience,but his successful combinations of a few years later leave it morethan possible that, with him as a leader, the whole of Canada mighthave been added to the United States even at that early day, andthe Revolution there terminated in half the time it finally lasted.

“This was not destined so to be, for Congress somewhat hastilydecided to commit the command of the Northern army to the mucholder but, as many of us now believe, far less competent hands ofGeneral Gates. I should not do justice to General Sullivan’s characterif I did not concede that this replacement caused him somehurt, and I might say grief, but his magnanimous and instant effortsin the very moment of his return from Canada to serve hiscountry by taking up as temporary Commander the perilous workon Long Island which General Greene had been compelled by illnessto lay down, showed the soldier, the gentleman and patriotas no less trying circ*mstances could.

“In the midst of the carnage of the disastrous battle of Long Island,Sullivan was taken prisoner. At once paroled and soon afterexchanged, we find him in December, 1776, hastening to join GeneralWashington.

41“Let me now turn from the track of this all too historical resuméto call your attention to the fact that, when Lord Howe paroledGeneral Sullivan, desirous then of accelerating and possiblyterminating the Rebellion without severance with the colonies, heselected John Sullivan as the honored representative of the BritishGovernment to convey his message to George Washington, and GeneralSullivan, under his own parole, brought from Lord Howe toGeorge Washington the propositions which Lord Howe felt hecould entrust to no more worthy hands than those of this man whowas the absolute and the untiring enemy of Great Britain. Thatis a testimonial to General Sullivan whose place no monument cantake.

“In December, 1776, he hastened to join General Washington.On the morning of the attack of Trenton, after a night of stormand cold so bitter that some of his men were frozen to death andmany of his guns were rendered wet and useless, he reported toWashington the defective condition of his muskets, as was his duty,but was ordered to advance and charge, which he did with so mucheffect that his regiment was really the first in action at the lowerend of the town.

“Next we find him, September 11th, 1777, on the disastrous butglorious field of Brandywine, every duty discharged with promptness,cool courage and sound discretion and judgment, and even inthe closing hours of that struggle his was the foremost figure inthe desperate center of the fray.

“Brandywine and its disappointing finish was scarcely over beforethe conflict at Germantown involved him with his division in anotherdesperate struggle, where an unfortunate and needless delayby General Knox and the sudden rising of a dense and impenetrablefog snatched from his hands a victory earned and well earnedby every exhibition of soldierly quality a commander could give.And even in the hour of keenest personal disappointment, balkedof a victory he had richly earned, a victory which would have sethis name ringing around the world as its chief author and cause,his thoughts were not of himself, but of the personal danger toWashington to whom he gave the lifelong devotion which only livesin the breasts of noble men.

“Without a pang or plaint of his own peril and disappointment,he writes: ‘I saw with great concern our brave Commander-inChief42exposing himself to the hottest fire of the enemy in such amanner that regard for my country obliged me to ride to him andbeg him to retire.’ And in the longer account of which these wordsare a part, my friends, not a suggestion can be found or guessedof the added peril which the writer himself freely braved in the effortsto remove his Chief from danger.

“This hasty and inadequate resumé of his service in the first twoyears of the Revolution brings us to the great military operation ofwhich he was the chief and on which will always rest much of hisfame—the investment of Rhode Island and the series of movementsof which the State and coast of Rhode Island formed the picturesquetheater.

“The enterprise was a favorite one with Washington, who hoped,indeed, that it would emphasize the French alliance at the outsetby an overwhelming and successful effect of an attack on theBritish army almost within the sound of our voices. Its successwas very dear to Washington’s heart, and for it he chose three officersperhaps more closely in his confidence and affection than anyothers in the Revolutionary Army. Sullivan was in chief command,with Greene and Lafayette as equal subordinate assistants, each havinga division comprising as nearly as possible half of the army.

“The plan of operations had been agreed upon between Washingtonand the French Commander, and the conflict was laid out to be,as it should have been, the first great effort of the allied Frenchand American forces against the British army of invasion.

“I am speaking to an audience whose youngest members shouldand probably do know more of the details of these military movementsthan I can ever hope to know.

“From first to last, down to the finest particular of necessaryprevision, General Sullivan was more than ready. All that a commandercould do to insure success, he had accomplished so well thatthe only criticism made of his actions was that he had seized theBritish works opposite the north end of the island one day aheadof time. At this, the French General who had expected a jointattack to be made the next day professed to believe his notions ofmilitary etiquette had been shocked, but, as no harm resulted and adistinct gain in time had been effected, he had small foundationfor his complaint, which was soon practically abandoned.

“There had been an excellent opportunity to make the joint undertaking43a magnificent success. If, as is now apparent, the attackhad been made in the latter part of July as it might easily have beenin view of Sullivan’s perfect preparations and the presence of theFrench fleet, it is probable that the war would have reached a completeand glorious close almost within sight of the ground uponwhich we stand today. Postponed as it was from day to day untilAugust 10th, the British were given time to reinforce their fleet,hasten it to Newport, and there engage the French fleet in dilatorymanœuvering which used up days of precious time and completelydissipated all hope of substantial assistance from the French warships.The expected, or that which should have been expected bythe naval commanders, soon happened; many of us who have spentmuch time around here would have expected it to happen.

“About the twentieth of August, one of those storms for which theregion of Point Judith is famous, set in with almost unexampledfury. Land and water forces were alike put out of condition foroffensive or defensive operations. The French fleet limped away toBoston to refit, and Sullivan, deeply chagrined at the utter failureof his naval auxiliaries to render any assistance, set to work to protecthis army and extricate it from a position made perilous by thedeparture of its entire marine support and the consequent desertionof most of his militia.

“The story of his great achievement in retiring his entire force inthe face of a vastly superior English army, of the masterly retreatcovered by his most skilfully selected position at Butts Hill, as Ibelieve it is called—as to its proper name, I shall not attempt tocorrect a Rhode Island audience—a retreat effected finally so completelythat not a man was left behind and not a single article lost,while, in the course of that retreat, signal and marked punishmentwas inflicted upon the British army, will ever read like a romanceof model leadership, and, if General John Sullivan had no othermemory, my friends, than of what he did within a radius of sixtymiles of this Capitol, his fame could be no less great and no lessenduring than it is, and, what is more, would be richly deserved.

“Thus briefly, as becomes my scanty time, I have sketched the workof John Sullivan to the close of 1778. I have not made the motiveof my story clear if it has not already appeared that this man wasgreater in the hour of undeserved disappointment than most menin the exaltation of victory. Again and again, the fruits of deserved44and brilliant success were held to his lips, only to be dashed awayby the folly of the foibles of some weaker spirit necessarily entangledin his plans. Yet never for an instant did he yield to the despairand mortification which would have sunk less noble souls.Each disappointment seemed to but nerve him to stronger and morebrilliant efforts. And herein, my friends, to my mind, is illustratedand should be made prominent one grand characteristic which wehave taken from the noble Irish race. The patience under disappointmentwhich Major General John Sullivan illustrates, the patienceunder disappointment which again and again was manifestlythe fault of men to whom he never gave a word of rebuke or complaint,the steadfast iron determination with which he set to workinstantly to repair the ruin that some, associated in common withhim, had wrought, is the brightest leaf in the chaplet which Americahas put upon his grave.

“It is an honor to belong to that grand old race, aye, even to holdone drop of Irish blood in your veins, but, good friends all, withor without it, I am proud to testify to what Irish friendship, Irishloyalty and the matchless Irish courage can do. No man ever knewas I have known what Irish friendship is, no man ever knew as Ihave known what Irish hospitality is, no man ever knew as I haveknown what Irish loyalty and patience is, without bowing in humblerespect to it, whether he drew his blood from France or from Russia,from America or from England, each one of which owes Ireland ameasureless debt. And all who love truth in history and gratitudefor priceless gifts received, will urge your Society onward every dayand hour you labor in the work you have so well begun till everyheroic son of this great line who has helped to build the fabric ofAmerican liberty shall have his rightful place in history and thelaurels he has fairly won.

“I have now come to that which, in justice to Major GeneralJohn Sullivan, I think should be related. I shall ask you to turnfrom the beautiful State in which you live to that far off region ofbeauty in which I have the honor to hold my home. In 1778 occurredin Wyoming that awful massacre whose horrors yet ring inthe history of our country and in the hearts of the descendants ofthose who lost part of their families, who lost limb, who losthealth, who were maimed, in that most horrible of savage invasions.Early in 1779 Congress, representing a country which had been45shocked to the limit by those terrible outrages, passed a resolution ofunlimited vigor, calling upon Washington to arrange for their punishment.It was suggested at first to Washington that GeneralGates should have the command, but Washington, whose knowledgeof Indian warfare was complete, wanted General Sullivan, and tothat officer was entrusted the conduct of that great fight.

“In the history of Indian warfare in this country there is nothingmore successful, more thoroughly creditable to the commanding officer,than the history of what General John Sullivan and his commanddid in the then wilderness reaching from Wyoming to theGenesee; and today, think of him what you may, build to him tabletsas beautiful as this, recall his manifestly skilful work in theState where you stand, and you cannot accord to him one half theveneration and the love which the citizens of the counties around me,now a million in number, feel towards General John Sullivan forthe work which opened up that magnificent line of valleys unequalledin their fertility, and whose line of bordering hills to this day, onehundred and thirty years after, is resounding with thanksgiving andpraise for what General John Sullivan did there.

“Every morning when I look out of my window in the far distanceI can see in the battlefield which decided the ownership ofthat region a tall and stately monument built by private subscriptionto General Sullivan, to commemorate his work on that bloody day,and just below it stands a magnificent marker of granite, placedthere by the Sons of the American Revolution to mark the very centerof the conflict which took those valleys away from the possessionof the Indians and turned them over to civilization and happy andpeaceful occupation; and those who know the iron will and determinedcharacter of John Sullivan know, as we do, that when hegot through with the Indians and their worthless white associatesthey had no more thirst for blood. Sullivan served notice on themand carried it out that if there was any more blood shed in thatpart of the country the Indians would furnish the blood.

“So perhaps, in an humble way, I have alluded to that feature ofSullivans’ life—his closing campaign, which identifies him withNorthern Pennsylvania and Central New York.

“With the close of the campaign of 1779, which may be said tohave terminated his military career, General Sullivan resigned hiscommission and retired from the army. The constant strain of five46years almost constantly in active and perilous service had wrecked aconstitution never of the strongest, and he felt he had given all ofhis life and strength to the cause of Independence.

“His resignation was accepted with profound regret, although itwas universally felt that the reasons for his retirement were imperative.Although he lived for fifteen years after his resignation, hishealth was not robust and he died in 1795 at the early age of fifty-four,universally admired and lamented. He had, however, nosooner left the army than his brilliant legal and forensic talent wasseized upon, for such services to the country as his health wouldpermit, in the legislative halls of the nation, the executive chair ofhis own State, and later upon the Federal Bench.

“In 1780–1781 he was a delegate to Congress. In 1782 he was appointedthe Attorney-General of New Hampshire and was re-appointedto that office on the adoption of the new constitution of thatState in 1784.

“In 1786–1787 he was President and Chief Magistrate of the Stateof New Hampshire, an office equivalent to that of Governor at thepresent time.

“In 1788 he was speaker of the House of Representatives of NewHampshire and President of the Convention that ratified the Constitutionof the United States.

“In 1789 he was a presidential elector and voted for GeneralWashington for President of the United States, and in March of thesame year he was elected Chief Magistrate of the State for the thirdtime.

“Later in 1789 he was appointed by Washington, his affectionatefriend and admirer during his whole life, as Judge of the UnitedStates District Court of New Hampshire, an office which he heldwith honor to himself and the Judiciary until his death in January,1795.

“I have thus briefly sketched the outline of a life which deservesan autobiography perfect in every detail and of the highest grade.History shows this man in more varied and brilliant lines than almostany character in Revolutionary annals. Consider him, myfriends, as a young lawyer, prompt, keen, resourceful and competent,and you have a model of early professional life. Mark him asan active officer of the line, reckless of danger, ready to dare allthat could be dared, willing to do all that he had dared. Mark himagain as a commanding general, reliable, faithful, prudent anddauntless, unswerved by passion, unstained by chagrin, unmarred byenvy and uninfluenced by clamor, steady and well-poised in the hourof peril or in a moment of undeserved injustice. Consider himagain, my friends, when after years of fierce combat he is chosen forthe command of such an expedition as I have indicated, which needsgreat skill in combination and with such resources in provision forthe needs of a frontier army that his success seems impossible.

47“And here let me digest for a moment words which, in my ownhearing, fell from the lips of the distinguished General Slocum,speaking of General Sullivan’s great Indian campaign in the presenceof General Sherman thirty years ago on the one hundreth anniversaryof the same. General Slocum said:

“‘As I have sat listening to the speeches today, I have drawn aparallel between those two expeditions. Sherman’s march was thelonger of the two, but, in many respects, he had greater advantages.While he had a great distance to travel he had roads made for himby the enemy; he had his produce brought by mule trains; whileGeneral Sullivan made his march through trackless woods and carriedhis provisions upon the backs of his soldiers. Sherman hadgood arms; General Sullivan had the old flintlock musket. Butafter all, the spirit which prompted both expeditions was the same.It was bold and daring, and, although there was no great loss of lifein either, yet the results of both were far greater than many battlesin which lives by the thousand and tens of thousands were lost.’

“And on the same occasion—it is my excuse for quotations, myfriends, that I want you to hear these words from two of the greatestGenerals we have ever known—on the same occasion, rememberingthen, as we remember today, how unjustly General Sullivan wasat one time criticised for the harshness of his treatment of the Indianson the Susquehanna expedition, remembering, too, that he sufferedthese criticisms in silence rather than to lay the blame upon hisbeloved Chief, Washington, who had given him the orders whichwere condemned, I quote from the words of General Sherman,spoken also in my hearing on the same occasion:

“‘Our fathers, when they first landed upon this continent, came tofound an empire, based upon new principles, and all opposition to ithad to pass away, whether it were English or French on the north,or Indians on the west; and no one knew it better than our father,48Washington. He gave General Sullivan orders to come here andpunish the Six Nations for their cruel massacre in the valley of Wyoming,and to make it so severe that it would not occur again. Andhe did so. General Sullivan obeyed his orders like a man and like asoldier, and the result was from that time forward your peoplesettled up these beautiful valleys around here, and look at their descendantshere, a million almost. If it had not been for General Sullivanand the men who followed him from Easton, and Clinton’sforces that came across from Albany, probably some of you wouldnot have been here today.’

“I still read: ‘Battles are not measured by their death roll, butby their results, and it makes no difference whether one man waskilled or five hundred if the same result follows. This valley wasopened to civilization. It came on the heels of General Sullivan’sarmy, and has gone on and gone on until today. The same battle israging upon the Yellow Stone. The same men endowed by thesame feelings that General Sullivan’s army had today are contendingwith the same causes and the same races two thousand miles westof here, not for the purpose of killing, not for the purpose of sheddingblood, not for the purpose of doing wrong at all, but to preparethe way for that civilization which must go along wherever yonderflag floats.’

“It might be thought perhaps, my friends, that this rehearsal ofthe opinions of General Sherman and General Slocum, two of thegreatest military leaders of our country, might have been more properlyused here than on the dedication of a tablet somewhat, in itsscope as a memorial, limited to your own State, but it has been mypurpose, my friends, to illustrate General Sullivan as one of the mostadmirable representatives of his race; and when I have set before youa parallel drawn in the presence of General Sherman himself betweenthe difficulties and the success of Sullivan’s march from Wyoming tothe Genesee and Sherman’s own march to the sea, and have givenyou the opinions of both General Sherman and General Slocum, Ihave illustrated my proposition that of all the debts which Americaowes to Ireland, God bless her, General John Sullivan, in his variedtalents, in that which he accomplished, in every spot and place inwhich we put him, is entitled to rank with the noblest and purestcontribution which we, in America, have from the grand old Irishrace.

49“My friends, my words are in substance ended. I have detainedyou longer than I meant to, but they who live around me couldhave told you that you have only to mention the name and memory ofMajor-General John Sullivan to set going any thoughtful studentof American history who lives in the magnificent valleys of the Susquehanna,the Wyoming, and the Genesee. What we owe to thisman we can never repay.

“I am proud and happy to have been allowed to participate in theunveiling of such a tribute as this. As I said at the outset, I hopethe day will come when every State House in this land will have one,and yet, when I think of what he was and what we owe him, I feelthat no monument can make him greater than he is in the affectionsof our people a hundred and thirty years after his death. And yetI am proud for our own sake, for the uplifting of our own people,that we have thus recognized that which we know of his worth. Imight have spoken in his behalf with truth the words of the greatRoman: ‘Exegi monumentum aere perennius’—‘I have builded amonument more enduring than brass.’”

Former Governor Lippitt was the next speaker, introduced by theChairman as follows: “One of our invited guests, representing theSociety of the Cincinnati, is obliged to go to a neighboring city withinthe next hour to deliver an address, and we will not have the pleasureof his company at our luncheon or the benefit of any words fromhim afterwards. I will therefore introduce him at once.

“As General Sullivan was one of the original members of the Societyof the Cincinnati, it is singularly fitting that we call on an honoredRhode Islander, whose father as well as himself has served thestate as Governor, and whose devotion to the history and affairs ofthe commonwealth has given him a well deserved position as an authorityon his subject.

“It gives me great pleasure to introduce Hon. Charles WarrenLippitt, ex-Governor of Rhode Island.”

“Mr. Chairman, Members of the American Irish Historical Society,Ladies and Gentlemen: I feel surprised at finding myself somewhatunexpectedly in this position, but will try to aid in honoring thisoccasion.

“Veneration for General Sullivan, for his services on the Islandof Rhode Island, and for his noble victory, has always been mine.That he was of Irish extraction, and that his ancestors, like those50of all the rest of us who are not descended from Indians, emigratedfrom a home land to this new country in the western hemisphere, iswell known. My descent is from the English, with a strain of theFrench and the German races rather than from the Irish. No onein any way familiar with American history can hesitate an instantin according to the Hibernians the honor of many noble actions andthe respect due to sacrifice of untold value, in every emergency of ourcommon country.

“General Sullivan came of a sturdy race. His father was bornduring the siege of Limerick, away back in 1691, of such good stockthat he outlived the century and did not pass away until 1796, at theage of one hundred and five. It was his son that gave so much of hislife and energy, his intelligence and ability, to the cause of Americanfreedom. That he served with distinction in the Continental Armygoes without question. That he was at Trenton the night beforeChristmas and aided in the defeat and capture of that hated Hessiancontingent that had been marauding up and down New Jersey isalso an established fact. It is equally true that with the three RhodeIsland regiments, forming a material part of Washington’s army,he braved the elements in that historic night march from Trenton toPrinceton, fought the next morning in the battle of Princeton, andsuccessfully assisted in driving Cornwallis out of New Jersey. Itwas the crisis of the Revolution. In that time of stress and doubtJohn Sullivan, the descendant of an Irishman, like so many others ofhis race, stood shoulder to shoulder with the descendants of the Englishand the French in securing for us and the millions that have inhabitedthis land the priceless privileges of liberty.

“His course in the Genesee Valley and the very proper punishmenthe administered to the savages who committed the horrible massacreat Wyoming has been eloquently traced. His campaign in RhodeIsland has, perhaps, been studied in rather more detail in this neighborhoodthan in other parts of the country.

“History records and practically every American schoolboy can tellhow the Americans fought at the battle of Bunker Hill. Whereverthe Revolution is known there is an intimate knowledge of that greatconflict. We all of us glory in its story, and remember with gratitudeand sympathy the bravery of those untrained patriots who administeredsuch a fearful blow to British power and prestige.

“Compare for a moment the battle on Rhode Island and the results51secured by Sullivan’s generalship with the circ*mstances andthe issue on that hill near Boston. The loss of the English at BunkerHill was 1,054 men, that of the Americans 449. Until the Britishentered the redoubt, the Americans fought behind entrenchments.In the third attack the British captured the redoubt, drove theAmericans from the hill, and retained undisputed control of the battlefield.

“In the campaign on Rhode Island the inability of the French tocontrol the sea obliged the Americans to retire to Butts Hill. Inthe valley separating it from Quaker, Turkey and Anthony hills,immediately south, a battle was fought, not behind entrenchments,but in the broad open, where each army had equal advantages andsuccess was won by brilliant tactics and skill and spirit in usingweapons. In the retreat and in the battle between the nearby RhodeIsland hills, the English lost 1,023 and the Americans 211. Afterrepulsing two vigorously and pertinaciously pressed charges of theEnglish army, the Americans were obliged in the early afternoon toface a last violent onset that almost broke the right wing of Sullivan’sarmy under the immediate command of General Greene. Jackson’sregiment connected with Colonel Livingston’s detachment, thathad contested during the early morning the British advance up theisland, after a needed rest on the north side of Butts hill weremarched around the rear of the army, by Sullivan’s direction, to theextreme right of General Greene’s command. The British and Hessianscharged down the slope of Anthony hill and were met in thevalley by Greene’s somewhat exhausted forces. It was the finalstruggle for victory. At this critical moment Colonel Livingston ledJackson’s regiment, using the cold steel, in a fierce onslaught againstthe enemy’s flank that gave the British the final blow and sent themscurrying up the slope of Anthony hill to their entrenchments on thetop. The Americans, closely following the flying foe, capturedBrady’s battery as an evidence of their victory.

“The Americans maintained absolute control of the battlefield.Colonel Campbell of the Twenty-Second British Regiment sent toGeneral Sullivan the day after the battle and asked permission tosearch among the dead for the body of his nephew, who had beenkilled the day before by his side, but whose body he could not removethey were so closely pursued.

“The Battle of Rhode Island was a gratifying success for the52Americans. Victory was due to the skill, the intelligence, the courageand the audacity of General Sullivan, and to his brave officersand men. Lafayette characterized it as ‘the best fought action of thewar,’ and the statement accords the highest compliment to the militaryskill of General John Sullivan.

“It is a great pleasure to participate with so many friends in expressingour high appreciation of the services of Sullivan that havebeen so adequately and happily recognized by the American IrishHistorical Society. It is an intense gratification to contemplate thesuccess of these ceremonies and to sincerely join in congratulationand in commendation of efforts that have resulted in adorning thisnoble State House with this beautiful, substantial and enduring tabletto our heroic dead.”

President-General Quinlan of the Society was then introduced bythe Chairman, as follows: “I have the pleasure now to call uponthe President-General of the American Irish Historical Society, underwhose careful and enthusiastic administration it has been possibleto erect and dedicate this tablet. There never has been a time whenhis efforts, his energy, and all his powers were not at our disposal.There never has been a time when we have called on him for anythingsince the memorial has been under way that he has not promptly andvigorously responded. I have the great honor of introducing toyou, ladies and gentlemen, our President-General, Francis J. Quinlan,M. D., L. L. D., of New York City.”

President-General Quinlan said:

“Mr. Chairman, your Excellency, Mr. Mayor, Ladies and Gentlemen:Before I attempt to say a few words in honor of the auspiciousevent of this day, I will take occasion to render the tribute ofmy personal thanks and of the collective thanks of our Society tothe distinguished assemblage gathered here to do honor to our illustrioushero by the loyal support of their presence.

“I take occasion, first of all, to thank the Ex-Governors, the presentGovernor, the Governor-elect, and the Department of the G. A. R.,an association that to me is representative of the rarest and choicesttexture of the loom of American Independence. (I would ratherwear their button than be decorated by one hundred kings.) Tothose who represent the Society of Colonial Wars I extend my heartfeltthanks for their presence. To the Daughters of the American53Revolution and to the distinguished Sons, as well as to the Sons ofVeterans and also the illustrious Society whose early achievements inthis country need no word of commendation from me,—the Societyof the Cincinnati,—to them and to their representatives I extend mythanks and my greetings. To the Rhode Island Citizens’ HistoricalAssociation I also offer welcome. To those who are associatedwith none, but whose attendance is due to their interest in these exercises,I am thankful for their presence here today.

“Now, ladies and gentlemen, you have heard the stirring notes ofwelcome that have rung out in this beautiful building, the tributesthat have been paid by those gentlemen, one of them with a line ofnine generations of pure and unsullied English blood. What furthertribute do we need, what other ratification or emphasis do werequire than that which comes from one whose nation held us in subjugation,with its heel of tyranny upon our neck, for seven hundredyears, when this offspring, eager to forget past enmities, franklytells us in tones of eloquence that the Irish have been and always willremain loyal and true and constant and devoted to every cause theyespouse! We need but little further argument to justify our existence,but it behooves me, on an occasion of this kind, not apologetically,but in bold words, to explain the purpose of the AmericanIrish Historical Society.

“It has been truly said by the Chairman of this meeting that thisSociety was born in the City of Boston in the year 1897, for the studyof American history generally, as well as to trace the immigration ofthe people of Ireland to this country, to correct erroneous and distortedviews of history in relation to the Irish people in America, andto encourage and promote the formation of local associations inAmerican cities and towns as aids in the work of the parent Society.These purposes have been so enlarged upon by the Chairman thatthey need no word of encouragement from me.

“You know that the tide of immigration turned to this countryin the last century. Irish people haven’t always been immigrants.Nine hundred years before Columbus set sail from Palos, Spain, abishop of the old faith named Brendan left his home in Galway,sailed over the sea, visited Iceland and Greenland, and there aretoday evidences of this man’s presence in Delaware and Virginia—ninehundred years before Columbus set foot on this continent. Evenin the very crew which made up the contingent in Columbus’ navy54which manned the three ships there was one to whom, when Columbusleft, he gave the custody of one of those ships, and this man’srecord proves he was an Irishman, William Ayer of Galway. Wehave historical facts; they cannot be gainsaid; they stand out in bas-relieftoday; the story is plain and intelligent men accept it.

“Immigration! Do you know that as the years have gone by theyhave witnessed immigration from many lands? Germany has furnishedus with some of the best bone and sinew of its country. England,through her unwise laws, through her erring principles of justice,exacted from the Irish people something that they would notgive—taxation without representation, and surrender of civic and religiousliberty. Deprived of everything that men in common holddear, deprived of education, of religious worship, they were drivenfrom the shores of Ireland and found the arms of Columbia extendedand ready to receive them as children. We came here, and we thankEngland for sending us here. If it hadn’t been for the conditionsof a hundred and fifty years ago, we might be toiling there today. Itis a wise Providence that directs and overrules conditions. We came,and this asylum was beautiful, the flag of freedom and union wavedfor us, everything was lovely compared with what we had left behind.Friends and kindred, religion and society grew up within our own experiences.The warm heart of the Irishman broadened; he grew,and when the country rang out the alarm, when the country announcedthat it was menaced with danger, in that Irish boy’s earsrang the traditions and the wrongs of ages. He buckled on hisbelt; he took down the flintlock from the wall; he marched forwardanywhere, everywhere, under the command of Washington and Sullivan,—Washington,the ideal, and Sullivan, the son of an Irishexile. These were the traits exhibited.

“‘Theirs not to reason why—not to make reply—but to do anddie.’ These men made it possible for you and for me to live to enjoythe conditions of today, to be here in this temple of local pride.

“I am reminded of the story so beautifully told in Roman historyof the mother who once paid a visit to a wealthy matron of that gloriousrepublic so many centuries ago. After dinner the matron said,‘Now I must show you my beautiful jewels.’ They were carefullyguarded, but she displayed them to the eyes of her visitor, and thenremarked, ‘You must show me your jewels when I go to your house.’In turn she called upon the mother, and stayed a little longer than55is usual, awaiting the exhibition of jewels. Finally she inquired,‘Have you forgotten to show me your jewels?’ ‘Oh, no,’ the motherreplied. ‘Come this way,’ and as she threw open a door five beautifulchildren were revealed. ‘These,’ she exclaimed, ‘are my jewels.’

“People of Rhode Island, these noble patriots and these scarredflags are your sacred jewels. Guard their memory, defend it, and,as your blood has the rich central vein of patriotism, so sacrifice allyou have to keep these jewels sacredly enshrined in your hearts forever.

“I would that Sullivan could get a day’s leave from his sacredparole. I would that he could come back to us today, that he mightobtain from the St. Gabriel of St. Peter’s Gate a day’s leave of absenceto look at these pillars and to gaze about these corridors. Wealmost hear the whisper, can almost note the footfall of a strangepresence here. It is the spirit of the Revolutionary hero that communeswith us; it is the lofty emotion that emanates from him,though unseen, and which commends our spirit of patriotism and ratifiesour act, not to him individually but to the noble band of whichhe was Captain.

“This is a great day for Rhode Island. This is a great day forAmerica, because this afternoon and tomorrow the wave of thoughtthat is ours will extend beyond us and be carried everywhere to receptiveminds. The sunlight will dash it into every possible nookand corner of the land; the rivers will take it down to the Mexicanslope; the whole country will vibrate with it. You who know thehistory of the man we honor, cherish it in your memory, and whenyou recall these exercises, congratulate yourself that in assisting atthem you have fulfilled a duty; one and all, you have paid the homageof a great and noble State.

“One moment more, my friends. I have tarried long. This pagestands out alone in the history of this Society of which I have thehonor and rare privilege of being the Executive. Ladies and gentlemen,that Society has one purpose; that purpose is written betweenthe lines of today’s event. We want to know the men who havelived, who have fought, who have bled, who have given everythingto the cause of the American people. We want to record their deedsin order that the womb of the future may bring forth a race, generationsdistant from us, that will stand up and say, ‘I, too, amIrish, although I have six generations separating me from that blood,’56a race that will cherish everything Irish and will extend the openhand of welcome to everyone who bears the hall mark of Ireland,whether his religion be Catholic or Protestant.

“We are broad, we are honest, we are liberal. We want to attackno man, but when we peruse the pages of American history, when weturn over volume after volume, chapter after chapter, page afterpage, and search paragraph after paragraph, line after line, syllableafter syllable, and see no recognition of the services of Irishmen, ourhearts bleed because the omission is culpable and not due to the factthat the historian could find no achievements to make good his lines.

“We claim our place in this Republic. We have sacrificed everythingin the world for it. We would go further tomorrow and pledgeevery security, sever ourselves from home, to protect our freedom andthese flags. The United States is ours, whether on the shores of California,Maine, Texas, or Washington. There is one freedom, onebrotherhood of man.

“I could detain you longer, friends, but the time allotted me forbids.I have lingered longer than I should, but I know of no sentimentwith which I might more fittingly conclude than that of oneof your great New England worthies, the man who is enshrined inthe sanctuary of your hearts, John Boyle O’Reilly. He says, in hisown peculiar but grand way:

At the conclusion of Doctor Quinlan’s address the Chairman declaredthe ceremonies of dedication over, thanking all those presentfor their attendance.

The several organizations were represented at the dedication asfollows: Society of the Cincinnati, Ex-Governor Charles WarrenLippitt, Ex-Governor George H. Utter, Hon. William Page Sheffield,Edward Aborn Greene, George Humphrey, Thomas A. Peirce,Rev. Daniel Goodwin; Society of Colonial Wars, Henry B. Rose,57Gen. Hunter C. White, Hon. John T. Blodgett, Prof. Wilfred H.Munro, E. A. Burlingame and George C. Nightingale; Daughters ofthe American Revolution, Miss Mary A. Greene, Mrs. Charles WarrenLippitt; Rhode Island Citizens’ Historical Association, T. W.Bicknell, H. A. Atkins, A. L. Anthony, Ellen R. Jolly, Caroline A.Weeden, Mrs. Lyons Delaney, B. L. Dennis, Francis Gallagher,Elizabeth Doyle, J. H. Foster, John R. Richmond, Elizabeth Halton,C. H. Eddy and Mrs. R. B. P. Tingley; Rhode Island HistoricalSociety, Professor Munro, Amasa M. Eaton, Robert P. Brownand Clarence S. Brigham. Among others present were: Dr. FrancisJ. Quinlan of New York, D. H. Tierney of Waterbury, Conn.,John J. Linehan, Worcester, Bernard J. Joyce of Boston, Michael J.Jordan of Boston, Edmund O’Keefe of New Bedford, John F.Hurley, Mayor, of Salem, Mass., Patrick H. Powers of Boston, JohnMorgan of New York, Augustin H. Morgan of New York, P. F. Magrathof Binghamton, N. Y., T. B. Fitzpatrick of Brookline, Mass.,Michael F. Dooley, Frederick Roy Martin, Dr. James E. Sullivan,Col. James H. McGann, Col. James C. Moran, Michael W. Norton,John F. O’Connell, Patrick Carter, M. S. Dwyer, John McManus,Barnard McCaughey, William L. Wood, both of Pawtucket; Gen.Charles R. Brayton, Col. Frank T. Sibley, Mrs. Chadwick, wife ofAdmiral F. E. Chadwick; Mrs. James Chadwick, James C. Collins,Gen. Elisha H. Rhodes, T. M. O’Reilly, Frederick H. Jackson,Rev. Austin Dowling, Col. J. Edward Studley, Mr. and Mrs. J. H.Chandler, Mary A. Darling, Benjamin L. Dennis, General TreasurerWalter A. Read, Secretary of States Charles P. Bennett, Attorney-GeneralWilliam B. Greenough, Mayor-elect Henry Fletcher,Judge Elmer J. Rathbun, John Dunn, Secretary of the State Boardof Agriculture; Hugh J. Carroll, Mr. and Mrs. Albert G. Chaffee,John F. McAlevy, Thomas E. Maloney, V. S., Fall River; BenjaminL. Dennis, Mrs. Doyle, William J. Feeley, Walter H. Barney, Dr.M. H. Sullivan of Lawrence, Mass., Dr. Michael F. Kelly of FallRiver and Frank Carter.

At the termination of the exercises at the State House the Societyand its guests proceeded to the Narragansett Hotel for luncheon.Chairman Lee acted as toastmaster, and speeches of an appropriatenature were made by the following: Gen. Charles R. Brayton, representingthe National Encampment, G. A. R.; Hon. John F. O’Connell;Prof. Wilfred H. Munro of Brown University, President of theRhode Island Historical Society; Hon. Walter H. Barney, representingthe Rhode Island Bar; Judge Livingston Scott, whose wife is adirect descendant of General Sullivan; Hon. Thomas WilliamsBicknell, President of the Rhode Island Citizens’ Historical Association;Mrs. Ellen Ryan Jolly, President of the Ladies’ Auxiliary,A. O. H.; Gen. Elisha H. Rhodes, representing the Rhode IslandG. A. R. and the Military Order of the Loyal Legion; Hon. JohnH. Hurley, Mayor of Salem, Mass.; and John G. Hardy, the sculptorwho designed and executed the memorial.

Judge Scott during his address read the following original letterto Gen. Sullivan from President Washington:

“Sir: I have the pleasure to enclose to you a commission as Judgeof the United States for the District of New Hampshire, to whichoffice I have nominated, and by and with advice and consent of theSenate, appoint you. In my nomination of persons to fill office inthe Judicial Department, I have been guided by the importance ofthe object, considering it of the first magnitude and the pillar uponwhich our political fabric must rest.

“I have endeavored to bring into the high offices of its administrationsuch characters as will give stability and dignity to our nationalGovernment; and I persuade myself that they will discover a duedesire to promote the happiness of our Country by a ready acceptanceof their several appointments. The laws which have passed relativeto your office accompany the Commission.

59The Committee having in charge the erection and dedication of thememorial were: Thomas Zanslaur Lee, Chairman; Patrick J.McCarthy, Secretary; Michael F. Dooley, Treasurer; Patrick Carter,James E. Sullivan, William P. Dempsey, James Murphy, Francis I.McCanna, William J. Feeley, Bernard McCaughey, Patrick E.Hayes, John McManus, James Moran, John F. O’Connell, JamesH. McGann, Rev. Austin Dowling, James H. Hurley, John F.McAlevy, James T. Egan.

The entire proceedings at the dedication were reported verbatimby Miss Viola Follis, the official stenographer for the Society, andhence we are able to print the excellent orations in full.

At the conclusion of the post-prandial exercises a special meetingof the Society was held at headquarters, President-General Quinlanpresiding.

A vote of thanks was tendered Col. David C. Robinson for his efficientservices in behalf of the Society.

It was voted that the thanks of the Society be extended Mr. MichaelW. Norton for the use of his automobiles and carriages totransport members and guests to and from the State House, and inspecial recognition of Mr. Norton’s kindness the President-Generalappointed him chairman of the Reception Committee to be on dutyat the White House at Washington January 16, 1909, when PresidentRoosevelt gives a reception to the Society.

The acting Secretary-General was directed to extend Colonel Robinsonthe Society’s invitation to be its guest at the Annual Dinner andPresident Roosevelt’s reception at Washington.

Following is the circular letter which was sent to members of theSociety, informing them of the plans for the dedicatory exercises:

The committee of the American Irish Historical Society having incharge the erection and dedication of the Major-General John SullivanMemorial in Rhode Island beg to announce that the dedicationwill take place in the Rhode Island State House, Wednesday, December16, 1908, at twelve o’clock noon.

The principal address will be delivered by Colonel David C. Robinson,through whose efforts an appropriation of ten thousand dollarsfor a monument to General Sullivan in the State of New Yorkwas obtained, and whose knowledge of historical events of the RevolutionaryWar is most extensive.

Delegations will be in attendance from the following organizations:Rhode Island Historical Society, Rhode Island DivisionSons of Veterans, Daughters of the American Revolution, Societyof the Colonial Wars, Society of the Cincinnati, and Rhode IslandCitizens Historical Association.

Invitations have been extended to the Department Commanderand Staff of the G. A. R., General Tanner and staff of the RhodeIsland National Guard, Hon. James H. Higgins, Governor of RhodeIsland, Hon. Aram J. Pothier, Governor-elect of Rhode Island, andother State officers.

The Society’s headquarters will be at the Narragansett Hotel,where proper provision will be made for the reception and entertainmentof members and guests during the day.

Shortly before twelve o’clock, the hour of dedication, the Societyand guests will go in a body to the State House, a short distancefrom the hotel, where provision has been made for ample and comfortableseating of all. After the exercises, which are planned to61last probably an hour and half, we will return to the NarragansettHotel, where luncheon will be served, at which there will be severalinteresting addresses. Price of tickets, $1.50, which may beobtained from the Secretary-General or the Entertainment Committee.

This is an affair of great importance to the American Irish HistoricalSociety, and we earnestly hope every member will be present.

Send back enclosed postal if you intend to be present so we willknow how many to provide for.

It having been voted at the annual meeting at New York January29, 1908, to hold the next annual meeting at Washington,D. C.; the Executive Council at a well-attended meeting thereof heldat the residence of the President-General, December 5, 1908, consideredthe necessary arrangements, and resolved to make this event anotable one in the Society’s history. A committee previously appointedby the President-General to confer with Hon. TheodoreRoosevelt, President of the United States, and ascertain his pleasureas to a reception to the Society and attendance later at the dinner,reported that owing to pressure of official business PresidentRoosevelt would be unable to attend the Society’s dinner, but wouldbe pleased to meet his fellow-members at the White House andthere make a short address.

In accordance with the instruction of the Executive Council theSecretary-General opened correspondence with Mr. William Loeb,Jr., Secretary to President Roosevelt, and the details of the receptionwere promptly arranged.

President-General Quinlan thereupon appointed a Reception Committeeto officiate at the White House and afterwards be on duty atthe Society’s headquarters in Washington, and a Dinner Committeeto arrange all the details of the annual banquet.

The appointees on these committees appear in the circular letterwhich follows.

The Dinner Committee carefully looked over the available placesin Washington suitable for the annual banquet, and decided uponthe Hotel Raleigh as most desirable, not only for this purpose butalso for the headquarters of the Society.

Mr. Thomas J. Talty, the manager of the Hotel Raleigh, extendedthe Committee every courtesy and made their work in the Society’sbehalf easy and pleasant.

63As soon as all necessary details were completed, the following circularletter to members was issued:

Program for Annual Meeting, Reception to the Society by the Presidentof the United States, and Annual Banquet at Washington,D. C., January 16, 1909.

Our fellow-member, Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, President of the UnitedStates, will receive the Society at the White House at 2.30 p. m. SecretaryLoeb requests us to be on time and provide each member with a card ofidentification. Such a card is enclosed and must be presented to the doorkeeperat the White House. Ladies and guests may accompany members, andtickets for them can be obtained from the Acting Secretary-General upon applicationof any member by mail or on the day of the Reception.

Members whose convenience will permit will leave New York Saturdaymorning, January 16, 1909, from West 23d Street station at 7.50 a. m., orfrom Liberty Street station at 8 a. m., to take the Royal Blue Line trainleaving Jersey City at 8.12 a. m., arriving in Washington at 1.12 p. m. Reducedround trip rates have been arranged for on this line, a dining-car willbe attached for our comfort and convenience, and this is the only train landingus in Washington in time to get to our quarters at the hotel and be in seasonfor the President’s Reception.

Immediately after the President’s Reception, the annual meeting of the Societywill be held in the parlors of the Hotel Raleigh, where the Society’sheadquarters will be established, for the election of officers for the ensuingyear, the receiving and acting upon resolutions on the death of several prominentmembers of the Society, including our deeply-lamented Secretary-General,and the transaction of such other business as may come before the meeting.The resolutions and eulogies to be offered are of a high order.

At the termination of the business meeting, opportunity will be given tovisit the capitol, Congressional Library, public buildings, historical societies,and other points of interest in Washington.

The tickets for the dinner are $5.00 each and may be obtained from the ActingSecretary-General, whose address is below. It is very important that weknow exactly how many members are to be present, and you are earnestly requestedto send your remittance for tickets promptly so that we may notify Mr.Talty of the Hotel Raleigh how many he may expect. Members may inviteguests at the same price per ticket.

The Reception to the members of the Society by its officers will take place inthe parlors of the Hotel Raleigh at 6.30 p. m., and this will be an excellentopportunity for exchange of good fellowship with the new members, nearly onehundred and fifty of whom have been elected during the past year. The ReceptionCommittee, consisting of Michael W. Norton, Esq., of Rhode Island,64Hon. John D. Crimmins of New York, Hon. Joseph Geoghegan of Utah,Patrick F. Magrath, Esq., of New York, Hon. John F. O’Connell of RhodeIsland, Dr. M. F. Sullivan of Massachusetts, Bernard J. Joyce, Esq., ofMassachusetts, Patrick Carter, Esq., of Rhode Island, T. Vincent Butler, Esq.,of New York, John J. Daly, Esq., of New York, Gen. D. F. Collins of NewJersey, Francis I. McCanna, Esq., of Rhode Island, Hon. Alexander C.Eustace of New York, Hon. Thomas J. Lynch of Maine, Gen. John R. McGinnessof Virginia, and Hon. Thomas M. Waller of Connecticut, will be inattendance during the day to do everything possible to make it a pleasant occasionfor the members.

At seven o’clock the annual dinner will take place. It will be in charge ofthe Dinner Committee, consisting of Hon. Edward A. Moseley, chairman;Rear Admiral John McGowan, these two former Presidents-General of theSociety; Michael F. Dooley, Esq., Treasurer-General; Hon. Lawrence O. Murrayand Patrick J. Haltigan, Esq.

An elaborate menu, excellent music and extensive floral decorations havebeen provided, and the principal speakers at the post-prandial exercises andtheir toasts will be as follows:

“A Capitol Welcome,” Hon. Thomas H. Carter, U. S. Senator from Montana.

“Irish Pioneers of New York,” Hon. Victor J. Dowling, Justice of theSupreme Court of the State of New York.

“The Irish Pioneers of the West and Their Descendants,” Hon. Maurice T.Moloney, ex-Attorney General of Illinois.

“Advantages of Historical Research to Irish Americans,” Hon. Robert J.Gamble, United States Senator from South Dakota.

Other addresses will follow if time permits.

Our list of guests is headed by Hon. Edward D. White of Louisiana, Justiceof the Supreme Court of the United States, and will include many notablemen.

Please send in your replies as early as possible. The seats at the table willbe allotted members and guests in the order in which the applications arereceived. The officers of the Society earnestly request the attendance of everymember who can make it possible to come, because it is desired to make anexcellent showing in Washington and thus bring the Society and its work moresuccessfully to the attention of all the people in the country interested inmaking “better known the Irish Chapter in American history.”

65The following blank was enclosed with the circular, in order that we might have early information as to the number intending to be present:

Dear Sir: It is my intention to be present at the annual banquet of theAmerican Irish Historical Society, to be held at Hotel Raleigh, Washington,D. C., Saturday evening, January 16, 1909.

I desire provision made for..........guests.

The responses came in so well that the Society felt warrantedin ordering a special train for the comfortable transportation ofmembers and guests to Washington, and through our fellow-member,Mr. Henry L. Joyce, the Royal Blue Line provided a trainof six Pullman parlor-cars, a dining-car and a baggage-car for ourexclusive use, and so notified the Society.

Further notice was then sent to the members as follows:

Annual Dinner and Reception by the President of the United States,Washington, D. C., January 16, 1909.

Royal Blue Line train with special cars attached leaves New York, 23dStreet station, at 7.50 a. m. If 100 members are on hand, a special train willbe put in commission and start ten minutes later from the same place. Faresreduced for us on this line.

We want at least 250 members at Washington. Ladies, accompanied bymembers, may attend reception and dinner. Tickets, $5 each. Headquarters,Hotel Raleigh. Reception at White House 2.30 p. m. Annual meeting atheadquarters afterwards, and dinner at 7. Reception Committee at hotel allday.

Messrs. Henry L. Joyce and W. C. Hope, respectively General Manager MarineDepartment and General Passenger Agent of the Royal Blue Line, will be66at the 23d Street station with the Secretary-General early Saturday morning andfull information may be had.

This will be the best affair we have ever had. Excellent speakers, finedinner, good music and floral decorations already provided for. Please bepresent.

A large party of members and guests availed themselves of thepleasure of the special train, and our comfort was well cared forby Mr. Joyce, ably assisted by Mr. P. Wilfred Heroy, Eastern PassengerAgent of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, and a pickedtrain crew.

Owing to a severe snowstorm encountered en route, it became evidentthe special would not reach Washington on scheduled time,and a telegram to Secretary Loeb was sent from Baltimore as follows:

“Special train of American Irish Historical Society unavoidablydelayed en route. Regret inability to reach White House beforetwo forty-five.”

In order that no time should be lost, orders were given the traincrew to take the baggage of each passenger to the Hotel Raleigh,there to be cared for until our return from the White House.

The following copy of the order given by C. H. English, PassengerTrainmaster of the Central Railroad Company of New Jersey,providing for the running of the special train, is interesting andgives us an idea of the amount of detail necessary to clear the wayfor the operation of a train on an up-to-date railroad, and the peopleto whom orders must go:

Mr. C. E. Chambers, Division Master Mechanic; Mr. A. E. Detro, GeneralForeman, Fiddlers; Mr. L. F. Duffy, Assistant Foreman, Fiddlers; Mr.C. L. Campbell, Chief Dispatcher, Jersey City; Mr. C. L. Hollis, SuperintendentMarine Department, New York; Mr. W. Whittaker, Ferry Master,Jersey City; Mr. G. F. Wernert, Station Master, West 23d Street;Mr. C. H. Vanderveer, Station Master, Liberty Street.

Gentlemen: Please arrange for special train Saturday, January 16, toleave West 23d Street 8.05 a. m., Liberty Street 8.15 a. m., for Washington,consisting of baggage car, dining car and six Pullman cars, account ofAmerican Irish Historical Society.

67Will advise later regarding the return movement. Acknowledge receipt.

The Dinner Committee was on hand to meet the train and specialstreet cars were in readiness to take us to the Reception.

Nearly 300 members and guests were in attendance at the WhiteHouse when President Roosevelt made his appearance, accompaniedby his military attendants. He was in excellent spirits andpleased to see so large a representation of the Society in Washington.

In introducing President Roosevelt to the assemblage, President-GeneralQuinlan said:

“Ladies and Gentlemen, I am especially honored today in presentingto you the gifted ruler of our great nation, one who at all timeshas shown true sympathy with our cause and who has recorded hisfeeling by associating himself with our Society. It is with feelingsof mingled pride and satisfaction that I introduce to you our fellow-member,Mr. Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States.”

President Roosevelt replied as follows:

“It is a great pleasure to me to bid you welcome to Washington,and especially to have the chance of saying a word of greeting to youhere in the White House. I am sorry we didn’t give you a littlebetter weather, and I especially regret that, in view of the fact thatso many of you have had the wisdom to bring your better halves withyou; for I have always insisted that, while the average Americancitizen is a pretty good fellow, his wife is a still better fellow.

“I need scarcely say the great interest that I take in the work ofthis body. Here on this continent we are building up a great newnation, a nation akin to, but different from, each of the Old Worldnations of middle and western Europe. To this country have comemen of many different origins, and here they are being fused togetherinto a new type, and it is greatly to be desired that we should havehistorical associations like this which shall commemorate the differentstrains in the national blood.

“It is a mistake to suppose, as is so often assumed, that at thetime of the Revolution our people were not of mixed blood. Theywere then, just as they are now. Many different strains from the68beginning contributed to make up what is now American citizenship,and from the beginning in this country the men who themselves,or whose fathers, came from Ireland have played a great andleading part in the affairs of the nation. I myself have some ofthat blood in me, and doubtless this accounts for the difficulties withwhich I have found myself confronted at times. It may also accountfor my disposition after getting into a fight to let the other fellowknow I was in it. I thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for cominghere.”

There was great applause and much enthusiasm upon the well-chosenwords, and afterwards the assemblage formed in line andeach person was presented to President Roosevelt by President-GeneralQuinlan and Hon. Edward A. Moseley, Michael F. Dooley,Esq., Hon. Lawrence O. Murray and Patrick J. Haltigan, Esq., ofthe Dinner Committee.

At the termination of the Reception the party went to the HotelRaleigh for the annual meeting.

ANNUAL MEETING.

The annual meeting of the Society was held this 16th day ofJanuary, 1909, in the banquet hall of the Hotel Raleigh, and wascalled to order at 3.30 p. m. by President-General Quinlan, a largenumber of members being present.

Reading of records of the previous meeting was omitted.

The first business being the election of officers for the ensuingyear, the Secretary-General read the following list of nominees selectedby the Executive Council to be voted upon at this meeting.Each of the general officers were voted upon separately, and themembers of the Executive Council and list of State Vice-Presidentsas a whole, and all were unanimously elected to serve until the nextannual meeting and until others are chosen in their stead.

71After the election, the Secretary-General stated that several lettersof regret had been received by the Society, and they were orderedread. They are as follows:

Nothing could have given me greater pleasure than to be able to attendthe annual meeting and reception to the American Irish Historical Societyby President Roosevelt on Saturday evening, the 16th inst. Unfortunately, Iam so tied up with engagements on that evening that it will be impossible forme to leave here, one being a dinner engagement of long standing, which,however, I might be able to break; but, in addition, I am scheduled to speakat the annual meeting and banquet of the field force of the MetropolitanLife Insurance Company, of which, as you know, I am a director, and whichis to be held at Delmonico’s. This arrangement was made prior to the timewhen the date of the reception to your Society was fixed, and it is incumbentupon me to be present, and while I fully intended going to Washingtonand attending the reception, and so expressed myself to Judge Dowling, who,I understand, is to deliver an address, yet I now realize the impracticabilityof being in two places at the same time, and will therefore have to foregothe pleasure of being there.

I trust you will appreciate my position, and I assure you that ordinarily Iwould be only too glad to break any engagement I might have and availmyself of the pleasure of being present on such an occasion, but in reachinga decision I could not do otherwise than give way in favor of the engagementwhich was prior in point of time.

I deeply appreciate your kind expressions, and the more than attractivemanner in which you urge me to be present, all of which would be unnecessaryin any matter in which you were concerned, because the mere expressionof your wish that you desired my co-operation in any of the good works inwhich you are interested would always receive from me a prompt response.

With kind regards personally, believe me to be,

My dear Mr. Lee: I have received your several communications in regardto the meeting and annual dinner on January 16 at Washington, and Iplanned to go, but things have so shaped themselves that I find it impossibleto leave at this time. I certainly regret very much my inability to attend,but do wish you all possible success.

My dear Judge: I have to thank you for your letter of the 13th inst., butregret that I shall not be able to leave New York on Saturday to attend themeeting of our Society in Washington. Herewith I give you my check for$5 to cover the amount of my dues for the current year.

Wishing you a very delightful trip and a good time at the convention, Iremain,

Salem, Mass., January 14, 1909.

Hon. Thomas Z. Lee,Secretary-General of the American Irish Historical Society,Providence, R. I.

My dear Sir: The Mayor has been sick since Friday of last week, and althoughhe is now out of bed the doctor positively forbids him to make a tripto Washington. He sent a message to me requesting me to notify you ofthis fact and to express to you his deep regret. I know he was looking forwardwith very pleasant anticipation to this trip and to his meeting with youagain.

I find in the mail two tickets to the banquet and not appreciating thesituation fully I am enclosing them to you, thinking that you may be able tomake some use of them as long as the Mayor can not go, but if these aresent out and charged to the persons to whom they are sent, you will pleaseadvise the Mayor and he will send you the cost of the same.

My dear Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of a ticket to theannual banquet of the American Irish Historical Society, to be held at HotelRaleigh January 16, 1909, at 7 p. m., and sincerely thank you for the favor.

Will endeavor to be present, but on account of business appointments thatI have about that time that will take me away from Washington and probablywill not allow my return in time, would suggest that you do not figure on mymaking any remarks at the meeting.

With best wishes for the Society’s success,

My dear Judge Lee: I have deferred writing you on the subject of attendingthe forthcoming banquet of the American Irish Historical Society in thehope that I might find it possible to be present. However, I am doomed todisappointment. I cannot, much as I regret it, find a way to be with you andour friends to share in the festivities. That you will have an edifying andjolly good time goes without saying and I regret exceedingly my inability toshare in it. With cordial best wishes,

My dear Mr. Lee: It is with sincere regret that I am compelled to adviseyou of my inability to participate in the annual exercises of the American IrishHistorical Society in Washington, D. C., January 16. I assure you it is agrievous disappointment to me, but conditions are such that it will be impossiblefor me to leave Utah at the present time.

Please convey to my fellow-members my very best wishes for the continuedprosperity of the Society. With my best personal regards to yourself, I remain,

Dear Sir: I regret that an engagement to consecrate an altar at Columbia,S. C., on January the 17th will deprive me of the pleasure of joining youat the reception at the White House January 16.

With best wishes for the New Year, I remain

My dear Judge Lee: I am just home from the Appellate Division of ourSupreme Court at Albany, and have your kind invitation to attend the dinnerof the American Irish Historical Society at Washington on the 16th inst.as the guest of the Society.

I very greatly appreciate the honor of this invitation and I have delayedanswer for a day trying to arrange my engagements so that I could have the74pleasure of meeting with the Society on that occasion, but I am very sorryto find that it will be impossible for me to reach Washington for the 16th.I cannot tell you how deeply I regret my enforced absence.

With kindest regards to yourself and the many members of the Society towhose hospitality I am so indebted, and with cordial thanks for the honor ofthe invitation believe me,

Dear Sir: Justice Hendrick acknowledges notice of the general meeting atWashington and expresses regret that owing to the pressure of court duties itwill be impossible for him to attend.

My dear Sir: I regret exceedingly that I cannot go with you and be presentat the reception to the American Irish Historical Society by His ExcellencyPresident Roosevelt, as I anticipate being away from New York aboutthat time.

I believe you will have a very pleasant time and my best wishes go withyou.

With all the compliments of the season, believe me,

New York, December 31, 1908.

Francis J. Quinlan, M. D.,33 W. 38th Street, City.

Dear Sir: Yours with enclosure received. Regret to say I will not havethe pleasure of attending the annual meeting of the Historical Society atWashington, as I expect to be in the South at that time.

Trusting you will have the usual good time, I remain

Dear Sir: I beg to inform you that Archbishop Keane is not home, nor ishis return expected for some months. It will therefore be impossible for himto accept the kind invitation of the American Irish Historical Society.

75Boston, January 5, 1909.

T. Z. Lee, Esq.,Providence, R. I.

Dear Sir: I am sorry I will be unable to attend the meeting of the Societyin Washington. Am very sorry I cannot be there.

Dear Sir: Your esteemed favor announcing the forthcoming annual banquetof the Society at the Hotel Raleigh in Washington, and also the reception tobe given to the Society by President Roosevelt on January the 16th is received,and for which accept thanks. I regret exceedingly that it will be impossiblefor me to be present on that occasion. I have been somewhat ailingfor several weeks past and am recuperating so slowly that I fear I will beunable to get away from my home at the date of your banquet. Should I feelable to do so, however, it will afford me great pleasure to be present, as Ialways enjoy the annual dinner of the Society.

Dear Judge Lee: The meeting in Washington comes at the time of our annualfirm meeting and I regret exceedingly I shall not be able to be with you.I trust you will have an enthusiastic meeting.

My dear Mr. Lee: Your esteemed favor of the 6th inst. reached me duringa trip in the West and I appreciate very much indeed your remembrance ofme by your kind invitation to be the guest of your Society at the annualbanquet in Washington, D. C., on the evening of January 16, at the HotelRaleigh, and also to attend with you a reception at the White House byPresident Roosevelt.

Although it will be impossible for me to accept these courtesies, I beg toexpress my great appreciation of the same and to assure you that it willalways be my pleasure to at any time entertain the Society at my home inLexington whenever it is their pleasure to visit our good old town.

My dear Judge: My absence this evening I exceedingly regret. I trust thedinner and meeting will be pleasant and interesting. What heart does notdilate with feelings to this night’s occasion, and what a host of interestingrecollections spring up in the mind when we reflect upon the time when Irishmencame to the shores of this country in the spirit of holy zeal, leaving theland of their birth, braving the winds of Heaven and the angry wrath of themighty Atlantic, landing in the wilderness and planting the seeds of a holyreligion as well as laying the foundation of the mighty and greatest of allrepublics.

I am with you in spirit this evening and I hope the effects of our good Societywill establish its prestige in every city and town of this country of ours.

Norfolk, Va., January 15, 1909.

To the American Irish Historical Society,

Hotel Raleigh, Washington, D. C.

Gentlemen: Until today it was my intention and hope to be with you inWashington tomorrow. Conditions beyond control will prevent, consequentlymy greetings must be conveyed by mail.

Mr. Patrick M. Keating presented and read the following memorialto the late Hon. Thomas J. Gargan, former President-Generalof the Society, which was adopted by unanimous vote:

Memorial of Thomas J. Gargan.

“The members of the American Irish Historical Society by thismemorial desire to pay a tribute of love and respect to the memoryof their late associate and President-General, Thomas J. Gargan,and to express their appreciation of his character and ability andtheir recognition of the great loss the Society has sustained in hisdeath.

“His parents were among the pioneer Irish emigrants who cameto this country in the early part of the nineteenth century andsettled in Boston, where he was born about sixty-six years ago.

“In early life he was engaged in mercantile pursuits, but the77practice of law strongly attracted him and he was admitted to thebar in the year 1875. As a lawyer he was not merely a successfulpractitioner, but an ornament to the profession, scorning to descendto dishonorable tactics or to adopt the acts of a pettifogger.

“He filled various positions of honor and responsibility, both publicand private, faithfully and efficiently. He took an active partin causes that brought into requisition the zeal, sympathy and interestof worthy citizens and rendered valuable service to his city, state andcountry. Whether it was a call for patriotic service for the preservationof the republic or an invitation to join his fellow citizensin aiding a people struggling for liberty, or in providing relief forthose who were afflicted by reason of some extraordinary catastrophe—onall such occasions he responded cheerfully and contributed hisfull share by word and by deed.

“While he rendered conspicuous public service as an Americancitizen he was ever mindful of the land of his forefathers, and ofthe race from which he sprung. In early manhood he became thepresident of the Charitable Irish Society of Boston, which is oneof the oldest societies in this country, having been established in theyear 1737, and from the time the American Irish Historical Societywas organized he was interested in its welfare, and was honoredabout ten years ago by being elected to the highest office within thegift of its members.

“His eloquence, copiousness of ideas and fluency of speech madehis orations edifying and instructive, and his voice, so rich and tenderand with depth of feeling, made the public addresses deliveredby him in memory of the late Mayor Collins and other distinguishedmen, models of eulogistic oratory.

“But he was esteemed most highly by the members of this Societyas a true and kind friend, whose sunny temperament, sparkling wit,genial humor and upright character won their love and admirationand will long keep him alive in their memories.”

Resolved, That this memorial be entered upon the records ofthis Society and that a copy thereof be sent to the widow of our latefellow-member together with the assurance of the deep respect andaffection in which he was held by us and the expression of our heartfeltsympathy in her sorrow and bereavement.

Mr. Keating’s eulogy followed the memorial and was an eloquenttribute to our late President-General.

78Mr. Gargan was born at Boston, Mass., October 27, 1844, anddied at Berlin, Germany, July 31, 1908.

The following memorial to the late Mr. James J. Phelan waspresented and read by Mr. Edward J. McGuire, and it was unanimouslyvoted that the same be adopted and that a copy thereof besent to the family of Mr. Phelan:

Memorial of James J. Phelan.

“James J. Phelan died at his country home at Allenhurst, NewJersey, on August 3, 1908, in the sixty-first year of his age. He wasa native of the city of New York.

“His father was of Irish birth. His mother was a native ofMaryland. His father, John Phelan, came to New York in hisearly youth with his father. They settled in Greenwich Village,afterwards known as the “Old Ninth Ward,” early in the nineteenthcentury, and established a successful business in the grocery trade.John Phelan was a man of shrewdness and commercial ability, whichqualities he transmitted to his son. He was one of the Phelan familythat distinguished itself in the commerce of San Francisco in thepioneer days and still maintains its high reputation there. JohnPhelan largely increased his fortune by his relations to the tradewith California in the decade between 1850 and 1860.

“James J. Phelan attended first the public schools and then thecommercial department of the College of St. Francis Xavier, ofwhich famous institution he remained a steadfast friend ever afterwards.

“In 1867, his father, intending him for a business career, establishedhim as the proprietor of a general store at Fordham, whichwas then a village in Westchester County but which now forms oneof the important centers in the borough of the Bronx, New YorkCity. He spent the formative years of his business life in the conductof this venture.

“In 1870, at the age of twenty-five, he formed the firm of Phelanand Duval, which engaged in the wholesale wine and spirits tradeand became one of the important houses in its department. He continuedin active management of the affairs of this business until theyear 1883, when he took charge of even larger interests.

“The American Contracting and Dredging Company was formedabout that time among other things for construction work uponthe Panama canal under the French concessionaries. It controlled79valuable patent rights in dredging machinery. It secured severalimportant contracts from Count Ferdinand de Lesseps as presidentof the French company and afterwards constructed fifteenmiles of the Panama canal. It was most successful financiallyand its careful management avoided serious complications with themisfortunes of the Frenchmen. When its contracts were completedit withdrew from the field. Mr. Phelan was one of themaster minds in this great work. Among his associates were EugeneKelly, Charles N. Fry and George Bliss of distinguished andhonorable memory in American finance, and Commander Gorringeof the United States Navy, who will be remembered for his engineeringsuccess in transporting the obelisk from Egypt to CentralPark and setting it in its place without a single mishap.

“This, however, was but one of the important enterprises carriedon by Mr. Phelan with success. His ability in commercial andcorporate affairs was rare and as his remarkable grasp of greataffairs and his skill in their administration became known he wasinvited into enterprises of the most important and lucrative character.He achieved from them a large fortune as well as a highreputation in finance. He died a member of the Chamber ofCommerce of the City of New York.

“His active business life did not absorb all his energies. Hewas a man who from his youth took active part in the politicallife of the city. He joined also the societies working in the fieldof religion and morality. He was fond of his friends and of sociallife. He was always faithful to the traditions of the old Irishrace from which he was descended and active in its cause.

“In 1890 he became a commissioner of the Dock Department ofthe City of New York on the appointment of Mayor Hugh J.Grant. He left upon that office the impress of his ability in oneof the most important divisions of the affairs of the world’s greatestseaport, at a time when millions of dollars were available andwere spent in providing for the oceanic trade of the port of NewYork. His service lasted four years, when he resigned with thepraise and good wishes of the entire municipality.

“He was identified almost from his youth with the work of theXavier Alumni Sodality, of the Catholic Club and of the St. Vincentde Paul Society. He rendered each of them great service,both as an officer and as a member. He was a trustee of theRoman Catholic Orphan Asylum, of the Catholic Benevolent Legion,80of the Catholic Summer School and of many other philanthropicsocieties. He was a member of many of them in theirstruggling years and he gave his powers and his industry in fullmeasure to their proper development.

“He was a member of the American Irish Historical Societyfrom its establishment. He was always most interested in its workand devoted to the cause for which it stood. His pleasant facewill be missed from its gatherings.

“He was married twice, the second time in 1881 to Marie Foranof New York. He had four sons and four daughters, who withhis widow survive him.

“James J. Phelan was an example of the truth that in properconditions the men of the Irish race surely rise to eminence infields in which the current prejudice and error of the age denythat excellence is possible to them. From small beginnings andin conflict with adverse circ*mstances he rose to great fortune andconspicuous position in the metropolis by the exercise of thrift,temperance, honesty and intelligence. He met all sorts and conditionsof men and asking no favor he conquered success, holdingfast at the same time to the ideals of the race from which he sprungand the ancient faith to which he was ever loyal.”

The following memorial to the late Thomas Hamilton Murray,former Secretary-General of the Society, was presented and readby the present Secretary-General, Mr. Thomas Z. Lee, and it wasunanimously voted that the same be adopted and that a copythereof be sent to the widow of Mr. Murray:

Memorial of Thomas Hamilton Murray.

“On June 5, 1908, Thomas Hamilton Murray, editor, genealogistand historian, died at his home in Sea View in the town ofMarshfield, Massachusetts, in the fifty-first year of his age.

“He was one of the founders of the American Irish HistoricalSociety and its Secretary-General from the date of its organizationuntil his death. During his administration the Society grew innumbers and influence, pursuing its good work and historical researchesinto most of the states of the Union, until he saw it occupyingthe foremost place in this country of any organization engagedin similar work. He was proud of the Society and gave it81his best efforts. To him every individual member was personallyknown, and he took pride in stimulating each with a sense of theresponsibility undertaken in making better known the Irish chapterin American history.

“Mr. Murray obtained his early education in the public schoolsof Newton, Cambridge and Boston, Mass., and, when he reachedhis majority, chose journalism as his profession. He was a closeobserver, a ready writer and possessed a style direct and attractive.The seven volumes of the Journal edited by him bear eloquenttestimony to his literary ability. For a while he contributed educational,literary and historical articles to the Boston Pilot and enjoyedthe coöperation and friendship of its then editor, John BoyleO’Reilly; later he became a member of the staff of the Boston Globe,where he remained several years. Ben Palmer was editor of theGlobe at that time, and the Globe office was one of the best schoolsof journalism in the country. With a well-regulated mind and astrong constitution, Mr. Murray worked hard and the trainingthere obtained well fitted him for the life work he had undertakenand the filling of important positions to which he was later called.

“After leaving the Globe, Mr. Murray became court reporter forthe Boston Daily Star, then editor of the Roxbury Advocate, andafterwards editor of the Daily Advertiser, a morning paper at Shelton,Conn. He next became night editor of the Morning News, ofBridgeport, Conn., but soon returned to day work and became editorof the Daily Record at Meriden, Conn., where he remained untilcalled to the editorial chair of the Evening and Sunday Telegramat Providence, R. I. After five years in this position, he becameeditor of the Lawrence Daily Sun, and four years later took chargeof the Evening Call at Woonsocket.

“He had long taken a deep interest in historical studies, particularlyin relation to the events and epochs of persons of Irishextraction, and his lectures and writings showed not only his devotionto his subjects, but a wide range of learning and researchas well as a high order of literary ability. In addition to his invaluablework for this Society he was the author of many historicalworks, some of which are as follows:

“The Libraries of Boston: Public, Semi-Public and Probate. (Boston, 1882.)

“The Old Schoolmasters of Boston. (Boston, 1884.)

“The Mason Name in New England History. (Boston, 1884.)

82“The Thayer Name in America. (Boston, 1884.)

“The Irish Element in Connecticut. (Bridgeport, Ct., 1888.)

“From Dawn to Revolution. (Boston, 1889.)

“Thirty Historic American Families of Irish Extraction. (Boston, 1889.)

“Reminiscences of Life Along Narragansett’s Shores. (Providence, R. I.,1890.)

“Rambles in Rhode Island’s South County. (Providence, 1891.)

“Some Early Irish Members of the Society of Friends in Rhode Island.(Providence, 1894.)

“The Dorrance Purchase—An Irish Leaf from Rhode Island History. (Boston,1895.)

“The Dunlevy Family in Irish History; Sketch of the Clan’s Patrimony inAncient Ulidia. (Lawrence, Mass., 1895.)

“David O’Killia (O’Kelly), the Irishman; A Pioneer Settler at Yarmouth,Mass., as early as 1675. (Boston, 1895.)

“Concerning the McGuinness, McGinnis Name. (Providence, R. I., 1895.)

“The Irish Chapter in the History of Brown University. (Providence,1896.)

“The Dempsey Name, Old and Puissant. (Denver, Col., 1898.)

“The Irish Soldiers in King Philip’s War—“Great Swamp” Fight. (NewYork City, 1896.)

“The First Regiment, Pennsylvania Line, In the Revolution. (Boston,1896.)

“The Irish Morrisons; A Glance at the Origin of the Clan Name, Togetherwith Reference to the Family’s Patrimony in the Ancient Kingdom of Connacht.(Lawrence, Mass., 1896.)

“Some Patricks of the Revolution. (New York City, 1896–’97.)

“Five Colonial Irish Rhode Islanders. (Providence, 1897.)

“Some Facts Concerning the Irish Washingtons. (Boston, 1898.)

“Early Irish Schoolmasters in Rhode Island. (Washington, D. C., 1898.)

“The French Chapter in American History. (Boston, 1899.)

“Matthew Watson, an Irish Settler of Barrington, R. I., 1723. (Boston,1900.)

“The Irish Moss Gatherers of Scituate, Mass. (New York City, 1900.)

“The Irish at the Battle of Bunker Hill, 1775. (Boston, 1900.)

“A Point Made Clear—The Brecks of Dorchester, Mass. (Boston, 1901.)

“Irish Settlers, Previous to 1742, in Portsmouth, N. H. (Boston, 1901.)

“The Story of Miss Fitzgerald. (Boston, 1901.)

“The Romance of Sarah Alexander. (New York City, 1901.)

“Early Irish in the Plymouth Colony. (Boston, 1901.)

“Charles MacCarthy, a Rhode Island Pioneer, 1677. (Somerset, O., 1901.)

“Thomas Casey of Ireland and Rhode Island, 1636–1719. (Boston, 1901.)

“The Voyage of The Seaflower—from Ireland to Boston, 1741. (Boston,1902.)

“Early Irish Educators of American Youth. (San Francisco, Cal., 1902.)

83“A Glance at the Vanguard—Irish Pioneers in Colonial Massachusetts.(Boston, 1902.)

“Richard Dexter, a Forgotten Irish Pioneer of Boston, Mass., 1641. (NewYork City, 1902.)

“Hugh Gaine, Irishman, New York Publisher, 1752–1809. (Boston, 1902.)

“Gen. John Sullivan and the Battle of Rhode Island. (Providence, 1902.)

“The American Not an ‘Anglo-Saxon’ People. (Boston, 1902.)

“To the American Irish Historical Society he was ever loyal andfaithful. No call for service came to him in its behalf to whichhe did not respond. The highest office in the Society he mighthave had and political preferment could have been his from theappreciative citizens of Rhode Island and Massachusetts, but heturned from them lest his time and efforts might be diverted fromthat branch of history he loved so well. As long as his strengthheld out, he was in the harness serving the Society and, at our lastannual meeting in New York, unable to walk, he was carried fromthe Grand Central Depot to the Manhattan Hotel, and there heconducted to the end the magnificent dinner and entertainment thatfollowed the meeting. The effort was almost fatal, and duringthe night loving and tender friends watched over him but, by determinedwill, he rallied and reached his pretty villa at Sea Viewfrom which he never departed again in life. In all his work forthe Society, he was ably assisted by his noble wife, Mary H. SullivanMurray, a lady of great intelligence and refinement, who tookup the work of the Secretary-General and faithfully maintained ituntil a member could be selected to relieve her. In paying ourdeep tribute to her husband, it would be amiss not to mention thefaithful wife and assistant who now mourns with us his loss.

“We wish to record here the great benefits which we have receivedfrom the work and services of our first Secretary-Generaland pay tribute to his learning and ability; we further record thedeep sorrow with which we look upon his vacant place, and, lastly,we record our loving tribute of affection for Thomas HamiltonMurray as a man, fearless, honest and faithful, an upright citizenand an earnest member of the Society.

“‘The soil out of which such men as he are made is good to beborn on, good to live on, good to die for and be buried in.’”

Resolved, That the American Irish Historical Society, in appreciationof the services and efforts in its behalf by Thomas Hamilton84Murray, late Secretary-General, unanimously adopts the minute preparedby Mr. Lee, orders that it be spread in full upon the recordsof the Society, and that a copy of the same under the seal of theSociety be presented to the widow, Mrs. Mary H. Sullivan Murray.

The following are a few of the many letters received by Mrs.Murray immediately before and after the death of our late Secretary-General:

Dear Mrs. Murray: I am pained to learn of Mr. Murray’s low condition.You have my heartfelt sympathy. Mr. Magrath has just called, and spoke ofhis visit. I am still hoping that Mr. Murray will rally.

I am writing Mr. Lee of Providence to call, as I understand Mr. Murraywishes to see some member of the Society.

We have missed Mr. Murray greatly the last few months and will misshim always, for he may be considered as the founder of that honorable associationof men, the American Irish Historical Society.

With the assurance of my esteem and regard together with my sinceresympathy, I am, dear madam.

We tender you our deepest sympathy in this hour of your great bereavement.Will attend funeral.

Sincere and profound sympathy on the death of your husband.

Dear Mr. Jordan: I have received the news of Mr. Thomas Hamilton Murray’sdeath with profound regret, and am very sorry that an important engagementfor Monday will prevent my going to Boston for the funeral.

I beg you will convey to Mr. Murray’s family my sincere sympathy andcondolence in their sad bereavement.

85We have all suffered a great loss in his death; and the noble work he carriedforward so devotedly in developing the Irish chapter in American historywill not readily find again as zealous or able an advocate. He had beenthe steady reliance of the Society. The patriotic work he did will long bea pride and glory to the race he loved and the cause so faithfully served.

With profound regret and sincerely sympathizing with all his friends andfellow members, I am,

Dear Mrs. Murray: Accept my sincere condolences on the death of yourdear husband, which I read in the New York Herald this morning with profoundsorrow.

We have lost a noble and a true friend to the American Irish HistoricalSociety. In looking back over the past it is consoling to think his life hasbeen a most exemplary one. How much better would our communities be,if we had more such men as your husband. His good and simple life was amodel for all. He was a man whose character was the soul of buoyancy andkindness.

Dear Sir: Your telegram received, and I regret exceedingly that I was unableto reach Boston in time for Secretary Murray’s funeral.

I was very, very sorry to hear of his death, and while it is a great loss tohis family, our Society has lost a very valuable member. Please convey mysympathy to the family.

I do not know what the circ*mstances of the family are, but certainly theSociety if necessary should do something to assist them at this time. I knowthat in his home loving hands did all they could for him and it is for theSociety to assist financially if necessary.

My dear Mr. Jordan: Your telegram notifying me of the time of Mr. Murray’sfuneral reached me yesterday morning on my return to the city. I regretexceedingly the untimely death of our friend. He was a devoted andwhole-souled worker in the cause of historic truth. I have never met anyonewho surpassed him in zeal and unselfishness. He leaves vacant a place in the86ranks of the lovers of the Irish race and the adherents of the Catholic Churchwhich it will be hard to fill.

I have not the address of his family. May I ask you kindly to extend tothem my heartfelt sympathy?

Dear Mrs. Murray: I am very sorry to learn of the death of Mr. Murray.I did not hear of it till it was too late for me to attend the funeral toshow the respect and esteem I have felt for him from the first time Imet him, several years before the American Irish Historical Society was organized.From that time to this our relations were most cordial and my mostsincere sympathy is extended to yourself and your family for the great lossyou have sustained. It is a great loss. You and your family have not alonefelt this loss, but everyone who had or has any interest in American Irishhistory must also recognize it. It will be hard to get a man to fill hisplace in this latter capacity. Again let me express my sincere sympathy withyou in your bereavement.

Let me thank you for the return of the pictures that I received last Saturday.I was thinking, before their receipt, where I would send a letter addressedto you expressive of my sympathy at your loss but could not make upmy mind where to send it. I saw the Sea View postmark on the envelopeover the pictures and I send this to that address.

Dear Mrs. Murray: I have only now heard of dear Tom Murray’s deathand I am so grieved over it that I can hardly contain myself to write you thisletter.

While his demise was not entirely unexpected it is nevertheless a greatshock, and I hasten to extend my deep and heartfelt sympathy in this yourtime of sorrow. You have lost a good and worthy husband and I a truefriend, of whom I was very fond, and I’m sorry that I was far away fromhome when he was taken by loving and tender hands to his last resting place.

A clipping from a newspaper sent by my mother told the sad story. Shesent it several days ago, but as I have been going about from place to place thenews missed me till now.

May God bless and protect you is my humblest wish for you this night.

Dear Madam: I am just in receipt of a journal of the American Irish HistoricalSociety with printed request that I acknowledge it to the Secretary-General.Would that I could, and that he were still with us! I learned someweeks ago of his death and I beg to offer you my sincere sympathy and prayOur Lady, the Consoler of the Afflicted, to comfort you and the Lord to granthim His reward, the reward of the faithful and just.

Dear Madam: I received the Journal of the American Irish HistoricalSociety, Volume VII, 1907, and beg leave to thank you for the same. It isadmirably gotten up in Mr. Murray’s usual good style and nicely illustrated,and well bound.

It is like all the previous numbers, a monument to the great ability and devotedindustry of your husband. His loss to the Society is indeed verygreat. His devotion to the work of this Society endeared him to all who knewof his earnest efforts, and his work in its behalf has made for him a mostenduring monument.

The following memorial to the late Major John Crane, preparedby Hon. Eugene A. Philbin, was also unanimously adopted, and itwas voted to send a copy thereof to the family of Major Crane:

Memorial of John Crane.

“It very rarely happens that it is given to a man to be a sourceof inspiration to his fellowmen in more than one phase of humaneffort. A man may, during his life, have given evidence of exaltedand self-denying patriotism, or have been conspicuous in the greatfield of charity, or an example of the highest type of the successfuland upright business man, or a great leader in movements for theuplifting of mankind, but the average man cannot hope to establisha claim for recognition for more than one of these achievements.John Crane, however, was entitled to credit for a distinguishedcareer in all. He was born in Morgan County, Ohio, onthe 10th day of February, 1840. His mother died while he wasquite young and his father took the family to the State of Wisconsin.88War was declared between the North and South when hehad hardly attained manhood, but, with two other young men, heorganized a company of volunteers and was elected first lieutenant.This company offered its services to the governor of the State andwas assigned to the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. Theregiment was ordered to the Army of the Potomac, and was incorporatedwith other regiments which were known as the “IronBrigade,” and as such attained great distinction for noteworthyservices during the war. Mr. Crane served with the Sixth Wisconsinuntil the winter of 1862, when he resigned, but only forthe purpose of aiding in the organization of the Seventeenth WisconsinVolunteer Infantry, an Irish regiment which was being raisedin that State. He was successful in organizing Company A, andbecame its first lieutenant. This regiment in March, 1862, was orderedSouth, and their first stop was at St. Louis, whence they wentto Tennessee, arriving at Pittsburgh Landing, Tennessee, a coupleof days after the Battle of Shiloh. The regiment was assigned tothe division of General McArthur, with whom it served during thecampaign, taking part in numerous skirmishes and the Battle ofCorinth. About this time the Adjutant of the regiment resignedand Lieutenant Crane was appointed Adjutant, which position heheld until the close of the war. Upon the organization of the SeventeenthArmy Corps, Gen. J. B. McPherson commanding (afterwardskilled before Atlanta), the regiment became one of the regimentsof this Corps, taking part in the campaign before the Siege ofVicksburg. They participated in the siege, and the regiment,Lieut.-Col. Thomas MacMahon commanding, joined with others inmaking the first assault on the breastworks at Vicksburg, May 19,1863. The regimental officers and men were most highly commendedby their commanding officer. John Crane bore a distinguishedpart in this assault and was personally complimented bythe general commanding. The Seventeenth Corps was part of theArmy of the Tennessee under General Sherman and served in allits campaign before Atlanta and on the march to the sea. Notwithstandingthe fact that John Crane was of a naturally impulsivenature, during the battle his ability to command and exercisea considerate supervision of his men was never affected. Hisbravery was characterized by unfaltering fearlessness, but nevermarred by recklessness. He remained in the service until the warwas concluded.

89“In the year 1868 Mr. Crane engaged in business with ColonelMacMahon, to whom reference has been made. Later William A.MacMahon, who served in the same regiment, entered the business,which was conducted under the name of Crane & MacMahon at thetime of Mr. Crane’s death, which occurred on April 8, 1908, inNew York City. The tie that had been formed with the MacMahonbrothers in the service was strengthened by Mr. Crane’smarriage to their sister in the year 1866. She still survives him.

“From the outset, even when his time was much taken in forminghis business relations and organizing his affairs, he was deeply andpractically interested in charity. He commenced then the practicewhich was continued to the end of his life, not only of givingmost liberally, but also of devoting his time and personal attention tothe relief of the poor. For many years he was chairman of thefinance committee of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul and it waslargely due to his gentle but firm persistency that persons able to doso were made to contribute. It was rarely that a meeting of the committeewas held that there was not some practical suggestion by himtowards procuring those already interested to take a still greater interestor to secure the sympathy of people who had not alreadycontributed in the great work. His effort in this important fieldwas never limited to satisfying the physical suffering of the moment,but included a practical and effective course, having for its end notonly the provision for pecuniary resources, but the inspiration ofnew courage and hope. The battle always became easier and theprospect more hopeful after a visit from John Crane.

“Since he carried into business the great elements of characterthat had made him a distinguished and able soldier and was constantlyinspired by the broad spirit of charity which engenderedthe desire for fair dealing, it was only natural that his effortsshould meet with success and that he and his associate should attaina position in the business world distinguished for an honorablepolicy and ability to produce effective results.

“The reward which attended his efforts in the great spheres oflife, to which reference has already been made, caused a deeper appreciationof the value of spiritual inspiration. He realized that90the battles that he had fought on the field of war and in civic lifehad been won because of his reliance not upon man or things, butupon the Supreme Being. He took advantage of every opportunityto convey this great lesson to his fellowmen. When about tenyears before his death Governor Roosevelt appointed him a memberof the board of trustees of the Soldiers’ Home in Steuben County,New York state, he was given an opportunity that probably broughthim more real gratification than any other one thing in his philanthropiccareer. He organized at the Soldiers’ Home religioussocieties which furnished spiritual gratification to the veteran soldiers,and also gave them a new occupation that tended to relievethe monotony of institutional life. It seemed to him as if he wereagain, after the lapse of so many years, participating with patheticcare and solicitation in the careers and welfare of those who,under his guidance, were giving their lives to their country. It isnot difficult to imagine what this opportunity meant to Major Crane.It is needless to say that the duty was discharged, not only in amanner that gave happiness to the inmates at the time, but alsoinaugurated methods that were so meritorious as to remain permanentlyto the advantage of the Home.

“Major Crane never entered actively into politics, although hewas a man of clear and positive views as to public welfare. Fromtime to time he freely lent his voice and aid to movements havingfor their object civic betterment.

“He was for many years the almoner of the Friendly Sons ofSt. Patrick, and gave the same intelligent and able consideration tothe appeals made to the Society by the unfortunate as he had givento many other cases of distress. He was a most active and faithfulmember of the latter society, and, in fact, was deeply interested inanything that concerned the Irish race and furnished evidence ofthe great benefits it had conferred upon mankind.

“Major Crane was especially interested in American-Irish historybecause of its eloquent testimony in support of Irish virtue and ability.His own noble record will always be a bright page in theannals of the race in this country.

In the death of Hugh Kelly, President of the corporation ofHugh Kelly & Co., 79 Wall Street, New York City, the downtownbusiness community of New York lost a man of sound judgment ofmen and affairs, and a true friend.

Mr. Kelly was born in Chicago, September 24th, 1858, and whena year old came to New York, where he lived thereafter. He wasgraduated from the College of the City of New York with highhonors and was later honored with the degrees of Master of Artsand Doctors of Laws by Fordham University. In 1871 he enteredthe West Indian trade and in 1884 established the houseof Hugh Kelly & Co., which is well-known throughout the canesugar world. He was very successful in designing and constructingseveral of the largest and most modern sugar cane factories inCuba, Porto Rico and Santo Domingo, and was one of the bestknown merchants in that industry.

He was president of several sugar companies in the West Indies,but found time also to devote himself to maritime and municipalaffairs, and was in the directorate of the United Fruit Company, TheEmigrant Industrial Savings Bank, the Nipe Bay Company, andother industrial enterprises. He was also a Trustee of St. Patrick’sCathedral, the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, Calvary Cemetery,the Sevilla Home for Children, and the Central Islip State Hospital.

Mr. Kelly served the city as a member of the Board of Educationfrom 1895 to 1898, and was Treasurer of its Finance Committee.

He was Vice-President of the Maritime Exchange in 1894 and1895, President in 1896 and 1897, and for seven years was on its directorate.

Mr. Kelly was made president of The Oriental Bank in an effortto save it shortly before it failed last Winter. He was a directorin the bank at the time of the financial depression, and when thebank was threatened Mr. Kelly took up the task, two or three daysafter his return from Europe, of realizing on the bank’s assets andmeeting the claims against it. He was going along very well whenfresh bank failures caused a run on the Oriental, which led to itssuspension. Attorney-General Jackson had receivers appointed butthey were soon removed by the Court. Full payment to every depositor92was eventually made through an arrangement with theMetropolitan Trust Company, which took over the Oriental Bank’sassets. Mr. Kelly in his desire to keep the bank on its feet whenhe accepted the presidency refused to accept a cent of remuneration,his sole desire being to keep the bank going. The strain underwhich he labored at that time, and the many false rumors whichthose antagonistic to the bank had issued, preyed upon him greatly,and an acute nervous ailment forced him to give up work three weeksbefore his death, which occurred October 30th, 1908, at 3 a. m.

The funeral was held at St. Patrick’s Cathedral on November2d. Archbishop Farley celebrated solemn requiem mass. Someof the other church dignitaries who assisted in the service wereMgr. Lavelle, Mgr. Hayes, Father McCluskey and Father McQuade.

The pall bearers were Joseph Rigney, Michael E. Bannin,Thomas E. Murray, Col. John McAnerney, Richard S. Treacy,James H. Post, President of the National Sugar Refining Company,Joseph W. Foster, Frank Schaffer, Vice-President of Hugh Kelly &Co., Thomas Mulry, President Emigrant Industrial Savings Bankand Myles Tierney, President of the Hudson Trust Company. Theinterment was in Calvary Cemetery.

Mr. Kelly is survived by his widow, three sons and four daughters.

Personally, Mr. Kelly was a quiet, hearty, genial man, easilyapproachable and warm-hearted, seeming to have time for everydemand upon him in spite of his numerous responsibilities, and ahost of friends esteemed him most highly for his ability, integrityand sound judgment. In the business life of New York in whichhe moved, he will be deeply missed.

The following memorial to the late James Jeffrey Roche, Esq.,was also unanimously adopted, and it was voted to send a copythereof to his family:

Mr. Joseph Smith of the Boston Traveler, one of the foundersof the Society, and at the invitation of its officers, presented the followingmemorial to the late Hon. James Jeffrey Roche, LL. D.,which was ordered spread upon the records and a copy thereof sentto the family of Dr. Roche:

James Jeffrey Roche was born in the little Quaker town of Mountmellick in Queen’s County, Ireland, the son of Edward and Mary (Doyle) Roche and was taken while yet an infant of a few weeks, to Prince Edward’s Island, whither his parents emigrated. He grew up in Charlottetown, where his father Edward Roche, an accomplished scholar, conducted a school; and he supplemented thetraining given him by his scholarly father by a course at the JesuitCollege of St. Dunstan’s in Charlottetown, from which he was graduated.Among his college classmates were Chief Justice Sullivanof Prince Edward’s Island and Archbishop O’Brien of Halifax,N. S.

Mr. Roche settled in Boston in 1866 and was engaged in businessthere for some years; but his peculiar gifts and tastes drewhim to journalism and letters; and in 1883 he became one of thestaff of the Pilot, under his brilliant friend John Boyle O’Reilly;and after his death he succeeded to the post of editor-in-chief ofthe paper which he filled with vigor and brilliancy, in full keepingwith the traditions of such predecessors as Thomas D’Arcy Magee,O’Reilly and others. The Pilot was the avowed champion notonly of the Irish people and of their religion, but it stood readyto do battle with persecution, injustice, intolerance and wrong,no matter against what race or creed they were directed; and noindividual paper in the world did better or more effective workfor the men and cause of the Irish race; and under the management94of James Jeffrey Roche, zeal and fidelity to all good causeswere always fortified by sanity and justice and tempered by humor,good temper and a fine inhospitality to passion and demagoguery.

While devoting most of his time and talents to his editorial workand duty, he still found opportunities to turn to the field of lettersof a more enduring character. A writer of virile and picturesqueprose, James Jeffrey Roche will always be best known as a poetwhose verse is marked by beauty, sweetness, lyrical quality and abelle esprit all his own, and ranging in scope from the light, brilliantand witty vers de société to such serious and compelling poemsas his “Babylon.” His “Songs and Satires” is a volume that sparkleswith wit and rapier-like touches. His “Ballads of Blue Water”is a book for American men and patriots, unique and stirring; theballads will live while Americans look back with pride to the deedsof an heroic past; and no American singer has written any betterballads of action than “The Armstrong Privateer,” “The Constitution,”“The Alamo” and other stirring songs. His “Life ofJohn Boyle O’Reilly” was the tribute of a devoted friend and admirerto a man and comrade he loved and labored with, and is abiography whose literary excellence is amazing when we considerthe pressure under which it was written. His other prose workvaried from the brilliant accuracy and gravity of “The Story of theFilibusters” (republished by the Harpers as “The Byways of War”)to those airy medleys of fun and philosophy “Her Majesty theKing” and “The Sorrows of Sap’ed,” which have made the worldlaugh and think.

A close personal friend and admirer of President TheodoreRoosevelt, he was appointed by him American Consul at Genoa,Italy, in 1904, when his health being precarious, a change of workand climate became necessary; and in 1907 the President transferredhim to the capital of Switzerland, Berne, where he lived until thefinal call came to him.

When in 1896 I broached to a few interested friends the projectof establishing an organization which would bring together menof the Irish race interested in gathering and perpetuating the recordof the achievement of that race on this American continent,and preserving it in such form that historians could utilize it and thusensure us our share of the honor and credit of upbuilding the AmericanRepublic, I found him sympathetic and enthusiastic in the matter;95and out of those gatherings and discussions sprang the movementwhich resulted in the foundation of the American Irish HistoricalSociety. James Jeffrey Roche, John Linehan, Hamilton Murrayand I drew up the call, signed it, secured other signatures, calleda meeting at the Revere House, Boston, Mass., 20th January, 1897,and the Society was born. He became one of the members of theExecutive Council and for many years we attended its meetingsand outings until conditions and circ*mstances stopped our attendancewithout attenuating our interest in its progress.

Personally, James Jeffrey Roche was one of the most lovableand charming of men, who carried under a surface of wit and joyousfrivolity a nature whose depth, sincerity, devotion to ideals, capacityfor friendship, passion for freedom, love of race and motherland,high-minded patriotism and loyalty to duty and honor, were understoodonly by those who knew him intimately. He hated all meannessand dishonor; friendship was a sacred thing to him; and hehad that clairvoyant vision of the poet which saw the humbugand pharisee under the skin of the charlatan, when many a reputedlywiser and more sophisticated man accepted the demagogue andpretender at their own valuation.

I knew him for many years; to me he was as my own flesh andblood; I could not love a brother more; and his death was merelythe final chapter in the grief I experienced when he went from Bostonto represent the Republic abroad, in such physical conditionthat I knew I would never look upon his face again in life; and Iknow that in voicing my own sorrow I am but expressing the feelingsof those who were comrades in the past and lovers of him always.He had reached the zenith of his literary powers before heleft the land of his adoption and love forever; and he himselfrealized that his work was done, and that only the official dutiesof his consular position remained to preoccupy him until the finalcall.

Besides a host of friends, he left a wife, a son and a daughter tomourn his passing; and while the idle reader of contemporary literaturemay time and again derive pleasure and profit from his joyouswit, and gentle philosophy, his intimates and brothers in soulwill seldom meet without recalling with a hush and a sigh thefriend and comrade who has passed and who awaits them wherework and worry, sweat and sorrow, are no more forever.

96He was buried in Holyhood Cemetery, Brookline, Mass., withina stone’s throw of the spot where sleep his comrades in the flesh,John Boyle O’Reilly, Thomas J. Gargan and Patrick A. Collins,his grave marked by a handsome granite column adorned with abronze tablet, erected by a group of friends who loved him in lifeand mourn him in death. May he sleep in peace; for no gentler,sweeter spirit was ever added to the company of Heaven than JamesJeffrey Roche.

The following list of applicants for membership in the Societywas read by the secretary-general, and by unanimous vote they wereduly elected members:

John J. Kenney, New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y. (proposedby J. J. Lenehan).

William Gilbert Davies, 32 Nassau Street, New York City (proposedby J. J. Lenehan).

Martin Hughes, Hibbing, Minn, (proposed by Hon. C. D.O’Brien).

Patrick F. McBreen, 404 Munroe Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. (proposedby J. J. Lenehan).

Thomas Murphy, Irvington-on-Hudson, New York (proposed byFrancis J. Quinlan, M. D.).

Dr. Thomas E. Dolan, 250 Elizabeth Avenue, Elizabeth, N. J.(proposed by James L. O’Neil).

Jeremiah D. Leary, 246 Clark Place, Elizabeth, N. J. (proposedby James L. O’Neil).

Rev. Cornelius F. O’Leary, Wellston, St. Louis, Mo. (proposedby Michael J. Jordan).

Frank L. Tooley, D. D. S., 157 East 79th Street, New YorkCity (proposed by J. J. Lenehan).

Martin I. J. Griffin, 1935 North 11th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.(proposed by J. J. Lenehan).

John C. McGuire, Hotel St. George, Brooklyn, N. Y. (proposedby J. J. Lenehan).

Rev. Thomas J. McCarty, 1011 Douglas Street, Sioux City, Iowa(proposed by Bishop P. J. Garrigan).

William J. Delaney, Saratoga Springs, N. Y.

Patrick L. Hughes, 1 Blackstone Street, Boston, Mass.

97Edgar Stanton Maclay, Standard Union, Brooklyn, N. Y. (proposedby Thomas Z. Lee).

Michael W. Norton, Narragansett Hotel, Providence, R. I.

Dr. John P. Reilly, 215 Elizabeth Avenue, Elizabeth, N. J.(proposed by James L. O’Neil).

Joseph F. McLoughlin, attorney-at-law, 2 Rector Street, NewYork City (proposed by T. Vincent Butler).

Peter J. Dufficy, 120 West 59th Street, New York City (proposedby T. Vincent Butler).

Joseph Murray, 1245 Madison Avenue, New York City (proposedby Edmond J. Curry).

Rev. James J. Murphy, Ph. D., 1011 Douglas Street, Sioux City,Iowa (proposed by Bishop P. J. Garrigan).

J. C. Delaney, Department of Factory Inspection, Harrisburg,Pa. (proposed by Francis J. Quinlan, M. D.).

Peter J. Gibbons, M. D., 49 Park Avenue, New York City (proposedby Francis J. Quinlan, M. D.).

Charles J. Perry, World Building, Park Row, New York City(proposed by J. J. Lenehan).

William T. A. Fitzgerald, Court House, Boston, Mass. (proposedby James H. Devlin, Jr.; seconded by Michael J. Jordan).

Edward Hamilton Daly, 54 Wall Street, New York City (proposedby T. Vincent Butler).

John B. White, 121 East 86th Street, New York City (proposedby T. Vincent Butler).

Edward D. Farrell, 158 West 125th Street, New York City (proposedby T. Vincent Butler).

Col. P. J. Nevins, Haverhill, Mass, (proposed by J. J. Lenehan).

William F. Downey, 1622 L Street, Washington, D. C. (proposedby J. J. Lenehan).

Richard J. Donovan, 170 Broadway, New York City (proposedby Francis J. Quinlan, M. D.).

John E. McGuire, Haverhill, Mass, (proposed by Dr. M. F. Sullivan).

Constantine J. McGuire, 120 East 60th Street, New York City(proposed by Francis J. Quinlan, M. D.).

Jeremiah A. O’Leary, 38 Park Row, Manhattan, New York (proposedby John J. Daly).

98Gen. Michael Kerwin, Broadway Central Hotel, New York City(proposed by Francis J. Quinlan, M. D.).

Edward Tingent, 68 Broad Street, Elizabeth, N. J. (proposed byFrancis J. Quinlan, M. D.).

James P. Conway, 296 East 3rd Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. (proposedby John J. Daly).

Leo F. Farrell, 171 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I. (proposedby Francis I. McCanna).

Dennis A. Spellissy, 302 Broadway, New York City (proposedby J. J. Lenehan).

Rev. John Brosnan, Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York (proposedby J. J. Lenehan).

Peter L. Keough, 41 Arch Street, Pawtucket, R. I. (proposed byJohn T. F. MacDonnell).

John E. Murphy, Bretton Hall Hotel, New York City (proposedby John E. O’Brien).

Rev. William A. Keefe, Norwich, Conn. (proposed by Edmond J.Curry).

Michael W. Sullivan, Century Building, Washington, D. C. (proposedby David Healy).

Joseph E. G. Ryan, Chicago Inter Ocean, Chicago, Ill. (proposedby Frank S. Colton).

William Gilshenan, New York City (proposed by T. P. Kelly).

Rev. M. A. McManus, Newark, N. J.

Thomas F. Kilkenny, Providence, R. I. (proposed by M. W. Norton;seconded by John F. O’Connell).

Thomas F. Mulry, president Immigrants’ Savings Bank, Brooklyn,N. Y. (proposed by M. E. Bannin).

Hon. Lawrence P. Lee, Ellis Island, N. Y. (proposed by ThomasZ. Lee).

John Woods, 297 Broadway, South Boston, Mass. (proposed byMichael Maynes; seconded by Michael J. Jordan).

John Howlett, 49 Portland Street, Boston, Mass. (proposed byMichael Maynes; seconded by Michael J. Jordan).

M. J. Sheehy, merchant, Foot 39th Street, New York City (proposedby Henry L. Joyce; seconded by John F. O’Connell).

99James C. Shannon, vice-president David Shannon Company, NewYork City (proposed by Henry L. Joyce; seconded by John F.O’Connell).

William C. Burke, contractor, 143 Liberty Street, New York City(proposed by Henry L. Joyce; seconded by John F. O’Connell).

James F. Mack, attorney-at-law, New York City (proposed byHenry L. Joyce; seconded by John F. O’Connell).

Joseph Rowan, attorney-at-law, New York City (proposed byHenry L. Joyce; seconded by John F. O’Connell).

John L. Murray, 223 West 42d Street, New York City (proposedby M. H. Cox; seconded by Bernard J. Joyce).

Major Thomas F. Lynch, United States Army Building, WhiteheadStreet, New York City (proposed by John J. Daly).

Daniel S. Mahoney, 131 Charles Street and 277 Broadway, NewYork City (proposed by John J. Daly).

Charles B. O’Connor, New York State Construction Company,Broad Street, New York City (proposed by John J. Daly).

Frank T. Molony, 70 Jane Street and 277 Broadway, New YorkCity (proposed by John J. Daly).

Joseph T. Ryan, 149 Broadway, New York City (proposed byHenry L. Joyce).

Patrick J. Haltigan, editor Hibernian, Washington, D. C.

Stephen McFarland, 44 Morton Street, New York City (proposedby John Jay Joyce).

Stephen McPartland, 134 W. 92d Street, New York City (proposedby H. G. Bannon).

Stephen J. McPartland, 391 West End Ave., New York City(proposed by H. G. Bannon).

P. J. Nee, 1341 Girard Street, Washington, D. C.

John J. Buckley, 99 Nassau Street, New York City (proposed byJohn J. Daly).

In addition to the above, Ernest Van D. Murphy, first lieutenant,Twenty-Seventh Infantry, United States Army, Havana, Cuba,was elected a life member of the Society.

100Mr. Michael F. Dooley, Treasurer-General of the Society, presentedthe following report, covering the period from January 28,1908, to January 15, 1909, and the same was adopted by unanimousvote:

A motion was made that the next annual meeting of the Societybe held in New York City, at a time and place to be later appointed,and after some discussion the motion prevailed.

The meeting thereupon adjourned.

The Eleventh Annual Banquet of the American Irish HistoricalSociety took place this evening at 7.30 in the magnificent banquet hallon the tenth floor of the Hotel Raleigh, and over two hundred membersand guests were present. The arrangement of the tables, floraldecorations and candelabra was commendable, and was a great creditto the efforts of the Dinner Committee.

President-General Quinlan presided and acted as toastmaster forthe evening.

With him at the head table were seated: Hon. Edward D.White, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; Hon.Thomas H. Carter, United States Senator from Montana; Hon.Robert J. Gamble, United States Senator from South Dakota; Hon.Joseph A. O’Connell, Congressman from Massachusetts; Hon. WilliamSulzer, Congressman from New York; Hon. John J. Fitzgerald,Congressman from New York; Hon. Michael F. Dooley of RhodeIsland, Treasurer-General; Rear Admiral John McGowan of Washington,former President-General; Mr. Francis I. McCanna ofRhode Island; Hon. John D. Crimmins of New York, former President-General;Hon. Patrick J. McCarthy, Vice-President for RhodeIsland; Hon. Victor J. Dowling, Justice of the Supreme Court ofNew York; Mr. Patrick Carter of Rhode Island; Hon. Edward A.Moseley of Washington, former President-General; Mr. David S.Barry of Washington; Hon. Maurice T. Moloney of Illinois; Rev.M. A. Quirk of Illinois; Mr. Michael H. Cox of Massachusetts;Mr. W. J. O’Hagan, Vice-President for South Carolina; Hon.Thomas B. Fitzpatrick of Massachusetts; Hon. Lawrence O. Murrayof Washington; Mr. Bernard J. Joyce of Massachusetts; Hon. JohnF. O’Connell of Rhode Island; Hon. John Hannan of New York;Mr. Humphrey O’Sullivan of Massachusetts; Rev. Michael A.106McManus of New Jersey; General D. F. Collins of New Jersey;Mr. Michael J. Jordan, Vice-President for Massachusetts; Mr. JohnL. Murray of New York; Mr. Patrick J. Haltigan of Washington;and Mr. Thomas Zanslaur Lee, Secretary-General of the Society.

The press was represented by the following gentlemen: JeromeS. Fanciulli, Associated Press; John Monk, New York Sun; A. P.Arnold, United Press Association; David S. Barry, ProvidenceJournal; J. W. Bathon, Washington Post; Archie Jamieson, WashingtonHerald; James R. Quirk, Washington Times; and W. H.Landvorgt, Washington Star.

Divine blessing was invoked by Rev. Dr. Joshua P. L. Bodfish ofCanton, Mass., after which a flashlight picture of the assemblage wassuccessfully taken by the National Press Association of No. 1423F Street, Washington, for the benefit of those who wished a photographicsouvenir of the occasion.

The menu, which was finely served, was as follows:

107After substantial justice had been done every part of the dinner, thePresident-General asked for attention and said:

“Ladies and Gentlemen, as well as Honored Guests of the AmericanIrish Historical Society: If I feel somewhat overawed, somewhatoppressed, by the consciousness of standing in the place formerly occupiedby a man of such national, nay, international, reputation asthe President-General whom I succeed, all the more is it incumbentupon me on this occasion to take my duty very seriously, and endeavorto discuss with the sobriety and earnestness appropriate to one ofmy profession the aims which this organization has in view, and thethings to be sought after or avoided in prosecuting those aims.

“Let me call your attention, particularly the attention of the manynew acquisitions whom I am so happy to see here tonight, to the fivewords which form the motto upon our corporate seal: ‘That theworld may know.’ The interpretation put upon that legend by anotherformer President-General, Thomas J. Gargan, of whom I mustspeak later on, was this: ‘To place the Irish element in its truelight in American history.’ It is not necessary to warn you, at thisstage of our existence as a body, that the American Irish HistoricalSociety does not live either to pick holes in the coats of others orto trail its own coat over the sod by way of challenge. Rather, Imay say, the purpose of our organization is defensive; to employ thearmory of historical truth in vindicating for men of Irish blood thatplace in American history of which it has been defrauded either wilfullyor through ignorance. Many causes have contributed to createmisrepresentation on the one hand and honest misconception onthe other. We need not discuss these causes in detail just at present.I am here to deliver a general address and not a special lecturein history. But we all know, and every well-informed American isaware, that the ignorant and the vulgar not so very long ago hadbut two well-defined ideas about Irishmen: One, that they worered whiskers and carried hods; the other, that they loved a fight.The former of these errors we strive to dissipate—and I think wehave succeeded notably—by the very fact of the Society’s existenceand by the publication of the annual journal with its roster of membership.As to the latter, we are not, I fear, in a position to deny itwithout some reserve. It may, however, be fairly claimed that thisSociety has already done much to proclaim its sympathy with the arts108of peace in electing a member of my profession to be the immediatesuccessor of such a man as Admiral McGowan.

“So far to establish what I take to be the solid reasons which justifythe existence of such a society as ours. Now let me call yourattention to an absolutely indispensable condition of our success inthe future, as it has been, I think, one great factor of our success inthe past. It is our aim to make better known the Irish pages ofAmerican history. These pages do not refer, let us remember, toany one section, type, class or creed of Irish-descended Americans,but to all without discrimination. And this function of our Societyevidently will never be, could never have been, effectively dischargedwithout a hearty collective effort to sink all differences of religiousbelief and of political connections. We must continue to act,within our own body and in pursuit of our common object, independentlyof those sectional, religious or political ties which bind usindividually as loyal citizens and as sincere Christians. From thedays of Brian Boru and of Dermot McMorough down to our owntime we know that that little isle where grows the ‘chosen leaf ofbard and chief’ has been a prey to the invader only because the invaderknew how to foment dissension among its native sons. Gentlemen,this essential quality of our organization is both forcibly andhappily borne in upon us in these days when we hear that the landof our fathers is at last beginning to assert its power as a politicalunit by realizing that very idea of being ‘Irish first,’ that idea ofnational unity, her neglect of which has been the comfort of herenemies in times past.

“Their proneness to dissension has been more or less facetiouslyaccounted for by the theory that the Irish are a nervously high-strungrace, who find a pleasant counter-irritant in the ‘man-enoblingconflict.’ It has been said that an Irishman would rather fight anotherIrishman than a man of alien race, simply because he recognizesin an antagonist of his own blood the most promising opportunityof a truly exciting battle.

“The memory is still fresh upon me of that important event atwhich I had the honor of assisting on the 16th of last month, the unveilingof the beautiful tablet placed in the State House at Providence,Rhode Island, to the glorious memory of Major-GeneralJohn Sullivan of Revolutionary fame. We all know that thissplendid and public-spirited memorial is one of the achievements of109the past year on which our Society has reason to congratulate itself.Let the still fresh memory of that proud occasion be my excuse fordwelling at such great length upon the warlike qualities of the Irishrace. For these qualities, in truth, are quite generally admitted byboth friends and enemies. Our more pressing call, it seems, is to emphasizethe achievements of the Irish race in peace. After listeningto those eloquent tributes in the Providence State House fromthe lips of Governor Higgins, Ex-Governor Lippitt and others, itwas borne in upon me how easily a public man’s peaceful achievementsmay be eclipsed by his military exploits. John Sullivan was,as our tablet records, a statesman of distinction; as a jurist he lefthis mark upon the legal history of New Hampshire, and yet it isalmost exclusively as the patriot soldier that he lives today in thepopular mind.

“Another hero of the American Revolution whose memory we musttonight recall with especial satisfaction was Commodore John Barry.We have the right, gentlemen, and I think that we should insist uponit strenuously in these days, to call Barry the Irish father of thatsplendid American navy of which we are all so justly proud. Andit is matter for congratulation that, since our last annual meeting,and largely through our own organized efforts, historical justice isnow at last to be done to the man who was a commissioned Captainin the American navy when Paul Jones was only a Lieutenant. Aprominent site has been officially chosen for a statue of Barry at thenational capitol, and we have every reason to hope that the work willbe executed by some sculptor of great repute of Irish descent.

“But, proud as we must all feel of Irish services to the Republic‘on the decks of fame’ and on many a stricken field, is it not ratherour duty as an organization to shed the light of history upon Irishservices in the council chamber and the law court, in science andscholarship, and the fine arts? In the retrospect of the year that isgone, what Irish-descended American can fail to thrill with pride atthe spectacle of that distinguished and at the same time enthusiasticassembly which paid honor to the memory of Augustus St. Gaudens,a native of Dublin, and the foremost American sculptor of our ownday?

“And in this retrospect we have to include at least one example ofthe type of Irish descendant which rises to eminence in the peacefulprofessions in our late-lamented and highly-respected President-General,110Thomas J. Gargan, whose obsequies in Boston last fall werethe occasion of so impressive a manifestation of civic gratitude andesteem. Surely his life was in itself a powerful effort to ‘place theIrish element in its true light in American history.’ Eminent in thelegal profession in a community where the standards of that professionare especially high, he also gave to the state of Massachusettsas a trusted official such services as were duly acknowledged by thepresence in his funeral cortege of the Mayor of Boston, the presentand past Governors of Massachusetts, and an immense multitude ofcitizens. And if this great lawyer’s career brilliantly illustrated thetruth that the Irish race excel in other things besides fighting I mustnot pass over in silence that other departed fellow-member, MajorJohn Crane of New York, a man whose career was illustrious bothin war and in peace, a citizen who first turned his back upon commercialsuccess in order to take up arms for what he considered thecause of the Republic, and then, when he had won glory for himselfin four years of active military service, returned to the peaceful pursuitsof commerce to achieve a place among the leading merchants ofNew York, and at last to dispense his honorably-acquired wealthand to apply his talents and his time in the charitable relief of povertyand suffering.

“I have purposely left to the end of this retrospect my sincere tributeto the memory of that man whose death, coming in the intervalsince our last annual meeting, has been a peculiar loss to us as abody. In addressing you two years ago, my distinguished predecessor,Admiral McGowan, said, referring to our then Secretary,Thomas Hamilton Murray: ‘A competent secretary is a pricelesspossession for any society, and we have been especially fortunate inthis respect.’ The distinguished Admiral was speaking in the presenceof Mr. Murray when he uttered those words. What may we notadd now that death has removed the restraints imposed in such circ*mstancesby modesty and good taste. Thomas Hamilton Murraywas indeed a man to whom the American Irish will forever owe adebt of gratitude for his work along that line which we, as a society,have especially taken for our own. He was a journalist by profession,an ornament, I may say, to American journalism, as so manygood American Irish have been; and before this Society had comeinto existence he had already anticipated its aims, by rendering outof his own initiative and his own exertions no insignificant servicetoward placing the Irish element in its true light in American history.From its very inauguration our Society was aware that noother man in all the length and breadth of this country could haveheld his position with so much advantage to the cause which we haveat heart. To say nothing of that which many of us must feel in theremoval of a dear friend, the Society cannot but be conscious of thecalamity it has sustained in the loss of this truly ‘priceless possession’to whom our rapid success in the past has been so largely due.

111“In the year that has passed our Society has singularly sufferedfrom the loss of many of its ardent and enthusiastic workers. Thesepioneers of our organization have been summoned from our midst,but the heritage they have left is beyond measure or computation.Their memory will always be fragrant with the sweetness of theirlives, and, whilst we chant their requiem, may they enjoy the hosannasthat are sung for them in their happier abode.

“Coming now to the actual aspect of our life as an organization,we may congratulate ourselves, I rejoice to say, upon a thoroughlysound and vigorous condition. Most especially would I single outfor mention the astonishing success of our new membership committee.That committee, under the chairmanship of Mr. John J. Linehan,was appointed in New York City, I need hardly remind you,scarcely two months ago, with the object of promoting the numericalincrease of our membership, while of course taking due care that itsquality should not fall below the standard which we had thus farmaintained. So zealously and efficiently has the work of the committeebeen done, so just and cordial has been the appreciation of theSociety’s aims, that within one month 125 new and good names wereadded to our roster, and the total increment, I believe, since the appointmentof the committee, amounts at the present moment to somethingover 200. I am sure that we all heartily welcome these newrecruits, and in voicing that welcome let me express the hope thatevery man of the new squad intends to do his utmost for the furtheranceof our great aims.

“To do this, gentlemen, no mere machine action of the Societywill be adequate. Our work is, remember, a work of enlightenment,therefore a work dealing with the intellect of our times and ourcountry, and not to be accomplished without intellectual exertion.Now while societies, academies and universities have their immensevalue as a directive and unifying apparatus, the intellectual forces112which operate under their control must of necessity be individual.To be effectual all effort must be controlled by system, but the mostperfect system without an abundance of individual effort must be likean elaborately-constructed piece of artillery without a sufficient supplyof ammunition.

“Our system has now been elaborated by the inauguration of theRecorder, to be published at stated periods and which will serve asa vehicle for such notices on topics of American Irish history as thezeal and enterprise of individual members may prompt. It is confidentiallyhoped that the supply of such material will be both abundantand rich in quality, and that our Recorder will become in itselfa valuable magazine of information in those lines of research whichare the Society’s special province.

“Let me even urge on members the advantage to our cause thatwould be attained if every one of us will make a point of forwardingto the Secretary-General, Judge Lee, who has assumed, in additionto the many exacting duties of his present office, that of editor ofour Recorder, any newspaper clippings or other material concerningcontemporary happenings relating to our work.

“Finally, gentlemen, it is in no perfunctory spirit that I here publiclyrender thanks to the members of our official staff, without whosezealous coöperation our year could not have been brought to the happyand glorious conclusion in which we rejoice tonight. Since thedeath of our beloved Secretary-General six months ago JudgeThomas Z. Lee of Rhode Island has fulfilled in large measure thecolossal duties of that office, and to whom the Society owes morethan mere words of thanks. With him I associate in my heartfeltgratitude our esteemed and respected Treasurer-General, Mr.Michael F. Dooley, whose devotion to our work and our interests hasbeen, I may say without exaggeration, heroic. And, gentlemen, Imust not conclude without expressing in both my own behalf andthat of the Society as a whole those thanks which are fairly due tothe various committees who have so successfully carried out the workof organizing this meeting. I hold that the manner in which thatlabor of love has been performed has been in itself a very positivedemonstration of the faculty of concerted action which belongs toour race, at least on this side of the Atlantic, if not everywhere andalways. And now I conclude with my personal thanks to all whoare here tonight, especially the ladies, who have given a fine atmosphere113to this occasion and without whose hearty and sympatheticcountenances our gathering could not have been, as I am confident itwill be, a memorable one in the history of the American Irish HistoricalSociety.”

Hon. Patrick J. McCarthy: “Rhode Island proposes threecheers for the ladies.”

This suggestion met with a hearty response, and was quicklyfollowed by similar proposals from representatives of Boston andNew York.

President-General Quinlan: The first toast on the programis “The President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt.”

This was drunk standing and was followed by three ringing cheers.The orchestra then played “The Star Spangled Banner,” which wassung by the assemblage.

President-General Quinlan: We will now turn to the seriousaspect of this page in our history. This evening we are especiallyhonored, ladies and gentlemen, by having at this table one of themost distinguished men, not only in the United States, but in theworld. Without further ado, without further expression, because it islike carrying coals to Newcastle, I will go on and introduce to youHon. Edward D. White, Justice of the Supreme Court of the UnitedStates of America.

Mr. Justice White was greeted with hearty applause and cheeringas he arose, and, after order was restored, he spoke as follows:

“Mr. President-General, Gentlemen of the American Irish HistoricalSociety, Ladies and Gentlemen: When the privilege was extendedto me of coming here tonight there was also a request whichwas by me declined, to respond to one of the set toasts. This wasdone because it has been my wont since taking up judicial duty inWashington to eschew as far as I could public speech-making, becausethe thought has always been mine that if public speech-makingwere indulged in, even occasionally, the habit might grow and thusI might become what it seems to me is an abomination—a too loquaciousand indiscreet speech-making judge. Strange as it mayseem to any of you who have had to go over ponderous judicial opinions,the result of judicial work is to cause one to hesitate about words.They come to the one who does such work to be things which maybe productive of great wrong if misused or misapplied. True asthis is as to judicial work generally, it is more so when the character114of that work in our own country is considered. Under our systemjudicial duty is not confined to the settlement of controversies betweenmen. It is more extensive, since it controls man in his relationsto government and the relations of government to the individual.It involves the power to limit government itself, sinceupon it is cast the ultimate duty to maintain the Constitution andapply its limitations. It, therefore, in a sense not only restrainsboth the national and State governments, but regulates their relationsone to the other. From this all-embracing extent of thejudicial authority it must be apparent that in our own countrymuch more than in any other the discharge of judicial dutyinvolves the dealing with subjects of the most acute public concern,where passion and political agitation are flagrant. When thesethings are considered it is certain that the performance of the judicialfunction in our country—to paraphrase the words of the Romans—involvesthe science of all things human and divine, theknowledge of all things good and evil.

“With these thoughts in my mind I stand up upon the generoussolicitation of your President and look into your kindly faces andform the purpose to say a few words concerning your and my dutyto preserve the institutions of government with which we are blest,and with the thought comes the admonition that I must be circ*mspectand say nothing which ought not to be said. Indeed, as I speak,there comes unbidden to my mind that beautiful prayer of the Catholicl*turgy where the Priest, as he approaches the Gospel, invokesthe aid of Almighty God to cleanse his mouth as with a living coalin order that his lips may be worthy to syllable the inspired subjectwhich he is about to approach.

“Before I say anything further, however, let me briefly establishmy right to be among you tonight upon a more intimate basis thanthat of a mere guest. This can hardly be done because of my beingan Irish American, for I am only of Irish blood on my father’s sidein the fourth generation. But my right to be one of you from anotherpoint of view is quite apparent. In the state in which I wasborn there lived an Irish American bearing the name of White. Ata public dinner—I do not believe it was an Irish American affair—hesat near one whose name was O’Rourke. Leaning over to him hesaid: ‘Mr. O’Rourke, what countryman are you?’ ‘What countryman?’said O’Rourke. ‘I am an Irishman. Why do you ask me?’115‘Because I thought from your name you might be a Frenchman,’ wasthe reply. Quick came the retort: ‘That is more than I can thinkof you, for I can kick a White out of every sod in Ireland.’

“But there is a deeper claim than mere name on my part to be oneof you, since going back over my whole life from the time when I satas a boy learning to read out of a primer, down to this night, I canlook back to nothing of joy or sorrow, of success or failure, wheresome Irish American friend did not stand near me aiding in therealization or accomplishment of the one or sustaining and supportingin submission to the other.

“When the French Republic was born some one asked a greatFrench orator to prove its existence. He said: ‘The Republic islike the sun; blind is he who sees it not.’ And so tonight I shall notattempt to recount the many and priceless services from the daysof the Revolution to this time which the Irish American has renderedto the upbuilding of this great and free country which we possessand enjoy. Why should this be done, since their services shine downthe pathway of our national life with an effulgence so bright thatblind indeed must he be who sees them not.

“The question which I ask myself, therefore, is not the superfluousone of what the Irish Americans have done for our country, but whatthey owe it. By what means were they enabled to render the greatservices which they have rendered? The answer is clear. Theirpossibilities arose from the wise, the free institutions which our forefathersfounded and under the shelter of which the Irish Americanswere enabled here to seek a haven and to establish their new homes,thus affording them the opportunity of rendering the services whichthey have rendered to the expansion and preservation of our institutions.

“This being true, I ask myself the question, and I ask of each oneof you, how best can we honor them? How best can we show ourappreciation of the great work which they have done? The answercomes spontaneously to the mind: By preserving and perpetuatingthose institutions which have blessed them so much and which theyhave in return so helped to establish and preserve.

“As I look, Mr. President, at present conditions in our country,there are indications to my mind of great danger to our institutions.It seems to me I observe a tendency in the minds of the people toforget how vital to their perpetuation is the preservation of all the116wise limitations which our forefathers ordained. It seems to methat there is a growing forgetfulness of the fact that the libertywhich our fathers founded was not license but a liberty restrained bylaw; that the government which they established was one of limitedpowers and divided authority, national and local, each fulfilling theirseparate functions and each intended to move in their allotted spherelike the orbs of the Sidereal universe, thus securing the plenitudeof local rights whilst at the same time obtaining national power andauthority, not unlimited, but confined to its allotted orbit.

“I say that it seems to me there is a tendency to forget thesethings because it is observable at the present time that wherever anevil obtains which needs remedying the tendency of the public mindis to attribute the evil, not to a mistaken administration, but to theexistence of some one of those great safeguards upon the preservationof which our institutions depend. So also it seems to me it is observablethat there is a great tendency in the public mind, whenever it isdeemed that a wrong requires remedy, to grow restive under the restraintsimposed by constitutional limitations, to regard them as antiquatedor obsolete, and thus seek to redress the wrong without regardto those limitations, forgetful of the great truth that whatevermay be the temporary good to be accomplished by a disregard of thefundamental limitations of our Constitution, such good is insignificantin comparison with the untold harm which must result fromoverthrowing the very foundations upon which our government restsand by the adhering to which alone it can endure.

“Again, it seems to me that this tendency in the mind of the peoplegenerally finds manifestation in the exertion of the powers of government.There seems to me to be a growing tendency to chafe atthe limitations on power which the Constitution imposes; to seek toaccomplish some temporary good by means deemed to be the most direct,wholly without reference to the question whether the resort tosuch means will conflict with or set at naught those essential limitationsupon power which the Constitution was expressly adopted tosecure.

“With this danger confronting us may I not say that if we wouldhonor and reverence the memory of the Irish Americans who havedone so much for the upbuilding of our institutions, that we may bestdo it by seeing to it that the institutions which they have helped tobuild up shall be preserved in all of their integrity. Ah, then, ifwe would perform the duty of honoring those who have gone before,let us each and all fix in our hearts the enduring purpose to see toit that these evil tendencies are corrected and thereby renew and revivifyour resolution to preserve and perpetuate our institutions.

117“With this in mind, before I take my seat let me propose to youa toast: ‘The Irish American of today, and the Irish American tocome. May they honor and reverence the memory of their forerunnersby bringing the splendor of their courage, the generosity oftheir devotion and the keenness of their intellect to the perpetuationof the government which the fathers founded, embodying, asit does, liberty restrained from license, government, both national andlocal, with limited and defined powers in the continued existence ofwhich our future of peace and prosperity are bound up and in whoseperpetuation the hopes of all mankind who value true liberty are sointimately involved.’”

Mr. Justice White’s eloquent and graceful address received theclosest attention, and great applause and cheering followed the stirringtoast at the end.

President-General Quinlan: “Ladies and Gentlemen, sometime ago I was present at an entertainment where the orator ofthe occasion bore an international reputation. The chairman ofthe evening took an hour and a quarter to introduce the gentleman,but his speech lasted only a quarter of an hour. Now I could takean hour and a half to introduce the next speaker to you, but I willjust announce his name, the Hon. Victor J. Dowling, Justice of theSupreme Court of the State of New York, who will respond to thetoast “Irish Pioneers in New York.””

Judge Dowling said:

“While we know that an Irishman was in Columbus’ crew on hisfirst voyage to the New World, we have no means of ascertainingwhether any of his countrymen were on the ships of either Verrazano,Gomez or Hudson, upon the first three occasions when theBay of New York was seen by Europeans. The mystery whichhas enveloped the early life of Hudson and which shrouded hisend surrounds as well many of the details of his memorablecruise. We do know that besides the captain there were but twoaboard that vessel out of its total equipment of from sixteen totwenty men who spoke English—Robert Juet of Limehouse, England,118the captain’s clerk, who kept the journal of the voyage, andone John Colman, a sailor, referred to as an Englishman by Juet,but who may have been of Irish descent. He was evidently an experiencedseafaring man and a follower of Hudson’s, for in the firstknown reference to the latter, which is the record of his voyage ofdiscovery for the Muscovy Company, April 19, 1607, in search of apassage by way of the North Pole to Japan and China, Colman wasone of the sailors. As Hudson passed the Highlands of NavesinkSeptember 1, 1609, and entered the lower bay, he was so impressedwith its beauty that he described it as ‘a very good land to fall inwith, and a pleasant land to see.’ On September 6 a boat’s crew wasdispatched from the ship and, entering and passing the Narrows, beheldthe first view of Manhattan Island. The land encircling thebay was covered with trees, grass and flowers and the air was filledwith delightful fragrance. On their return the crew were attackedby Indians in two canoes, and John Colman was killed by an arrowpiercing his throat—the first blood offering to the approaching civilizationwhich was to revolutionize the hitherto peaceful scene.

“While the Dutch occupation of New Amsterdam continued, wefind no positive traces of Irish names or inhabitants, save in two instances.One is the mention of the Irishman from Virginia whowent to confession to Father Jogues in 1643, while the latter wastemporarily sojourning in the town after his rescue by the Dutchfrom the hands of the Indians, and who advised the latter of thepresence of Jesuit fathers in Virginia. The other is the name, severaltimes appearing, of ‘Thomas, the Irishman,’ concerning whom Ihave been able to collect many scattered items. His real name wasThomas Lewis, although he is to be found referred to at varioustimes as ‘Thomas, the Irishman,’ ‘the Irishman,’ and Lodewycksen orLodewycksz, as well as by his proper name. He was the captain ofone of Director Stuyvesant’s war yachts, which served for a dispatch-boatas well.

“His was an interesting career, and I am glad to be able to presentsome of its salient features, which may enjoy at least the merits ofnovelty. He was born in Belfast, and becoming involved in theCromwellian wars, his family was dispersed, his two sisters first flyingto Holland for refuge, where they afterwards died. They werefollowed by Lewis, who upon their death applied to the West IndiaCompany at Amsterdam and was by them sent to New York.119In the Directors’ letter to Director Stuyvesant and his Council (June14, 1656), they notify the latter: ‘In the ship Blauwe Duiff (BlueDove) goes also over Thomas Lodewicksen, carpenter, for whom theCompany, too, paid the fare, on condition of his remaining in NewNetherland for three years, or if he leave before he must refund thepassage money to you in Holland coin or its equivalent.’ TheBlauwe Duiff arrived here September 5, 1656. Lewis appears tohave gone to Albany (then Fort Orange) for in 1658 he was in partnershipthere with Reynier Wisselpennigh as carpenters and buildersand they sued the local church for 270 guilders for building the‘Doop-huysie’ (baptistry) and received the full amount. In 1661his partner and he had differences over the cost of fitting out a sloopthey were building. He must have come to New Amsterdamshortly thereafter, as the court records here show. In the meantimehe had married, in Fort Orange, Geesje Barents.

“On October 17, 1662, Reiner Wisselpenninck brought suit against‘Tomas, the Irishman’ in the Mayor’s Court at the City Hall, to recovera balance of six beavers due for a half-interest in a bark, andtwo beavers for a barrel of tar. Defendant counterclaimed andplaintiff had judgment for three beavers only. On May 29, 1663,certain tobacco contained in the bark of ‘Thomas, the Irishman’ andbelonging to Samuel Etsal was attached in a suit against the latter.Hendrick Zanzen Smith sued Gysbert Frerickzen October 2, 1663,and in that action an attachment was levied on moneys belonging todefendant in the hands of ‘Thomas, the Irishman.’

“In June, 1663, Director Stuyvesant sailed from Manhattan toWildwyck (Kingston) on Lewis’ yacht, and on the 15th of themonth while lying in the ‘Long Reach’ (North River) he sent amessage to the magistrates at Fort Orange, in the course of whichhe noted ‘this is written in haste on board of the Irishman’s yacht.’

“In the correspondence between Director Stuyvesant and CaptainCregier at the Esopus and in the minutes of the government of thelatter reference is made five times in 1663 to the arrival of Lewisat ‘the redoubt’ at Esopus from Manhattan; on August 5th, on September1st (when he and Claesje Hoorn came in their yachts) and onSeptember 17th, 19th and 21st. On all these occasions he is referredto as ‘Thomas, the Irishman.’ In an order of the Council, August29, 1663, Tomos Lodewyck and Claes Lock were ordered to await120orders from Captain Cregier before the Redoubt (Roudont). Thiswas during the Indian war in the Esopus.

“Thomas Lewis was an active and successful man, and in additionto being a ship-owner and pilot was evidently engaged in tradeand in the sale of liquor. He first figured in the Mayor’s CourtFebruary 5, 1667, when he was sued by John Danrell, and the matterwas referred to arbitrators. On the 7th of the same month hecontributed eight beaver skins to the support of the minister. Hewas engaged in a long controversy with Simon Turcq in 1668 over230 planks, which he claimed to have theretofore paid, and out ofwhich rose a suit against Poulus Leenderson for ninety of thesame boards. In 1669 he was sued by Warner Wessels, the cityfarmer, for taking into his house ’1 hogshead of rum and 3 anckersof stilled waters’ without accounting therefor. This suit he won.But he lost an action brought by Hendrick Obe to recover f.79.5 inwampum for the excise duties on some wine and beer. At a Councilmeeting held at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, November 7, 1671,it was ordered that no corn or provision be transported out of theDelaware River except what was then aboard the sloop of ThomasLewis, then in the river, for which he was given a special license.In 1672 he sued William Waldron for borrowing his boat without hisconsent, and then setting it adrift, when it was thereafter found byJohn Benneco at Staten Island, who demanded salvage. The defendantwas mulcted in the salvage and was directed to turn the boatover to the owner, who was to send his boy to the island to take possessionof it. At a council held at Fort James January 27, 1673,permission was given to all vessels from this point to go up the DelawareRiver above New Castle, upon producing the Governor’s certificatein consequence of a complaint concerning Capt. Lewis’ sloop.During the Dutch re-occupation of the city, when war again threatened,we find in the ‘Records of New Amsterdam’ ‘that the Schout,Burgomasters and Schepens being assembled “Collegialiter” in theCity Hall of New Orange March 10, 1674, they sent for the skippersand barquers of the city, when they were notified of the GovernorGeneral’s order that no more than two sloops shall go at onceto Willemstadt and Esopus, and one to the South river, and thatthey sail alternately to be determined by lot; also that no passengersbe conveyed without passports.’ Whereupon the skippers making121known in turn their views, ‘Thomas Lewis is satisfied with what theGovernor and Council decree.’

“We find records of trips made by him to Virginia, Boston, RhodeIsland and the Delaware (South) River from 1665 to 1669, carryingmerchandise of all kinds. September 26, 1671, Governor Lovelacepromises ‘Mr. Tom’ at the Delaware to send him informationby Peter Alrick ‘who tomorrow will embark in Tom the Irishman’syacht.’ In 1675, he was appointed to make a calculation of the expensefor building a new church in conjunction with Adolph Pietersand Abraham Jansen. We find that in 1678 he owned a sloopcalled the Katharine.

“In a list of the richest inhabitants of New York made February19, 1674, Thomas Lewis is credited with the possession of propertyvalued at 6,000 florins, Holland currency, only sixteen appearingtherein as being wealthier. At the time of the English occupationhe owned real estate on the west side of Pearl Street betweenWall and William streets, then known as the Water Side,then valued at $10,000; also on the South Street (now William) betweenHanover Square and Wall Street.

“From the records of the baptisms in the Dutch church we learnthat he had eight children, named, respectively, Barent, Cornelia,Leendert, Catharina, Cornelia, Thomas, Cornelis and Rachel. AnthonyBrockholst was one of the witnesses at the baptism of the lastnamed in 1678. The descendants of Barent, Leendert (or Leonard)and Thomas are scattered throughout the Hudson Valley, and thefamily name appears at various times in the records as Lenwis, Leuis,Lieuwens, Lieuwes, Lieuwis, Lievens, Lievenszen, Lieuens, Liewensen,Liewes, and Liewis. In the New York Genealogical and BiographicalRecord (Volume XXXIV) the date of Thomas Lewis’death is given as September 24, 1684, and his age as 56. His willwas admitted to probate under Governor Dougan, April 1, 1686, andletters testamentary were issued to his wife Geesie Lewis. She thenlived with her daughter Catharine along the Strand (Lang Strant)and they were members of the Dutch church. Her sons then livingwere Barent, Thomas and Leonard, with the eldest Lodiwick (apparentlyborn at Fort Orange) who at the time of his father’s deathwas living with Lewis Thomson at Belfast, and thereupon returnedto New York, where he died without issue.

“But there are some names of merchants doing business here from1221643 to 1647 which, if not English, must be Irish, and while thepresent ascertainment of their exact nationality seems hopeless, yetcareful research might still enroll them in the honor roll of Irishpioneers. These were Rev. Francis Doughty, the English minister,residing in Pearl Street, between Whitehall and State streets, who onMarch 28, 1647, received a grant of 6,666 (Dutch) acres of land atMespath (Newtown patent); Robert Butler, residing on the samestreet, between Stone and Bridge streets; Michael Pickett, residingon Broad Street, near Beaver; and Thomas Sanderson, residingon Beaver Street, who received grants of land on this island July13, 1643, October 25, 1653, and September 14, 1665.

“There was a Jan Patrickx or John Patrick here in 1653 and aJames Code or Cody in 1658. Thomas Higgins was sued for valueof 275 pieces of firewood on November 20, 1661, and by ThomasHall for the return of a saw January 31, 1662.

“Among the names of those to whom grants of land under theDutch occupancy were made were Thomas Hall, Thomas Chambersand George Holmes, each receiving more than one grant; the firsttwo took the oath of allegiance to the English authorities betweenOctober 21 and 26, 1664.

“The English capture of New Amsterdam in 1664 did not, so faras we have any records, lead to any influx of Irish settlers here. Sonovel was their coming that we find reference made as a remarkablefact to the presence of the person, unnamed, who is supposed tohave been the first direct Irish immigrant to New York, being anIrish girl, a servant in the household of Isaac Allerton, a well-knownEnglish tobacco merchant, and who was working therein in 1665,shortly after the English occupation. Little could she have dreamt ofthe host of her sister voyagers who brought to this country the spiritof devotion, of self-sacrifice, of faithful discharge of duty, which ultimatelyforced itself upon the grudgingly-given attention of thecommunity and admiration for which as well as for the tendernessand purity of the women of the Irish race was the most potent forcein tearing down the wall of hostility and hatred which intoleranceand ignorance had reared in the way of the progress of the Irishmenin this country towards recognition, equality and success.

123“Patrick Hayes must have been a resident of the city for someyears. He apparently came from the colony of Maryland. We finda record of his service as a juryman in the Mayor’s Court on manyoccasions during the year 1666. He evidently was a tapster andhotel-keeper, for he had controversy with the excise in 1667. Hemust have been engaged in general business as well, for in suits betweenthird parties moneys were attached in his hands in 1667 andhe sued various parties for goods sold in 1667 and 1668. In twoof these cases Thomas Carr was a joint plaintiff. In the action ofWilliam Urgent against John Ashman for slander, June 2, 1668, hewas a witness to prove his knowledge of the plaintiff as a freemanin the province of Maryland. John Daaly was a plaintiff in twosuits in the Mayor’s Court in 1670. John Quigly figures as aplaintiff in the Mayor’s Court against Ralph Huddison August 15,1671, when he sued successfully to recover £16, 10 sh., for earthenwaresold. He served as a juror in the same month, and was oneof the arbitrators appointed in the suit of Samuel Bach and DavidGomer against the Ketch Betty (attached). Dennis McKarty suedThomas Edwards, master of the Ketch ‘Society’ in the Mayor’sCourt October 24, 1671, to recover £5 for cutting and chipping logwood,and recovered judgment. He was himself sued by SamuelHall November 14, 1671. Thomas Griffin was one of the publiccartmen of the city February 13, 1672.

“During the intervening years, until the Dutch re-occupation in1673, when its name was changed to New Orange, the city saw butfew Irish faces and the list of the burghers contains no Irish names.Upon the re-cession of the city to England in 1674, when Englishrule became an assured fact, it is reasonable to suppose that someIrish arrivals must have been noted. Yet we can only surmise thatfrom the names as we afterwards find them on the rolls. So, in1674, Andrew Clare is recorded as owning land on Pearl Street, betweenWhitehall and State streets; in 1677, we note as residing here,William Walsh; in 1680, Abraham Corbett, a distiller, residing onBroadway near Exchange Place, and William Cox, flour merchant,residing on Hanover Square; in 1691, Lawrence Reade; in 1695,John Morris and Peter Matthews; in 1698, William Morris; in1702, Thomas Flynn, surgeon, and Patrick Crawford; in 1703,John Barr, Thomas Carroll, Richard Flemming, Bartholomew Hart,Henry Mooney and Peter Moran; in 1708, Anthony Lynch; in 1710,Thomas Kearney; in 1711, James Maxwell. All these were freemen.In 1696, the then Governor Fletcher returned to the homeauthorities a list of eleven Irish Catholics residing in the city, none124of whom was a burgher nor a landowner. Captain Evans, of theRichmond frigate, who was here with the Governor, was the son ofan Irish shoemaker.

“It is significant that we first begin to notice Irish names afterthe administration of Governor Dongan had commenced. The commandingposition held by an Irishman for the first time in Colonialhistory must have attracted to this colony many of his less favoredcompatriots, who found here not only a haven of refuge where theycould practise their religion, but a favored spot where under his enlightenedsway the hope of entire civil liberty was near realization.The life and services of Thomas Dongan have never received theirjust recognition at the hands of historians, nor do we realize the debt,which, as citizens of a great city, we owe this man whose conceptionsof liberty were far in advance of his time. At the risk of tritenessI cannot forbear epitomizing his career, for it is that of the firstIrishman who not only figured prominently in the city’s history,but, as well, moulded its future and made it possible of achievement.Thomas Dongan, second Earl of Limerick, was born in 1634 atCastletown, County Kildare, Ireland, the youngest of the three sonsof Sir John Dongan, Baronet. His mother was a sister of RichardTalbot, Earl of Tyrconnel and Lieutenant-Governor of Ireland.The family removed to France after the execution of Charles I,when Dongan entered the army and was commissioned by LouisXIV, in an Irish regiment, where he rose by degrees to the rank ofColonel. Returning to England after the Restoration, after decliningan offer of preferment in the French Army, he was commissionedand an annual pension of five hundred pounds given him. Inthe same year, 1678, he was sent as Lieutenant-Governor to Tangierunder Lord Inchiquin, where he served for two years, returningto London to spend the life of a man of society and a favoriteat Court. Through the influence of the Duke of York he was madeGovernor of the Province of New York, his jurisdiction includingparts of Maine besides Long Island, Martha’s Vineyard, Nantucketand all the land from the Connecticut River to Delaware Bay. Hewas also commissioned Vice-Admiral. Arriving in New YorkAugust 25, 1683, from Nantasket, he had on the way hither promisedthe inhabitants of the easterly end of Long Island that ‘no lawsor rates for the future should be imposed but by a General Assembly’—buta slight foretaste of what he was really to accomplish.125The population of the city was then less than four thousand and itextended from the Bay to the entrenchments along Wall Street.From the Collect Pond (the site of the Tombs) to the northwesttowards the North River extended a marsh of seventy acres. Fromthe Bouweries to Harlem there stretched a wood haunted by bearsand wolves, and within the city walls themselves bear hunts tookplace in the orchards, one located between Cedar Street and MaidenLane. Under his rule, general hunts were held to exterminate wolvesfrom the city. The inhabitants were largely Dutch, but there weremany French Huguenots and some few English. In this ratherprimitive community, great things were about to be done for liberty.Pursuant to his instructions from the Duke, Dongan ordered an electionof a ‘General Assembly of all the freeholders by the personswhom they shall choose to represent them,’ in order to consider withthe Governor and Council ‘what laws are fit and necessary to bemade and established for the good weal and government of the saidcolony and its dependencies and all the inhabitants thereof,’ withfull liberty of consultation and debate among the members. Alllaws passed were to be subject to the veto of the Governor, and ifapproved by him were to be submitted to the Duke of York, remainingeffective until disapproved by him. It is to the glory ofDongan that he not only approved but initiated many of the revolutionarymeasures afterwards enacted. On September 13, 1683, adate memorable in the city’s history, the Freeholders of New York,Long Island, Esopus, Albany and Martha’s Vineyard were notifiedto elect representatives to meet in General Assembly in New YorkCity on October 17th. Seventeen delegates responded, whereof fourwere from New York and Harlem. This first popular representativeassembly met at Fort James, and Matthias Nicoll was speaker.Fourteen acts were passed, whereof the most important was, ‘TheCharter of Liberties and Privileges granted by His Royal Highnessto the inhabitants of New York and its dependencies.’ This wasdeclared to be enacted ‘for the better establishing the government ofthis province of New York, and that justice and right may be equallydone within the same.’ Among the provisions of this well-namedCharter of Liberties were those providing for at least a triennial sessionof the General Assembly; that every freeholder and freemanshould have the elective franchise without constraint or imposition;that majorities should decide every issue; that representatives should126be apportioned among the counties; that the members should enjoyall the privileges of members of Parliament; and in fine extending tothe inhabitants of this colony all the rights and privileges whichEnglishmen at home enjoyed under Magna Charta and the provisionsof English law. Entire freedom of conscience and of religion wereguaranteed to all peaceable persons ‘which profess faith in God byJesus Christ,’ and the privileges of all existing churches and theirdiscipline were protected. No tax was to be levied without the consentof the Governor, Council and Assembly, thus recognizing theprinciple which the people had wrested from Mary of Burgundy, in1477, by the charter called ‘The Great Privilege.’ And thus, forthe first time in America, the people were recognized as having legislativepower and authority. Accepted by the Governor and proclaimedOctober 31, 1683, a new standard was set for popular libertyand popular aspiration so that Governor Hunter was able to writeto Dean Swift, in 1704, ‘this is the plan of government they allaim at and make no scruple to own.’ The Duke of York acceptedthis charter October 4, 1684, but when he became King James II herefused to confirm it as being too liberal and implying too muchrecognition of the people as a political entity, and it died by hisveto October 4, 1684. But the seed had been sown, and its growthcould not be stopped. At the same session, courts of justice were bystatute provided for; the naturalization of aliens was prescribed,and twelve counties were established in the province. To add tothe other landmarks of his administration, a charter was granted toNew York City April 27, 1686, which has since continued to be thebasis of our municipal laws, rights, privileges, public property andfranchises. ‘It was worded with care and showed that those whoframed it were possessed of a broad and enlightened sense of thesanctity of corporate and private rights.’

“During all his busy rule, Dongan was kept occupied with questionsof statesmanship which none but an able and resourceful mancould have handled; whether adjusting boundary disputes with NewJersey, Pennsylvania or Connecticut, or outgeneralling the GovernorGeneral of Canada at his own game; whether negotiating with theIndians or planning combinations with the other colonies to resistFrench aggression or undertake offense operations;—in every phaseof his varied activities he displayed resourcefulness, tact and power.

“He was a humane man. Under the Duke’s laws, in force from1271665 to 1683, no Christian could keep a slave; but the New Yorkers,being unable to keep pace with the New Englanders, who habituallyused their services, slaves were allowed to be kept by orders fromEngland. But in the instructions which Dongan issued May 29,1686, it was directed that no cruelty should be practised upon them,and the wilful killing of Indians and negroes was to be punishedwith death. We find as well on October 6, 1687, he proposed tohis Council that some means be found for releasing Spaniards andother free people who were held here as slaves and that he forbadetheir masters either to sell or trade such persons pending their appealfor liberty. Again, July 30, 1688, he ordered that ‘all Indian slaveswithin the province, subjects of the King of Spain, that can give anaccount of their Christian faith and say the Lord’s Prayer shall beforthwith set at liberty, and sent home at the first convenience, andlikewise them that shall hereafter come to this Province.’

“The troubles accumulating in England found their echo hereand the King prohibited the establishing of printing-presses here,and on January 20, 1687, dissolved the popular Assembly. In thatyear Dongan wrote ‘one of the most careful as well as most honestpictures of his provincial government which an American subordinateever sent home to his English sovereign.’ In the courseof it he says: ‘I believe for these seven years past there has notcome over into this province twenty English, Scotch or Irish families.’

“The entire winter of 1687 he spent at Albany, supervising theprotection of the colony against the French, and being without financialhelp from the other settlements, he pledged his personal creditand mortgaged his farm on Staten Island for £2,000 to meet theexpenses of the expedition then raised.

“On March 23, 1688, he was superseded as Governor by Andros,who was made Governor General of New England in America, comprisingall of British North America, except Pennsylvania. Donganwas offered the rank of Major General, which he refused in orderto remain in New York. His homestead was at Hempstead,Long Island. He owned a hunting lodge on his estates at Castleton,Staten Island, which were named after his original home; andhe had property at Martha’s Vineyard as well. His city residencewas on Broadway, between Maiden Lane and Ann Street, where hisflower garden was a special feature. Between these places he spent128his time, seeking to rebuild his fortune, severely shattered by hisexpenditures for the protection of the colony he loved, until thereins of power fell into the hands of Jacob Leisler, after the flightof James II to France, when Dongan was hunted as a rebel andenemy of the new régime, and driven to seek refuge on his brigantine,on which he kept in hiding in the lower Bay. The winds beingadverse, he was unable to sail away, and flying to New York insecret, thence to New London, to Hempstead, to New Jersey, and toBoston the first advocate of popular rights was finally forced toescape the persecutions of the people, whose liberties he had assured,by sailing to England in 1691. Never repaid any considerablepart of the fortune he had spent to defend the honor of his countryand the safety of her colony, he died, without issue, December 14,1715, at the age of eighty-one years. With him the history of Irishactivity in New York may well be said to begin. While he camehere as an official, he identified himself with the Colony and withthe City, and grew so to love it that no honors appealed to himwhich involved leaving it. To have been the means of assisting inconferring upon a people popular government, civic liberty and religiousfreedom in an age of despotism and persecution, is an honorwhich reflects credit upon the race to which he belonged, as well asupon himself. He has been characterized by historians as ‘an excellentand prudent magistrate’ (Winsor); ‘a man of integrity,moderation and genteel manners, who may be classed among thebest of our governors’ (Smith); ‘his firm and judicious policy, hissteadfast integrity and his pleasing and courteous address soon wonthe affections of the people and made him one of the most popularof the Royal governors’ (Booth); ‘of a noble, praiseworthy mindand spirit’ (Gov. Hinckley); ‘a ruler who for breadth of mind, widesympathy and executive ability stands far in advance of his timesand measured by the system of government which he inaugurated, iseasily one of the most attractive and momentous personages in AmericanColonial History’ (Driscoll). It is significant that this greatIrish pioneer should have been an office holder, a tradition which therace did not forget when its hour of opportunity arrived. It may besaid at this time that three other royal governors of the colony wereof Irish birth, the Earl of Bellomont, who served from 1698, andwho was the son of Baron Coote of Colooney; William Cosby, whoarrived August 1, 1732, and who was an Equerry of the Queen,129Colonel of the Royal Irish Regiment and the tenth son of AlexanderCosby of Stradbally, Queens County; and Sir William Tryon, thelast of the line. But no one of these ever identified himself withthe colony or is to be reckoned with as a constructive force.

“After Dongan departs from the scene, we again have a longperiod of silence upon Irishmen in New York. The meagerness ofdetail as to anything affecting their names, their activities or theirachievements is disheartening. Much of it may be attributed to thelack of wealth or social standing upon the part of those who immigratedhere in the end of the seventeenth and the beginning of theeighteenth centuries. Much may be charged to their desire to concealthemselves from persecution and worse. There must have beenrefugees here from Virginia, New England and the Barbadoes,where penal laws were savagely enforced. Maryland must have furnishedits quota when religious liberty was abolished. But NewYork seems never to have been so favorite a resort for the persecutedas Pennsylvania. Then again many redemptioners must have comehere, when their time of service had expired. These were the immigrantswho were unable to pay their passage and who on arrivingwere sold for a specified time to those who would reimburse the shipcaptain for their carriage.

“In October, 1700, a number of recruits arrived in New Yorkfrom Ireland, and one of them, Cottrill, a former ensign in KingJames’ army, was shot in the Fort here for participation in amutiny. It is evident from reading the record that these men hadbeen impressed into the service and coming here involuntarily, soughtfreedom on their arrival. In the answers which Brigadier Huntersent to Secretary Popple, August 11, 1720, he wrote: ‘The inhabitantsincrease day by day from New England, and of late fromthe North of Ireland.’

“Among the North of Ireland emigrants to New York are manywho figured prominently in the religious life of the colony. Rev.Charles Inglis, afterwards Rector of Trinity Church, came hereas a missionary in 1759. In 1766 Philip Embury arrived, andhelped to found the John Street Church. He is among the pioneersof the Methodist Episcopal Church in America. In that year PaulRunkle, Luke Rose, Jacob Heck, Peter Barkman and Henry Williams,all referred to as Irish Palatines, landed. Charles White and130Richard Sause, prominent in Methodist circles, came from Dublinin 1766, and later, John McClaskey and Paul Hick.

“Major Henry Dawson left Dublin in 1760 and resided here formany years, serving as Clerk of the Common Council for twenty-sixyears.

“Among the freemen of the city we find the following significantnames: 1740, Bartholomew Ryan; 1741, John Ryan and JohnLamb; 1743, Patrick Phagan, John McGie, John Christie, JohnBrannigan, John Connelly, Andrew Cannon, William Blake; 1744,Andrew Carroll, Anthony Glin; 1745, Benjamin Daly, John Carr,Bryan Nevin; 1746, Donald McCoy, Hugh Rogers; 1747, TimothyAllan, Hugh Mulligan, James Welch, Hugh Gill, John McGoers,Jr., Alexander McCoy; 1748, Philip Hogan, Matthew Morris; 1749,Alexander Connelly, physician. In 1761 the poll list included seventy-fourcharacteristic Irish names.

“Immigration from Ireland to the colonies in general did notbecome noticeable until 1718. It was then a steady influx, thoughnot very large in numbers, until 1755, when it fell off and remainedof less amount until after the Revolution. At the outset, the Irishfamilies immigrating were almost entirely Presbyterians. The firstPresbyterian clergyman in New York was Rev. Francis McKemie,born in Ireland, who arrived here in 1707. He was a brave and fearlessman, whose pulpit utterances led to his trial for libel, upon whichhe was acquitted. The large Catholic exodus did not begin until afterour Independence had been achieved. A prominent citizen of NewYork in the eighteenth century was Sir Peter Warren, born inCounty Meath in 1702, and the uncle of the famous William Johnson,also born in County Meath in 1715, whose life is a romance.Warren was a very heavy real estate holder in the city, owning 260acres here, much of his holdings being of land which since has becomeenormously valuable. Warren Street is named after him. Hewas a prominent social figure in Colonial life. Among the namesof those who were active in commercial life in New York City, priorto the Revolution, are many Irishmen, who figured as some of themost successful and reputable merchants of their time. Such werethe two Wallaces, Alexander and Hugh, who were in business from1750, Hugh being the second President of the Chamber of Commerce;Miles Sherbrooke, one of the founders of the Chamber in1768, and a member of the Committee of Correspondence, the advance131guard of the Revolution; Patrick McDavitt, an auctioneer inKings Street, from 1768; Alexander Mulligan, an importer of Irishgoods, beef, linen and other commodities; Hercules Mulligan, a merchanttailor; Oliver Templeton, an auctioneer; Daniel McCormick,also an auctioneer. During the time of the Revolution and followingit, we find the names of Michael Connolly, dealer in lumber;William and James Constable, in the West Indian, China and Indiantrade; the Pollocks, Carlisle, George and Hugh; John Haggerty,an auctioneer; William Edgar; John Glover; John W. andPhilip Kearney, commission merchandise; John and NathanMcVickar, linen drapers; Alexander McComb, a fur dealer and thena land speculator, who invested heavily in city real estate; and MichaelHogan, in the commission and shipping business, who owned,and in memory of his birthplace in County Clare, named the northernpart of his holdings, Claremont. All these men were representative,flourishing men, who stood as high in public esteem as anyof the residents of the city of that day. They were all either Irishby birth or by immediate descent. How many of their poorer fellow-countrymenwere then here we have no means of knowing, but it issignificant that while the Jews had a synagogue here from 1730, therewas no Catholic place of worship from the time when Dongan hadMass said within the Fort until the year 1786.

“Lieutenant-General John Maunsell was born in 1724, the son ofRichard Maunsell of Limerick, a member of Parliament from 1741to 1761. Commissioned as an ensign in 1741, he was at the siegesof Louisburg, Quebec, Montreal, Martinique and Havana, duringwhich time he rose to be Captain and finally in 1761 Major of the60th or Royal Americans. He was gazetted for gallantry Lieutenant-Colonelof the 83d Regiment October 31, 1762, and was thereaftertransferred to the 27th Foot (Iniskillings). He had receivedfor his services a grant of land adjoining Major Skene’s at Whitehall(old Skenesborough). Coming to New York City, he marriedfor his second wife Elizabeth Stillwell, widow of Captain PeterWraxall, at Trinity Church, June 11, 1763. He lived here withhis wife at Greenwich, in the Ninth Ward, in property belongingto Oliver DeLancey, until he sailed for England with other loyalistsin May, 1775, leaving his wife behind him. Returning for herin 1776, he then went to Kinsale, in Ireland, where he had receivedan appointment which he had requested in order to avoid serving132against the Colonies. October 19, 1781, he was gazetted Major-Generalon half pay in the Irish Establishment. Living in Londonuntil 1784 he resided in New York continuously thereafter, his cityhouse being at 11 Broadway. He was made Lieutenant-General October12, 1793. He owned a farm of 60 acres on Harlem Heights,between Morris and Watkins places, the site now being divided bySt. Nicholas Avenue. He died July 27, 1795, and was buried inthe Bradhurst vault in Trinity Cemetery.

“Another striking figure of pre-Revolutionary days, and an aggressiveif unpopular one, was Hugh Gaine, the printer. And it isstrange that after Bradford and Franklin, the two great figures inthe early history of printing in America should be those of Irishmen—Gainein New York and Matthew Carey in Philadelphia. Gainehas been a much-abused man and was very unpopular during theRevolutionary period, but he is an example of a successful businessman. Born at Belfast in 1726, he was apprenticed at an early ageto James McGee, a printer there. He emigrated to New York in1745 ‘without basket or burden,’ and secured employment withJames Parker at wages of $1.25 a week. He went into the businessof bookselling in 1752 in partnership with William Weyman, aformer apprentice of William Bradford. A characteristic advertisem*ntof the period is the following: ‘To be sold by Weyman &Gaine at their House on Hunters’ Key, next door but one to Mr.Perry’s, Watchmaker; Bibles of different Sizes, with and withoutthe Common Prayer; gilt and plain Common Prayers of most sorts,Church and Meeting Psalm Books, History of the New Testament,History of the Five Indian Nations, Account of the Earthquake atLima, Ovid’s Metamorphosis, Virgil, Cornelius Nepos, Mariners’Compasses, Scales and Dividers, Writing paper by the Quire orSheet, also choice good Bonnet Papers.’ On August 3, 1752, Gainealone commenced the publication of the New York Mercury at thesame store, the subscription being twelve shillings per year, and advertisem*ntsof a moderate length were published for five shillingseach. He sold books and stationery as well at this time, and his wasone of two stores where theatre tickets were sold. After variousmigrations the business was finally located at the Bible and Crownin Hanover Square in 1745. During a bitter controversy caused bythe attempt of the Presbyterians to curb what they thought was theundue dominance of the Episcopalians, a letter in the form of apetition ostensibly coming from the Irish residents in New York, wassent by a committee for insertion in the Mercury, to be publishedanonymously; but the letter was in bad English, misspelled andfull of ridiculous exaggerations—all purposely done—and Gainerefused to print it as a reflection on the Irish nation, of which hewas proud. The Mercury, in 1758, in announcing the fall of Louisburg,printed a wood cut diagram of the fortress—an unusual pieceof enterprise for the times. That printers did not then consider advertisingthe principal feature of their papers may be inferred fromhis apology in an issue of 1759: ‘We hope those of our customerswhose advertisem*nts are omitted this week will not take it amiss, itbeing occasioned by the agreeable advice received from the Fleetand Army at Quebec.’ In this connection it may be noted that in1755 he had offered for sale ‘A very few brass mounted BroadSwords, late the property of his Most Christian Majesty; so thatthe purchaser, in case of a French war, will have the advantage ofhis enemies, as he can encounter them with their own weapons.’ Heoffered for sale at various times corkscrews, razors and wafers;playing cards, blacking balls and liquid blacking; boots, pumps andshoes; hogs’ fat, shaving soap and German flutes; a parcel ofchoice Irish butter, lottery tickets and patent medicines.

133“Many books issued from his press, including a series of almanacs.But his bookselling and newspaper furnished his chief source ofwealth. His paper was delivered in the city by messenger. We findhim advertising in 1780: ‘Wanted, a Person that will engage todeliver this paper to the Customers in Town for twelve months orlonger. Good encouragement will be given. He need not attendmore than four hours every Monday.’ Printing paper being scarce,he continually advertised for rags to be brought to him for purchaseand in 1760 he commenced advertising in this form: ‘Readymoney for clean Linen Rags to be had at H. Gaines’.’ In 1773 apaper mill was established at Hempstead by him and two of hisfriends.

“Among the important printing done by his press was ‘The Votesand Proceedings of the General Assembly,’ whereof the first volumeappeared in 1764, the second in 1766. Appointed Public Printerby the colony, January 15, 1768, he also became the official Cityprinter. General Gage’s famous proclamation of June 12, 1775,was printed by him, the work being done here that it might remain a134secret in Boston until published. Up to this time Gaine had givenevery proof of being in sympathy with the cause of freedom, so thathe was forced to fly to Newark when the British occupied New Yorkin 1776. The authorities seized his printing plant here and publishedthe New York Gazette therefrom, using his name for a timeas proprietor. Tiring of his exile, he evidently made terms withthe invaders, for he returned to New York and his business wasrestored to him, the first issue of the resumed paper dating fromNovember 11, 1776, leaving behind him his press at Newark, whichwas promptly seized by the patriots and a paper printed thereon forsome time. From this time on he was a thorough going Tory, andwas the subject of particularly virulent attack from the Americans,the Pennsylvania Journal in 1777 for example enquiring: ‘Who isthe greatest liar upon earth? Hugh Gaine of New York.’ But helived through the turmoil and after freedom was obtained, he continueddoing business. In 1788, against violent protest, he receivedthe contract for printing the paper money for the State ofNew York. He was Treasurer and Vice-President of the St. Patrick’sSociety, a vestryman of Trinity Church and an active Mason.He owned a country home at Kings Bridge Road, and a large tractof land at Canajoharie. He bought and sold land in the city, therebeing records of twenty-four parcels of land sold by himself or hisexecutors.

“Gaine died April 27, 1807, at the ripe age of eighty-one, and wasburied in Trinity Churchyard. Two of his children had predeceasedhim, and three survived, as well as his second wife. Hisexecutors were his son-in-law, John Kemp, and his friends RichardHarrison and Daniel McCormick, the latter already referred to.His lines had not fallen in pleasant places during the Revolutionand his abandonment of the patriot cause was never entirely forgiven,but as a business man his integrity was never questioned.

“It is not my purpose to refer to Irish activity in the city duringRevolutionary days, for that would be a field worthy of independentstudy and treatment. The roll of the martyrs of the Jersey prisonship, for example, is studded with Irish names. Nor is it pertinentto our subject, for no pioneers came here then, as the tide of immigrationpractically stopped during the war, although it is worthy ofnote that Richard Montgomery, destined to undying fame, bought afarm at Kingsbridge in 1773, and had intended to make this city his135home. He was born at Swords, near Feltrim, Ireland. Like nearlyall the Irish of New York, he did not hesitate a moment before castinghis life and fortune into the balance when the call to arms came.

“But after the declaration of peace the Irish Catholic influx began.Among those whose names have survived, no one stands higher thanDominick Lynch. Born in Galway in 1754, he received a thorougheducation and went to Bruges in Flanders to open a commercialhouse, in which he accumulated a fortune. There he met DonThomas Stoughton (afterwards his brother-in-law and Spanish Consulat New York) with whom he entered into partnership for theestablishment of business in New York. Stoughton came here first,arriving in 1783, and Lynch followed in 1785, with his fortune inready money, the largest sum brought to the colonies in many years.The firm dissolved in 1795. Lynch lived in luxury, occupying ahouse on Broadway, near the Battery, adjoining that of the SpanishMinister. He was a prominent figure in assisting in the establishmentof the first Catholic Church in New York. Tradition has itthat the first Catholic congregation worshipped in Ann Street, wherethey were ministered to by Rev. Ferdinand Farmer, and we findlater a record of another composed of Frenchmen and Spaniards,who met in a building in Warren Street, known as Vaux Hall, whereRev. Charles Whelan, a Capuchin, was their pastor in 1784. St.Peter’s Church was incorporated, succeeding them, June 10, 1785.Lynch helped from his private purse to meet their needs and was oneof the trustees and incorporators. He issued an appeal to the peopleof Galway for funds to help in building the church, most of theIrish in the fold coming from that County. He was one of thelaymen authorized by Bishop Carroll to receive subscriptions for theestablishment of Georgetown Academy (now the University) andwas one of the signers of the address on behalf of the Catholics ofAmerica to General George Washington, four being laymen, andBishop Carroll, the fifth. One of his sons was baptized in St.Peter’s Church—Alexander Didacus—born April 23, 1788, and forwhom His Excellency Didacus de Gardoqui, Ambassador of Spain,was a sponsor. He owned two thousand acres of land adjoiningFort Stanwix on the Mohawk River, where he laid out a villagecalled Lynchville, which afterwards became the city of Rome. Hiscounty seat was in Westchester County, on the site of the presentSacred Heart Academy, at Classon-on-the-Sound, said to have been136the place where Mass was first said in that county. He died June,1825, and was buried in Old Saint Patricks. His son, Dominick,was a vocalist, musician, musical critic and general society favorite,whose house was the favored resort of the most brilliant people ofhis time. He lived in Greenwich Street, near the Battery, and isthought to have been instrumental with Lorenzo da Ponte, thelibrettist of “Don Giovanni” and “Le Nozze di Figaro,” in havingbrought to New York the first Italian Grand Opera troupe underGarcia, when Mme. Malibran first won success and laid the foundationof her fame.

“Cornelius Heeney, born in Kings County, Ireland, in 1754, wasanother contemporaneous successful merchant. He was a bookkeeperfor William Backhous, an English Quaker furrier, at 40Little Dock (now Water) Street. John Jacob Astor was a porterand salesman there. When Backhous retired from business he turnedit over to Astor and Heeney, who afterwards dissolved partnership.He was a very wealthy and a very charitable man, and his benefactionsstill continue, through the agencies he created, to maintainthem. He was one of those who took title to new Saint Patricks,the other being Andrew Morris, a successful soapmaker, also bornin Ireland.

“A trio of great men who came to New York after the rising of’98 were Thomas Addis Emmet, Dr. William James McNevin andWilliam Sampson. The lives, high professional attainments andsuccess of the first two are too well known to require more than apassing reference. They did immeasurable good in instilling respectfor Irish characteristics and admiration for Irish genius. Emmetexercised a potent influence on the early political history ofthe country. His location in this city, instead of going to Ohioas he had intended, was due to the advice of Governor GeorgeClinton, and was followed by his election as Attorney-Generalof the State within eight years after his reaching these shores.The monument to his memory in St. Paul’s churchyard is a fittingcompanion to the memorial to General Montgomery. He collaboratedwith Doctor MacNevin in the production of ‘Pieces ofIrish History.’ Doctor MacNevin, in the midst of a busy andhighly lucrative practice, and while acting as a professor in amedical college, found time to establish a bureau to obtain places forIrish servant girls, and to publish “Directions or Advice to Irishmen137Arriving in America.” William Sampson, the third of thenumber, was born in Londonderry, Ireland, January 17, 1764. Heheld a commission in the Irish Volunteers, after studying at DublinUniversity and being admitted as a barrister. His sympathy withthe patriots and his brilliant professional defense of members of theUnited Irishmen led to his arrest after the uprising and his confinementin prison for some time. After his release he was re-arrestedin Portugal, whither he had gone for safety, and was imprisoned onthe complaint of the British Government. Secretly taken to France,he finally came to New York, arriving here July 4, 1806. He thenpractised stenography, as well as his profession of the law, rankingsecond only to Thomas Lloyd, the great reporter of Congress, as ashorthand writer. His notes furnished the basis of many volumes ofreports. But as a lawyer he was especially successful and made areputation for wit, forcefulness, ability and integrity. His daughtermarried a son of Theobold Wolf Tone. When Sampson removed toWashington in 1825, he was presented with an address from thecitizens of New York, among the signers being James Kent andDeWitt Clinton.

“The years after the Revolution were fruitful of steady Irish arrivals,without much of great note occurring. A careful study ofthe statistics of the first third of the nineteenth century, so far asthey are available, would doubtless be productive of good results.By 1833 there were 40,000 Irish-born residents here, it was thenestimated. This growth had been gradual, but hardly remarked,and certainly was not expected. This may well be realized when weknow that the graveyard in the rear of St. Peter’s Church answeredall the purposes of burial for the Irish Catholics at the outset, and,until old St. Patrick’s site was bought from St. Peter’s Church in1801, to serve for a general Catholic burial ground. It is alsoworthy of note that no move for a larger cemetery was made until1826, when the site of the present Cathedral was bought at a costof $5,500 for that purpose by the parishes of St. Peter’s, St. Patrick’sand St. Mary’s, but was abandoned after a few years’ trial as beingtoo far out in the country. Of course, a tremendous tide of Irishimmigration set in after the famine years of 1846, 1847 and 1848.But before that time, the period of the pioneers had ceased, and thatof construction had begun. It ended in New York with the arrivalof Bishop John Hughes. Under his masterful guidance the position138of the Irish here completely changed; from the dwarfed andapologetic attitude which many of his people had theretofore assumed,they rose to man’s estate. He asserted their rights and madethem realize the justice of their appeal for fair treatment and decentconsideration. He courageously defended them from unjustattack and took every possible occasion to announce the splendorof their history and the value to American citizenship of their racialcharacteristics. Impressing himself on the country, and finally winningits confidence, he did more than any other one man has everdone to make the Irish people an active, useful, aggressive force inthe community. He pointed out the way by which they have sincerisen from poverty, misery and persecution—from an isolation worsethan the Ghetto—to a position so commanding as to seem almostmiraculous.

“There is an impression that Irish immigration is a matter of onlyhalf a century. From this hasty sketch we have seen that it is amatter of gradual growth, the earlier citizens being successful merchants,adding to their capital, the later being the industrious, ifhumble, whom necessity had driven abroad from a land which noother force could have induced them to leave. Let us hope thatthe inspiration of this Society may lead some one to undertake thisseemingly hopeless task of wresting from the past the record of thosewho, today unknown, did the work whose fruits we are all enjoying.All honor to the early exiles, whose very names are forgotten,and yet who, hungry, exhausted from toil, hated and despised,with their very heartstrings throbbing with the grief of a sensitiverace justly proud of its glorious traditions, then scorned and derided,—yetin silence and resignation built deep and solid the foundationsof the free institutions of our country. Without these pioneers thehistory of Irish genius and its accomplishments would have been theless glorious, but without them there would have been as well adifferent tale to write of this latest experiment in human freedom.New York owes that race a particular debt of gratitude, which gaveto the State its first Governor, George Clinton, the son of a CountyLongford emigrant, and his kinsman, DeWitt Clinton, the father ofthe Erie Canal; which gave to the city its first mayor, James Duane,an Irishman’s son; and which gave to the city fame as the scene ofthe first successful attempt to conquer a way over the waters by theuse of steam, when the son of a Kilkenny man, Robert Fulton, saw139the fruition of his dreams as the Clermont sailed the Hudson, August11, 1807.

“Irishmen and their sons have always been fond of the city whichto them symbolized the freedom and opportunity of the West. NewYork has been the haven of their hopes. Here their eyes, still dimwith tears at the thought of Erin, first saw the glimmerings of hopeand confidence. She has honored and enriched their sons, and theyhave not been ungrateful nor unworthy. From tens of thousands ofIrish hearts, when the hour for the closing of their earthly pilgrimagewas near at hand, has gone up an aspiration for her continuedprosperity who had not forgotten the stranger within her gates.Many an Irishman has voiced the wish which Diedrich Knickerbockerwas represented as uttering as the expression of the Dutchman’slove: ‘Haply this frail compound of dust, which while alivemay have given birth to nothing but unprofitable weeds, may forma humble sod of the valley, whence may spring many a sweet wildflower to adorn my beloved island of Mannahata!’”

Judge Dowling’s address met with hearty applause and he receivedmany compliments upon the masterly manner with which hehandled the difficult subject assigned him.

President-General Quinlan: “Ladies and Gentlemen, I have much pleasure in announcing to you that the next speaker of the evening, who comes from the garden spot of the Middle West and who will respond to the toast of ‘The Irish Pioneers of the West and Their Descendants,’ is the Hon. Maurice T. Moloney, Ex-Attorney General of the State of Illinois.”

Hon. Maurice T. Moloney:

“Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the American Irish Historical Society:

“The subject suggested for me to talk on, ‘The Pioneer Irish ofthe West and Their Descendants,’ is one of great latitude, yet it isone that has not been historically treated as it deserves. I hope,however, in the short time I propose to devote to it, I will not fallinto the same line of thought as did one of Moore’s characters. Inthe Veiled Prophet of Korassan, the great chamberlain, Fadladeen,140when about to criticise the young poet’s story, said: ‘In order toconvey with clearness my opinion of the story this young man hasrelated, it is necessary to take a review of all the stories that haveever’—and when at this point he was interrupted by the good Princess,he became mortified at not being allowed to show how much heknew about everything but the subject immediately before him.Bearing in mind, then, Fadladeen’s misadventure, still, we shouldnot be unmindful of our migration hither, and some of the causesthat led to it.

“The successive misfortunes that have overtaken that unfortunatepeople ever since Nicholas Brekespear gave a quit-claim deed of themto Henry II constitute even in the blood-stained pages of Englishhistory some of the greatest tragedies of ancient or modern times,and should lead some at least of those good people who believe infuture rewards and punishments to consign that same Brekespear to awarm abode.

“It is needless, no doubt, to tell Irishmen or their descendants,or those interested in Irish history, of the many migrations fromthat country. During the latter part of the seventeenth and thefirst part of the eighteenth centuries, hundreds of thousands of themfilled the continental armies and many other thousands, young andold, were banished to the West Indies and the colonies, as helots,under the direction of that brutal, canting knave, Cromwell, andothers. I will call your attention, however, for a few moments only,to some of the migrations of the nineteenth century.

“I find on an examination of the Report of the Devon Commissionto Parliament in 1845, that in the decade from 1831 to 1841,430,963 emigrants left Ireland. I further find from an examinationof Irish Immigration Statistics, that in the following decade from1841 to 1851, 1,508,454 left the Island, and from 1851 to 1907,4,130,015 persons emigrated from that unfortunate country, makinga total leaving the Island in seventy odd years of 6,069,432.The present population of that country is about four and a half millions—alittle less. What a terrible indictment of England and herseven centuries of oppression! No language that I am capable ofusing could more eloquently depict her continued infamies than thatcontained in these statistics.

“Of course, all of these people did not come to this country.Some went to other countries, especially to the Antipodes, but thegreat bulk of them came to the Great Republic, where many thousandsof their kith and kin had preceded them.

141“It would be interesting as well as instructive to follow up andtrace the careers and fortunes of those Irish exiles and their descendantswho thronged the shores and trod the soil of the Republic.It has never been done so far as I know. McGee, in the fifties, andMaguire, in the sixties, each wrote a small volume on the subject,and they are of some value to the student of history. Of this greatswarm, how many crossed the Alleghanies and steered their coursefor the West? It is difficult to say. We have not even approximatelycorrect data on the subject.

“I think, however, I am safe in saying that half of those who cameto this country within the last named period did so. In the MiddleWest, in the great states of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois andIowa,—indeed, in all the great western states—there is not a county,city or village where they or their descendants are not to be foundin goodly numbers. Thank Heaven! race suicide has not as yetovertaken them.

“Maguire, in his work written in the sixties, advised his countrymento settle in the West, especially in the state of California. Hisadvice, no doubt, carried great weight and influenced many ofthem in seeking Western homes.

“I remember, as a boy in Ireland, reading his lectures on the subject,and subsequently, after graduating at the University of Virginia,I determined to go to California, but straightened conditionsintervening, I was compelled to remain in Illinois. Hence, I amfairly familiar with the people of that great State, and I think thehistory of the Irish there would be fairly typical of them in otherWestern States.

“And now I think I hear you ask—what of them? What havethey done, and what are they doing, in what many of you Easterngentlemen are pleased to call the ‘wild and woolly West.’ To befrank, taking into consideration their old home conditions, and thecirc*mstances attending their coming, they are doing and have donefairly well. They were mostly of the tenant farming class and daylaborers. Manufacturing in Ireland long prior to this time ceased tobe a factor, having been either abolished, or prevented by successiveEnglish Parliaments. They were of necessity very poor, they andtheir forebears for centuries having been plundered by heartless142tyrants. No people prefer indigence and want to prosperity. Itwas artificially enforced poverty that compelled them to emigrate.

“On arriving in the West, therefore, they were for the most partforced to occupy the hard lot of the unskilled laborer, and I maysay without fear of contradiction, what they undertook to do theydid well. They dug our great canals, built our great lines of railroads,erected our telegraph lines from Chicago to San Francisco andhelped to operate them. They engaged in farming and stock raisingand have been successful in both. There is not a public utilityin the West whose physical structure at least does not owe its existencein the main to Irish hands; and let it not be forgotten, too,that gradually, as these men were able to put by a little of theirhard earnings, they tried to elevate themselves and their children inthe various walks of life. They did not rest content with their lot.They knew their natural capabilities and tried to and did improvethem. Many of them, too, were men of initiative. Of course, therich and the learned, as a rule, were not among them. People ofthat kind do not have to leave their country to seek homes in otherclimes. Labor, however, manual or otherwise, is no disgrace; ratheris it a badge of respectability.

“Of course many of them,—alas, too many,—fell by the way.

“As to the work done by our people in the West, take as an illustrationthe Illinois & Michigan Canal, which begins at Chicagoon the southern bend of Lake Michigan and enters the Illinois Riverat La Salle, a distance of a hundred miles. From its inception toits close the work was mainly done by Irish emigrants. It has beento Illinois and the West a great benefit. Not only was this greatwork done by the labor of Irishmen, but its successful accomplishmentin a financial way was due to the exertions of one of them.In 1842 work on the canal had to be abandoned because of the financialcondition of the State Treasury. At that time the counties ofLa Salle, Grundy and De Kalb constituted a Senatorial District, anda young Irishman twenty-six years of age, one Michael Ryan, waselected State Senator from there. He was, even at that early age,easily the peer of any man in the West. So thoroughly did he masterthe subject both as to the necessities of the canal and its resources143that he introduced and carried through the State Legislature, notwithout opposition, however, a bill enabling the State to borrow onemillion, six hundred thousand dollars, to complete the work. TheGovernor at the time, recognizing his great ability, appointed himand a Mr. Oakley agents for the State to proceed to London andborrow that sum—no small amount for those days. They succeededin doing so. It is said of him (and there are those still living inmy home town who knew him well and speak of him with affection)that he was a brilliant man, kind and courteous, an honest man.To him did the State of Illinois mainly owe its success in raisingthe means to complete that great undertaking.

“Another leading Irishman in Illinois in those days was one WilliamReddick, a State Senator for many years, a leading temperanceadvocate, and a man of whom any people might be proud. He lefta large fortune to the city of Ottawa for library purposes. Manyof the younger emigrants learned trades and became skilled workmen.Many of them engaged in the mercantile business, at the beginningin a small way, but eventually became prosperous. So, too, did theyengage in manufacturing. Many of them owned coal mines and ofcourse many, very many, were miners. The Kilgubbin coal shaft,as it was called, a valuable property in the county I reside in, wasowned and operated by one Nicholas Duncan, a Cork man.

“Of course, of the hundreds of thousands of Irishmen who havelived and still live with their descendants in the great city ofChicago, it is not possible for me to give more than a passingglance, and say that they are among the leading business men, lawyers,doctors and financiers of that great metropolis. Volumesmight be written about them.

“There were not many professional men among those early emigrants.There was one, however, who deserves special mention.His name was E. G. Ryan. He was born in Dublin and came toIllinois in the thirties. He practised law in that State and wasrecognized at once as being among the leaders of the bar. He afterwardsmoved to Wisconsin and there became Chief Justice of theCourt of Last Resort of that State. He was a profound lawyer, aregular encyclopædia of learning. He was probably the greatestjurist of the West, and there are those who say that he would bearfavorable comparison with the great John Marshall. He has beendead for some few years.

144“Very many of the descendants of those pioneers entered the differentprofessions. In law and medicine they easily hold their ownin the West. The ablest, all-around lawyer I ever met was ThomasA. Moran of Chicago, for a time Judge of the Circuit and AppellateCourts in that State. He, too, has passed out into the Great Beyond.

“Another who made history might also be mentioned.

“In early days, as we say out West, one John H. Mulkey, thenabout twenty years old, came to the southern part of the State ofIllinois from the State of Tennessee, as an itinerant Methodistpreacher. Being a man of good sense, he soon abandoned the ministryand took up the study and afterwards the practice of the law.He met with great success. He had a splendid career. He was electedto the Supreme Court and served as an honored member of that bodyfor a number of years. In 1896, while I represented the State, hecame to my office (he was then practising law) and sought a continuanceof a case in the Supreme Court. I readily consented, andhe dictated to my stenographer the agreement for a continuance.While he was doing so it occurred to me that he had a very peculiarname indeed, and when he got through I said rather abruptly, I confess:‘Judge, where in the world did you get that name? I can’tthink to what nation your ancestors could have belonged.’ Helooked at me, laughed, and said, ‘I am as Irish as you are, but an ancestorchanged the good old Irish name of Mulcahey to Mulkey,and’ he added, ‘he didn’t improve it.’

“Mulkey had a high sense of honor. He had a solicitous regardfor the reputation of his profession. He was a scholarly man, aconscientious jurist. He detested a dishonest man and especially adishonest lawyer. Apropos of this, it may not be uninteresting ifI relate a few of the circ*mstances attending a dissenting opinionwhich he wrote while on the Bench. It seems that two men, onenamed Hughes and the other Appleton, were neighbors and bothpractised law in Chicago. Hughes conveyed the title to a piece ofproperty worth eight to ten thousand dollars to Appleton, withoutconsideration. The latter was merely a trustee. Appleton disposedof the property and converted the proceeds to his own use. TheAttorney-General of Illinois filed an information in the SupremeCourt setting up these facts and asking for the disbarment of Appleton.On a final hearing that Court denied the application on the145ground that the relation of attorney and client did not exist betweenthem. Mulkey not being able to agree with the majority of theCourt wrote a unique dissenting opinion, in which among otherthings, he said: ‘This defense so forcibly reminds me of the oldstory of the profane bishop who had the good fortune to be a dukealso, I cannot refrain from telling it. An acquaintance who happenedto overhear him using profane language asked him how it wasthat he, being a bishop, could be guilty of swearing. “Ah, myfriend,” replied his reverence, “I swear as a duke and not as abishop.” “But,” retorted the other, “when the devil comes to getthe duke, what will become of the bishop?” So, in this case, whenhis Satanic Majesty calls for Appleton the trustee, I should like toknow what will become of Appleton the attorney.’ I might add thatsome years after his admission to the bar, he became a Catholic,and died in that faith.

“I wonder how many Irish names have been mutilated like thatof the good judge. I fear too many.

“In the management of railroads, our people have excelled inthe West. The children of two Irishmen, brothers, named Egan,born within about thirty miles of where I reside, have been important,if not chief factors in the management of many railroads.They have been connected with the Grand Trunk, the Illinois Centraland other roads. I remember well, in 1894, when the greatstrike, almost an incipient insurrection, occurred in Chicago, thatone of these Egans was selected by the officers and directors of allthe railroads centering in that great city, to take entire control oftheir properties and manage them during the strike. This was quitea tribute to the son of a poor Irishman. Another, still comparativelyyoung, might be mentioned. He was born in the town Ilive in. I remember him as a poor boy, a brakeman on a branchline running through our city. His name is Patrick Houlihan.A brochure has been written on his career and is entitled, I believe,‘From Water Carrier to General Manager.’ He has on differentlines, successively occupied the positions between that of water boyand superintendent, and is now general manager of the Toledo,St. Louis & Western and the Chicago & Alton Railroad Companies,with headquarters at Chicago. He is bright and brainy, with yearsof usefulness before him. He is a credit to our race.

“In literature, we have fairly well held our own. I do not mean146to say that we have written as many novels, good bad and indifferent,as others, but the Rileys, the Finnertys, the Sullivans, theClearys and Dunns, and men and women of such names have lefttheir impress upon our literature. Many of you no doubt have metand all must have with pleasure, read that Western product, thediscoverer of Mr. Dooley and Archie Avenue road, that droll, inimitablewriter of ‘dialect’ a philosopher in his way—Finley Peter Dunn,who like other good men, has recently gone wrong, in having againstthe advice of Greeley and all the sages of the republic, migratedbackwards as it were until now Gotham claims him for her own.

“And now a few words as to the tillers of the soil.

“Many of those emigrants settled upon the lands of the West,though under disadvantageous circ*mstances. There are manytownships in my county, and in adjoining counties, and indeed scatteredall over the West, that have been settled almost exclusively bythem. Those lands are now worth on an average $150 per acre.Measurably, this is true of the Middle West. It is literally trueof Illinois.

“Nebraska settlement, as it was called, embracing all that territoryfrom Kansas to Canada, and from the Missouri to the RockyMountains, was thrown open for settlement in 1854. A large numberof Irish were among the early settlers. In 1857 a conventionwas held in Buffalo to perfect plans for establishing Irish coloniesin the West. Delegates assembled from all over the country. Threelarge colonies started as a result of this convention—one led byFather Trecy founded St. Patrick’s Colony in Nebraska, now Jackson.Another, under Father Powers, of Pennsylvania, went toMissouri, and a third went to Minnesota. In the latter state, additionalIrish colonies have been established. They endured almostuntold trials and hardships in a new and wild country. FatherTrecy’s colony celebrated its Golden Jubilee in July, 1907, a dozenof the original settlers being present. Greeley County, Nebraska,is practically an Irish county, being settled almost exclusively byIrishmen, especially is this true of the towns of Greeley Center,O’Connor, Spalding and O’Neill.

“Instances of this kind might be indefinitely extended. Notwithstandingthis fact, we have been criticised for not going in largernumbers upon the broad prairies and fertile lands of the West. Iadmit the farmer’s life is the ideal one, but it took something more147than hands and limbs and brains, too, to go upon a farm. It requiredmoney even when land was cheapest. How could a familyin Ireland, turned out on the roadside by the crowbar brigade, whowith the greatest difficulty could scrape enough together to pay theirpassage to America, be expected upon their arrival to purchase landand agricultural implements, to go farming with? It was hardlywithin the possibilities. Even if the father came alone, as he oftendid, he was compelled to go to work on the first opportunity to providefor his immediate wants and save something to send to the half-starvingfamily at home or pay the passage to America. And, ifit was a son or daughter who managed to come, they were ever strivingto send for one more of the family or likely enough, to sendthe greater part of their hard earnings to pay the exorbitant rentof the heartless landlord. I know whereof I speak. I am a livingwitness of those happenings. As a boy, I was compelled to leavethe land of my birth, and I can say without affectation, that I neverexperienced more real joy than I did when making my first remittanceto Ireland. Though I knew the ultimate destination of mostof it was the landlord’s pocket, still I think I had more pleasurein sending than he had in receiving it.

“Of the gold seekers of ’49 who rushed to the coast, many ofthem were Irish. Many settled down in different parts of thatslope and as you know, many of them became millionaires. I needonly mention the names of Flood, O’Brien, Mackey, Phelan andothers, to conjure up visions of wealth. But, cui bono. The richestpeople are not always the most interesting even when the wealthis honestly acquired, and here I may remark (though a little foreignto the subject) if the wealth of many of our multi-millionaireswere tomorrow turned into the National Treasury, it would not beginto compensate for the moral shame and degradation their practiceshave brought on the republic. Kerosene colleges will nevermake straight, or light, Heaven’s pathway.

“When the greatest crime of the nineteenth century was aboutto be perpetrated in the dismemberment of this Union the Irishpeople of the West, in goodly numbers, rushed to its defense andsealed with their blood, their love of the republic. You all, no148doubt, have heard of a Sheridan, a Shields, a Corcoran, a Lawler,and others of the West, who died that the Union might live. Ingratitudehas never been the failing of Irishmen. Gratitude for favors,even small ones, adherence to principle, through good and eviltimes, have ever been characteristic of the race. Prior to that war,the hereditary enemy of our people despised America. Since itstermination, they have hated, but fear it. You know Gladstone,when Jefferson Davis was inaugurated President, exclaimed thata new nation had been born. We may in the future as we sometimeshave in the past, send de-natured Americans to London, but no occasionalslobbering over the great republic by perfidious Albion candisguise that hatred. Napoleon said, scratch a Russian and youwill find a Tartar, scratch an Englishman or an Irishman of thegarrison, and almost invariably you will find a hater of America.

“In conclusion, let me say, and I say it with some pride, but inno boastful spirit, that the Irish people in the West, though havingto struggle from the lowest rung of the ladder, are physically, intellectually,morally, and I might add, financially, the peers of theirneighbors. They are not a dying race. I wish some competenthand would write their history.”

Mr. Moloney’s address was greeted with much applause andcheering, and at this point Senator Carter of Montana arrived inthe hall and was escorted to his place at the head table by theSecretary-General and Mr. Moseley.

President-General Quinlan: “We are honored this evening by the presence of one of our most earnest members, whose distinguished services to his country in the United States Senate and earnest and unselfish devotion to the work of our Society endears him to all. It is with pleasure I introduce Hon. Thomas H. Carter, United States Senator from Montana.”

Senator Carter: “Mr. Toastmaster, Fellow Members of the Society, Ladies and Gentlemen: I am billed upon this program to deliver a ‘Capital Welcome.’ I at once disclaim ability to do that.

149“‘Capital Welcome’ seems to imply a good or excellent welcome,and that accomplishment is beyond me,—but I most cheerfully extendto you a cordial welcome to this, the Capital City of our commoncountry, and I sincerely hope that as you each depart from here,you will not feel impelled to write upon the register a sentimentsimilar to that written by one of our distinguished fellow-countrymenupon leaving a watering-place in England. Each of the partywas called upon to write on the register of the hostelry a sentiment,and one bright member wrote these words: ‘I came here for changeand rest; the porter has the change, the landlord the rest.’

“The man who wrote that was not the same man whom BrotherLee desires me to tell about, who described the kind of a man thatCasey was. The man at the head of the table said ‘What kind ofa man is Casey?’ ‘Well,’ says Murphy, ‘I’ll tell you what kind ofa man Casey is. I went over to Casey’s house. Says he to me,“Murphy, will you have a drink?” I says, “Of course I will, Mr.Casey.” He says, “Murphy, shall I pour or will you pour?”“Pour yourself,” says I, “Mr. Casey.” He says, “All right, tellme when to stop.” He poured out a drop or two, and out of politenessI said “Stop, Casey,” and Casey stopped. That’s the kindof a man Casey is.’

“This Society needs no welcome to the Capitol City of this nation.Wheresoever you may turn in viewing our parks or avenues or historichalls, you will see in bronze and in marble mute evidences ofthe appreciation expressed by a grateful people of the achievementsand contributions of the Irish and the Irish Americans, in buildingup and maintaining this great Republic.

“In LaFayette Square, immediately in front of the White House,is a statue of Andrew Jackson, a renowned President of the UnitedStates who was the son of an Irishman. Out in the northwest partof the city, but a few days ago, we assembled to unveil an equestrianstatue to a man whom General Grant pronounced the greatestsoldier of any time, the son of an Irishman, Philip Sheridan. Comedown but a little farther and you will find a square adorned withtrees and flowers, and in its center a beautiful statue to AdmiralFarragut, of Irish blood on his mother’s side. Over in Iowa circle,to the northeast of this point, is the statue of General John A.Logan, the son of an Irishman. Pennsylvania Avenue has beengazed upon for years and years by the sightless eyes of a bronzestatue of General John A. Rawlins, the confidential friend of thepeerless victor of Appomattox. General Rawlins was of Irish extraction.

“Across Pennsylvania Avenue from this hotel is a great building150in which throbs the heart of the mighty postal system of the countryfor which we will expend two hundred and thirty millions of dollarsduring this fiscal year. The first Postmaster-General admittedto the Cabinet of a President was John Barry, the son of an Irishman.And that reminds me of the way Cabinet officers are selected.It is generally supposed that the President’s Cabinet is organizedin conformity with law, but such is not the fact. One dayPostmaster Barry received a note reading thus: ‘Tomorrow andhereafter you will attend Cabinet meetings.’ Signed ‘Andrew Jackson.’It was that which established the custom of calling in thePostmaster-General as one of the counselors of the President of theUnited States, and that custom has been maintained to this day.

“Go through the hall of statuary in our Capitol, and there youwill find in marble men of proud fame in this country’s history—GeneralLouis Cass, Henry Wilson, General Shields and others,making a long roll of men of Irish birth or lineage which I willnot undertake to call here tonight.

“Just across the Potomac River, when the life of the nation wasassailed, Colonel Corcoran of New York was the first to move forwardwith the Stars and Stripes. When the Capitol was menacedfrom the southwest, ‘Phil’ Sheridan was there with his cavalry tomeet the enemy. When the fate of the nation was trembling in thebalance upon the historic field of Gettysburg, the Union Army wasdirected by the masterful mind of General Meade of Irish blood.

“I will not go back to the early days of the country’s history.It is sufficient to say that in a parliamentary inquiry as to the conductof the war against the colonies by a committee of the Houseof Commons of which Edmund Burke was a member, this interestingfact was brought forth. In the cross-examination of MajorGeneral Robertson, Mr. Burke asked the question, ‘Of what elementsis the Continental Army composed?’ Robertson said, ‘On authorityof General Lee, I inform you that more than half the ContinentalArmy is made up of Irishmen.’

“The illustrious names that adorn our country’s history are entitledto imperishable renown because of great deeds well done inthat Revolutionary struggle. Among them is a list of men of Irishbirth, beginning with the man who struck the first blow, GeneralSullivan, and continuing along the line to the close of the war. Andwhen I think of the contributions made, the common sufferings151endured, and the sacrifices made without limit as to time or circ*mstance,I say the Irish and their descendants are entitled to the privilegeof claiming with proud confidence that this is their own country.

“The history of Ireland is confined to an island with its curious,sad and heroic circ*mstances, but the history of the Irish peopleis limited only by the inhabitable portions of the globe.

“I have been, as you have been, chagrined to perceive the dispositionto rob these people of the credit which is truly and justlytheir due. Who can read of Burke and Goldsmith and Johnsonand Sheridan and Tyndale as English authors without a feeling thatsome one has been guilty of grand larceny and misrepresentation.

“Who can read the page of history which places Arthur Wellesleyas an Englishman without feeling that the hero of Waterloohas been misplaced? Why deny to this island, bereft of the rightto control its own destiny, the privilege of claiming the honor anddistinction properly due to the achievements of its distinguishedsons?

“It is desirable that a society like unto this should be establishedin England to change the trend which leads to error and confusion.What we undertake here should be undertaken there. I am gladthat this Society has taken up the work of developing the historyof the Irish and their descendants in the United States, for it isa great and glorious feature in American history. While proud ofthe past, while proud of the achievements of those whose deeds werecord, it is important, I think, that we should at the same timebear in mind the duty we owe to the future.

“I would that the Americans of Irish birth and descent in thiscountry could unite their energies and make of this force in Americanlife a leading force for higher conceptions of civic duty, aforce looking to better living, a force working for a civilizationsuch as has not been dreamed of by those who have struggled inthe past. This we may do while recording that which has goneby with fidelity and truth. Let us be true to ourselves by workingfor such conditions as will make our race more distinguished henceforthin its achievements than it has been in the splendid work ofthe past.”

152President-General Quinlan: The next and last toast of the evening is “Advantages of Historical Research to Irish Americans.” The response will be made by a noble American of Irish ancestry, who comes from the granary belt of the great Northwest, the land of Sitting Bull and the brave Sioux, where the ardent flames of patriotism burn with the intensity of true Americanism.

I take great pleasure in introducing to you, ladies and gentlemen,Hon. Robert J. Gamble, United States Senator from South Dakota.

Senator Gamble: Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: I accept the kindly and humorous felicitations of your President. I admit I hail from South Dakota, once the land of the Sioux, of Red Cloud and Sitting Bull. In these later years, however, it has been transformed with marvelous rapidity into an empire of wealth, of productiveness, of social and civic development, and with idealsat least equal to those of any in the Sisterhood of States. In herwonderful prosperity she has been as jealous of the one as the other.In her Constitution and in her laws she has sought to make libertysecure, to foster and provide for the education of her children, toencourage the highest ideals of citizenship, to inspire a patriotismworthy of the opportunities of her people. Along all of these lineswe feel South Dakota has met with a high degree of success. Shestands almost the lowest in the percentage of illiteracy of her population.Pauperism is scarcely observable. Wealth and comfort arevery generally diffused amongst her people. Her schools and collegesare equal to the necessities of the state. The door of opportunity153is open to all. For more than a decade she has producedeach year more wealth per capita than any other state in the Union.(Applause.)

Mr. President, at this late hour I give you assurance of brevityin what I have to say. I appreciate very much the compliment ofyour invitation, and indeed it is a great pleasure to be present on thisoccasion and to respond to the toast to which I have been assigned.

The history of Ireland in itself is a sad one, but the high purposeand invincible courage of her manhood and her womanhood,their high ideals and devotion to liberty and to national integrity,have been fraught with blessings and have brought encouragementto human liberty the world over. (Applause.)

Within the circ*mscribed limits of their own nationality successrarely crowned the patriotic efforts and heroic struggle for libertyof the Irish people. Their field of activity, however, has not beenconfined to the land of their birth, and has been limited only whereverhumanity has asserted itself against tyranny and in a strugglefor better conditions and for orderly liberty.

America owes a wonderful debt of gratitude to the Irish race.We must recognize that preceding American independence there wasa strong element of our population composed of Irish Americans.

Among the strongest advocates for American independence wereIrishmen, or the descendants of Irishmen. Hanco*ck and Rutledgeand the Carrolls and their co-workers contributed vastly to thedevelopment of a National spirit. The work of these strong, patrioticand efficient men had much to do with drawing the colonies togetherin united effort and cementing their interests in the commoncause. Their voices had long been raised in protest against theMother Country before the musketry was heard at Lexington. Thesebrave and courageous men, and their associates, with their large visionand patriotic purpose, pointed out the way and crystalized thesentiment for national independence. The work they performed forthe cause of national independence, though different in character,was as important in its way as that of the actual participants in thefield, of the general or the soldier.

As indicative of the high character of the Irish race, and oftheir activities and large influence in the formative period of ourNational history it is gratifying and with a sense of pride in thispresence to state that in the First Continental Congress, with a membership154of fifty-four, eleven were Irish or of Irish descent. Thesame race has also to its credit three presidents of the Republicwhose ancestors came from the Emerald Isle. And Roosevelt, anhonored member of this Society, not only our President, but the mostdistinguished citizen of the world, takes pride in the fact that hecan trace his lineage to this indomitable people. (Applause.)

Of the membership of the Continental Congress that put forththe immortal Declaration of Independence, twenty per cent was Irishor of Irish descent. The hand of Thompson that first transcribedit upon parchment was Irish; the first signature that was placed toit as President was that of John Hanco*ck, an Irishman-American;and when those immortal words were read for the first time to theassembled multitude from the balcony of Continental Hall at Philadelphia,it was by the voice of an Irishman, Mr. Nixon; and whenit was placed in type for the first time it was by one Dunlap, anIrish printer.

In the spring of 1777, when Congress appointed eighteen brigadier-generals,six of those who were thus commissioned were Irishby birth or descent. Among the number were the dashing and brilliantMad Anthony Wayne and the strong and courageous Clinton.I need only speak of the accomplished Montgomery, whose valorhas been justly praised and who died a hero’s death upon the plainsof Quebec, or of Sullivan, the splendid leader and the associate ofWashington, upon whom the latter leaned more than upon any other,and for whose great service the thanks of Congress were extended;of Knox and Stark and many others who were ideal and successfulleaders in the great Revolutionary struggle. It has been asserted,but undoubtedly with very much exaggeration, that half of theContinental Army were Irish or of Irish descent. Even if this benot true it must be admitted that the race had a large representationin the Army, and it speaks well for their patriotism and devotion tothe cause of American Independence.

The Irish race I think can take a just pride in the accomplishmentsof its people, not only as statesmen and leaders in contributingvastly towards shaping the policies of the colonies in the formativeperiod of our history with a view to the ultimate forming of theFederal Union, and also in leadership and on men in the field ofbattle.

But it was not alone upon the land that the heroism of the race155asserted itself in the cause for National Independence. If not thefirst, at least among the first naval fights of the Revolution was thecapture of the British ship Margaretta at Machias Bay on the Coastof Maine on May 11, 1775. The Americans were commanded byCaptain O’Brien, the son of an Irish immigrant. This victory hasfrequently been called “The Lexington of the Seas.”

It was John Barry, a native of Ireland, who received one of thefirst naval commissions from Congress. Through his ability andleadership and his many well earned victories he brought the highestcredit to America upon the seas. Commodore Barry today is justlycalled “The Father of the American Navy.” He was the greatnaval commander of the Revolution. I might name many otherdistinguished officers of this nationality who rendered conspicuousservice to their country and added to the fame of the Navy in thewar of the Revolution.

Irish womanhood also gave evidence of its devotion and heroismin the person of Mollie Pitcher, who took the place at the cannonof her fallen husband and is accorded a hero’s place in the battleof Monmouth.

The devotion of those of Irish blood did not exhaust itself in thecause of the Revolution alone. In the War of 1812 it contributedsome of its most conspicuous figures. It was Jackson at New Orleans,Commodore Stewart on the sea with his Constitution, McDonoughon Lake Champlain and Perry on Lake Erie that won imperishableglory for the American Army and Navy in that War.

In the war with Mexico the men of this race had representativesin the persons of Generals Kearney and Shields. The latter alsoreceived the exceptional distinction of having been elected to aseat in the United States Senate on three different occasions inseparate elections from three different states.

In the recent war, among the most illustrious names is that ofGeneral Sheridan, the son of an Irishman, and although less conspicuousothers of the same blood rendered high service to theircountry, and amongst them are such honored names as Meade, Logan,Meagher, Mulligan, Shields and Corcoran.

It is no idle boast to assert that the names of the men of Irishblood adorn the most conspicuous pages of the history of the Republic.They aided as wise, safe and patriotic counsellors in layingthe foundations of our institutions. They fought with heroism156and devotion in the struggle for independence, both upon the landand upon the sea. In every trial and test that has come to us inour history they have made willing and great sacrifice to defend thehonor of their country and to perpetuate and sustain her institutions.

Ireland has contributed much to the Republic. In a high degreethe race has been unselfish. The devotion of the race has not alonebeen confined to the United States. It has been frequently andtruthfully said though not always gratefully and freely admitted thatshe gave a Wellington to England and in these later years she hasalso contributed a Wolsey, a Roberts and a Kitchener. To Franceshe gave McMahon, and to Spain an O’Donnell.

Many of her brave and devoted men followed Bolivar in SouthAmerica and aided materially in laying the foundations of the Republicin the Southern Hemisphere.

On every field of human endeavor the Irish name has a conspicuousplace. In statesmanship she has given Burke, who enrichedour language with his oratory. She supplied also Phillips,Grattan and O’Connell.

In literature she has been most generous in giving to the worldGoldsmith, Moore, Collins, Knowles, Sheridan and a host of others.In the sciences she has contributed Lardner, Rowe, Proctor,Tyndall, Faraday and our own Fulton.

Nor has she been lacking in the field of Art, but America adoptedas her own the gifted St. Gaudens. In philosophy and theologyshe has many distinguished names.

Mr. President, in conclusion I would state I believe “The advantagesof Historical research to Irish Americans” will give them amore just appreciation of the Irish character, of the services theyhave rendered in founding, sustaining and perpetuating our institutionsand in maintaining the highest ideals of our common country.

President-General Quinlan: One final word. The Secretary-General wishes to say something, and I know it will interest you all.

Secretary-General Lee: Mr. Chairman, I move you that the thanks of the American Irish Historical Society be tendered the speakers of the evening for their excellent services in our behalf, and that the entire address of each be printed in the Journal.

Motion carried by unanimous vote.

157Secretary-General Lee: Mr. Chairman, I move you that the thanks of the Society and its invited guests are justly due and are hereby tendered Mr. Thomas J. Talty, Manager of the Hotel Raleigh, for his careful personal attention to the banquet and its details, and for his uniform courtesy to members and guests.

Motion carried by unanimous vote.

Secretary-General Lee: Mr. Chairman, I move you that the thanks of the Society be tendered to our fellow-member, Mr. Henry L. Joyce, Manager of the Marine Department of the Central Railroad Company of New Jersey, to Mr. W. C. Hope, General Passenger Agent of said Railroad, and to Mr. P. Wilfred Heroy, Eastern Passenger Agent of said Railroad, for their courtesy to membersand guests of the Society and for their successful efforts to make ourtrip by special train pleasant and comfortable.

Motion carried by unanimous vote.

President-General Quinlan: This ends the proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Banquet of the Society. I thank you one and all for your attendance. The next annual dinner will take place in the city of New York, and we hope you will all be with us there and that the attendance will be even greater than tonight.

There being no further business before the Society, I declare thismeeting adjourned.

COMMITTEES.

The Committee in charge of the entire proceedings in Washingtonwere as follows:

NOTES.

The entire proceedings of the Reception by President Roosevelt,Annual Meeting and Eleventh Annual Dinner were stenographicallyreported by Miss Viola Follis of Providence, R. I., and by hertranscribed. Within a few days afterwards, a copy of his speechwas furnished each speaker, so that it would come to the hands ofthe Editor of the Journal exactly as the speaker wished it finally toread.

The stenographic report and transcription were absolutely completeand without error.

The floral decorations on the tables and walls were beautifuland lavish, and at the termination of the dinner some of the nicepieces were sent to the quarters of our lady guests, while the remainderwere sent to the hospitals.

During the evening music was furnished by a good orchestra.The words of “Star Spangled Banner,” “Columbia, the Gem of theOcean,” “Wearing of the Green,” “Minstrel Boy,” and “YankeeDoodle” were printed on the program, and the assemblage, accompaniedby the musicians, sung these songs with a will.

159A large number of guests left Washington Sunday, January 17th,on the Royal Blue Line 3 p. m. express for New York, and fortheir comfort special cars were attached exclusively for their use.In the dining car a special dinner was prepared and served underthe supervision of Conductor Lewis A. Herring, which was enjoyedby nearly all who returned on that train, and he made the occasionenjoyable by pointing out several interesting bits of scenery en route,among which was the place where Washington crossed the Delaware.The menu was as follows:

A special meeting of the American Irish Historical Society washeld in Room 124, Hotel Raleigh, Washington, D. C., this day at1.30 p. m., President-General Quinlan in the chair.

On motion of Mr. Donovan of New York, it was voted to revisethe constitution and by-laws of the Society, and the President-Generalwas instructed to appoint a committee of five to do this work,they to report to the Executive Council.

On motion of Mr. T. Vincent Butler of New York, the thanks ofthe Society were tendered to the President-General and the Secretary-Generalfor their efficient services in preparing for “the grandestmeeting the Society has ever held.” Mr. Butler, in support of160his motion, made interesting remarks concerning our fellow-member,President Roosevelt.

The President-General later announced that he had appointed thefollowing gentlemen members of the Committee to Revise the Constitutionand By-Laws: Messrs. Michael J. Jordan, Patrick J.McCarthy, Joseph T. Ryan, John E. O’Brien and Thomas Z. Lee.

Short addresses were made by the President-General and severalother members on subjects connected with the welfare of the Society,after which the meeting adjourned.

Honorary State Regent for Rhode Island, National SocietyDaughters of the American Revolution, Great-Great-Granddaughterof Thomas Hughes, Captain in the Warof the Revolution and Major in the War of 1812 andan Original Member of the Rhode Island Society of theCincinnati—a Man of Irish Parentage.

Who that visits Italy can fail to be inspired by the ruins of the Forum and the palaces of the Cæsars on the Palatine? The Italian Government has done wisely in making its work of excavation a work also of restoration by replacing as far as possible the statues and monuments of ancient time in their original positions, and in entrusting visitors to the care of guides educated for their duties bya university course in the history and archæology of the Eternal City.Such a guide, after a whole day spent in enthusiastic descriptions ofthe temples, public buildings, rostra and tombs of the Forum, wasasked, “How happens it that you are so very enthusiastic over allthis, when it is your duty to make this round day after day?”Never will the hearer forget his reply as, drawing himself up to hisfull height, he exclaimed with the proudest, loftiest accent, “I ama Roman.”

“The grandeur that was Rome” was the spirit of her citizens,their expression in the life of their city, of their high ideals. Whenthese ideals failed to inspire, Rome fell.

That which makes a State is the character of its citizens. One ofthe strongest influences in the moulding of character is the exampleof the heroes of the past. Preservation of the history of those whohelped to make and mould the nation is, therefore, essential to themaintenance of patriotism. Indeed, it is essential to the true moraldevelopment of the nation,—to the very preservation of the nation.

One great advantage of the memorial tablet and the statue over theprinted page is that the former are seen and understood by all, while164the pages of history are only turned by those who have a certain degreeof education and interest. “What mean ye by these stones?”the children in the land of Canaan would ask, gazing upon the heapof twelve smooth stones by the banks of the Jordan. Then wouldthe fathers in Israel reply, “Because the waters of Jordan were cutoff before the Ark of the Covenant of the Lord, and these stonesfrom the bed of the river are for a memorial forever of Jehovah’sleadership of his people through the dry bed of the river into thepromised land.”

The historical and patriotic societies of the United States aredoing a much needed work by the erection of tablets and the markingof historic spots. A want of reverence for those who foundedour nation and fought to establish it; a carelessness as to the lessonsto be learned from the early history of the country; a desecrationof places consecrated by the blood of our heroes, had much todo with making us, in appearance, a flippant, boastful people, gloryingonly in the “bigness” of our country and what our own generationwas doing, in short, the boastful Yankee caricatured by ourEuropean kinsmen.

That temper has changed. While the greater seriousness withwhich the American people undertake their problems of governmentis no doubt in part due to territorial expansion and greater internationalrelations, credit must also be given to the impressive influenceof the memorials placed in our State houses, our parks, alongour streets, commemorating the worthy deeds of our ancestors.

It is then a direct benefit to the State, and aid to good government,and to the realization of the highest civic ideals, to place,where all can see, memorials reciting the virtues and the heroicdeeds of men like Washington, Lincoln, Greene, Sullivan, Shermanand a host of others whose splendid achievements, in war and inpeace, are a part of our heritage as American citizens, and are theinspiration of our youth to give also of their best, in talents andin loyal, patriotic effort; to make our country great in the bestsense,—great in the character of its citizens, great in the accomplishmentof high ideals; great in the enjoyment by all of the blessingsof liberty.

Providence, R. I., February 12, 1909.

Ceremony Takes Place at Handsome Building, Corner Pineand Byron Streets, in Presence of Clergy, ProminentBusiness Men and Representatives of Religious Denominations.

In the presence of members of the clergy, prominent business men and representatives of various religious denominations, the new Day Nursery, erected at Pine and Byron streets as a memorial to Edward A. Carter, by his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Carter, was formally transferred to Bishop Matthew Harkins at 11 o’clock yesterday morning. Previous to this ceremony there was a low Mass, at whichBishop Harkins was the celebrant, Rev. Austin Dowling, also amember of the American Irish Historical Society, acting as his assistant,at which time the building was blessed.

A large audience assembled in the hall on the second floor to witnessthe transfer of the keys, the deed and other documents to theBishop. It numbered men and women prominent in the businessand social life of the city, as well as others interested in charitablework.

After Bishop Harkins, wearing the purple robes of his office, hadtaken a seat on the stage, with Fr. Dowling on his right and Rev.William Pyne on his left, Mr. Carter made the following speech inpresenting the structure to the Bishop:

MR. CARTER’S ADDRESS.

“Bishop Harkins: In my own name and that of Mrs. Carter Ihave great pleasure in handing over to you this morning, as the representativeof Nazareth home and the head of the diocese of Providence,the keys of the Edward A. Carter Memorial, the receipted166bills for its cost and a paid-up five years’ policy of insurance on thebuilding for $15,000.

“I am sure it is a happy moment for Mrs. Carter and for me;I may say, the proudest moment of our lives, to be in a position tocommemorate in this way our son who gave such promise in his youth,and who was taken from us so suddenly.

“A little more than a year ago we laid him away in St. FrancisCemetery and with him the hopes that we had built upon, but themoney which would have been his to invest in business had he livedwe have resolved to lay aside for his memory in another kind of investment.

“This is our only stipulation—that it be administered prudently,scientifically, but with mercy and in the spirit of Christian charity.

“We have no fear, Bishop, that the money which we have givento the Nazareth Home will ever be diverted from the purpose forwhich we intend it. We require no bonds from you, for your highstanding makes the ordinary safeguard of business in this case unnecessary.Into whatever hands you entrust it, we feel certain thatthey will execute what we plan.

“You, ladies of the Queen’s Daughters, honor us with your presencehere today. You have presided at the formation of this work;your ideas are here incorporated and you have pledged yourselves toits support; therefore, may I be the first to welcome you to its hospitality.

“Let me then, Bishop Harkins, in closing, hand over to you theseevidences that the building so happily completed is entirely unencumbered;and let me assure you that while in doing so I now resignthe responsibility which has been my preoccupation and pleasure forseveral months, still, while either Mrs. Carter or myself live, ourhearts are in this building, both for the name it bears and for thework which we have confidence it will never fail to do in our community.”

RESPONSE OF BISHOP.

In response Bishop Harkins said in part: “Mr. and Mrs. Carter,I receive very willingly and gratefully these evidences of yourgenerosity. I express to you my thanks and those of the entire community.There may have been other cases in the United States likethis, but this is the first case that has come to my knowledge where167a memorial of this kind has been reared to an apparently lost, butnot really lost, son.

“This is a very special, a very peculiar case. It shows not onlya very strong affection, but a very lively faith. It is that faith thatis necessary, a faith in the future, a realization that death does notend all.

“Your son was a Cathedral boy, and when I say that I speak witha considerable degree of pride. He was one of us and we knewhim and loved him. You determined that he should live on in acertain way and live just about where he lived when he was here.So you have made your boy to live; you have given him a kind ofearthly immortality, if I may use that term.

“He will live in the persons of the poor children who will becared for here. They will have the uplifting influence of the goodsisters, the Queen’s Daughters, the clergy, and all who can help themin any way. Yet it will be he who will be living here.

“I thank you in my own name and in the name of the diocese ofProvidence. I am sure that all those here present agree that no betterexample can be given a community than that given here today.There is gratitude in the hearts of all the citizens of Providence forthis gift.

“In the name of the sisters who will have charge of this institution,I wish to thank you. I welcomed them to our city here inProvidence, for I knew that I could not do greater service than tobring here the wise and careful administration of charitable workthey have always shown. They will be mothers to the children.They will try to give, and will well-nigh succeed in giving, all thematernal love that is given children in the most favored homes.They will train them not only in their duties to the church, but inevery duty they must perform in civil life.”

In conclusion Bishop Harkins paid a tribute to the Queen’sDaughters, the organization which has assumed the maintenance ofthe institution.

DONORS ARE HONORED.

After the Bishop’s address, Miss Mary A. McArdle, President ofthe Queen’s Daughters, made a brief address, in which she statedthat Mr. and Mrs. Carter had been elected honorary members ofthe Daughters of the Queen of Heaven, concluding by presenting to168Mrs. Carter a bouquet of roses, in number the same as the years oflife of the son in whose memory the structure was given.

Mr. Carter responded briefly and the visitors then inspected thebuilding, many registering in the book provided for that purpose.

Among those present were: Mgr. Thomas F. Doran, Vicar Generalof the diocese; Rev. Owen F. Clarke, Rev. Edward E. Seagrave,Rev. D. F. Lowney, Rev. James C. Walsh, Rev. M. J.McCabe, Mayor P. J. McCarthy, Mayor-elect Henry Fletcher, Attorney-GeneralWilliam B. Greenough, Assistant Attorney-GeneralHarry P. Cross, Cyrus P. Brown, Col. Cyrus M. Van Slyck, JudgeFrank E. Fitzsimmons, Judge Thomas Z. Lee, John E. Canning andThomas F. Monahan.

MODEL INSTITUTION.

This nursery, said to be one of the finest institutions of its kindin the country, has been erected for the accommodation of poor children,regardless of race, creed or color. The Queen’s Daughters,a body of Catholic women with a membership of 700, which was organizedin January of the present year for the performance of charitableworks, has assumed its maintenance. The organization is affiliatedwith the Queen’s Daughters of St. Louis, formed in 1889 bythirty-two women of that city for charitable purposes.

The Sisters of the Holy Ghost, also known as the White Sisters,to whom the institution was donated, first came to work among thesick poor in this city in September, 1907. In their errands of mercythey found that a day nursery was very much needed in the sectionin which their home is located. The two day nurseries already establishedhave been unable to take care of all the children, both havinglong waiting lists, and the building blessed yesterday will relievethe situation to a considerable degree.

The building is admirably arranged, the purpose for which it willbe used having been taken into careful consideration by the architects,Stone, Carpenter & Sheldon, and the ideas of the architectsbeing faithfully carried out by the builder, M. J. Houlihan.

169Mr. Carter’s intelligent liberality has rendered possible in Providencea charity of peculiar value. The handsome building is a bettermonument to his son’s memory than the most costly sarcophaguswould be. It bids fair for many years to come to minister to theneeds of great numbers of children of tender age whose parents cannotcare for them during the working hours of the day; and thecommunity would have double reason to congratulate itself if theexample set by these donors were to inspire other citizens of Providenceto similar generous gifts. There are twenty-three thousandwomen in this city who are employed in gainful occupations, andmany of them are married, with small children to provide for. Itis difficult to think of a more useful institution than one that helpsto lighten the domestic anxieties of these workers during their enforcedabsence from home.

Mr. Carter is a member of the American Irish Historical Societyand of its Executive Council and served on the Reception Committeeat the events in Washington January 16, 1909.

WAR RECORD OF COLONEL JAMES QUINLAN.

In Volume VI of the Journal appeared a short sketch of Colonel Quinlan’s life, in which his military record was incomplete and the date of birth and receipt of certain commissions were incorrectly stated. The data having been carefully collected and verified, a revised sketch is hereby submitted:

James Quinlan was born in Tipperary, Ireland, September 13,1833, and came to New York in 1850 and there studied engineering.In 1853 he joined the National Guard and became a member of theSixty-Ninth Regiment, being commissioned a Lieutenant in 1855,under Charles S. Roe, and commissioned Captain in 1856.

On April 23, 1861, a few days after the fall of Fort Sumter, heleft New York with the Sixty-Ninth as Captain of Engineers. Hewas present at the battle of Blackburn’s Ford, July 18th, and BullRun July 21st, where he was severely wounded. After this battleActing Brigadier-General T. F. Meagher recruited the celebratedIrish Brigade, and he was commissioned Major of the Eighty-EighthNew York Infantry, one of the regiments of that organization, in1861, and ordered by General Meagher to proceed to Fort Schuyler170and take command there until further orders. (As far as we know,he was the first volunteer officer to take command of a Fort in theCivil War.) He was present in all the battles of that famousBrigade in the Peninsular Campaign and commanded the regimentall through the Seven Days’ fighting. He won his Medal of Honorby leading a charge on a Confederate battery at Savage Station, Va.,June 29, 1862. The battery in question was one of six guns, andhad been very annoying to the Union troops. Several other regimentshad made efforts to silence it, but without avail. General W.W. Burns, U. S. A., who was in command on that memorable day,wrote at the time Major Quinlan received his Medal of Honor asfollows: “The Medal of Honor won by your gallant charge whichsilenced the enemy’s battery at Savage Station and closed that desperateattack upon the rear of the Army of the Potomac, June 29,1862, is a just reward and memento for conspicuous bravery duefrom a grateful Republic to the brave leader of the gallant Eighty-EighthNew York. No one can feel more satisfaction for this signalproof of distinction and glory than your old Commander of thatday. The Eighty-Eighth saved the lives of many gallant soldiersby that forlorn-hope charge, and cleared our way to victory thatday. It commemorated the charge of the Irish Brigade at Fontenoy.”In the Circular “Medals of Honor” issued by the War DepartmentOctober 31, 1897, the ground of award of Major Quinlan’s medal isas follows: “Led his regiment on the enemy’s battery, silenced theguns, held the position against overwhelming numbers, and coveredthe retreat of the Second Army Corps.” He was honorably mentionedby General McClellan for bravery at Malvern Hill and Antietam.He was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel on September 22,1862, and received his honorable discharge for disability on medicalcertificate February 4, 1863.

After a few weeks’ illness of heart trouble he died at his home,104 East 96th Street, August 29, 1906.

And so has passed into history the name of a citizen of foreignbirth, who owed allegiance to the whole of his adopted country, andwhen her troubles came he was found early at the front, dedicatinghis all to her perpetuity.

A firm, honest friend, a devoted Christian, a loyal brave soldierwent to his rest when James Quinlan joined the soldiers of our greatRepublic who had gone before.

Sketch of His Life. One of His Favorite Poems.

A great editor laid down forever a brilliant, beautiful and useful pen when Joseph O’Connor, the Rochesterian, passed into Eternity from his home in Rochester on the night of October 9, 1908.

In a few hours the news had flashed to all points of the compass,bringing a pause and a hush of sadness to thousands of homes, fromMaine to California, wherein his unique personality was known andloved through his nearly forty years of journalistic leadership.

Born in New York State of Irish parents in 1841, he was educatedin the best schools of his native State for the practice of the law, buthe early chose journalism instead of law for his life work and hemade a magnificent success of it.

He brought to the work a mind well-stocked with more of the truehistory of the world than falls to the lot of most students of history.He brought to his work a mind imbued with the true Christianphilosophy of the Catholic catechism. He had formed fromyouth up a habit of broad, kindly outlook on things in general. Heassumed and maintained a manly attitude in politics, uncompromisingin principle, but tolerant of other men’s opinions. He had a bornpoet’s appreciation of true poetry, and a literary judgment that cameto be universally respected. He had a gift of expression as a modelof unique, finished, sincere writing. And his humility was the bestof it all.

He won his readers to his way of seeing things as much by thevery apparent unconsciousness of his own superiority as by his logicalpresentation of his subject.

Through all his long life of varied editorship and many degreesof political and literary success, there is no pessimism charged tohis account, no animosity, no bitterness; not even discourtesy.

Many a time in the heat of a political campaign he had to strikeat a champion of the other side, but his blow was always leonine.172It was a settler of the subject in dispute, but it left no ugly memories—nogalling personalities ever marred his political battles.

He scored his successes by the friendly hand shakes of his worstedantagonists.

He prized his independence in politics, and never jeopardized itby accepting favors or honors from friend or foe.

With one or two exceptions, every change that he made in his positionwas due to his insistent desire to maintain his personal independenceas a writer. He left the Indianapolis Sentinel becausehe did not wish to conform to its political policy. His editorialwork on the New York World became irksome on this same account.He broke with the managers of the Buffalo Courier in 1886because he disliked Grover Cleveland and because he did not proposeto stultify his editorial utterances in a newspaper whose proprietorwas specially friendly at the time to the Buffalo President.He is said to have refused a flattering offer from Charles A. Dana tobecome editorial writer on the New York Sun because he did notbelieve he could conform to Mr. Dana’s ideas, however much hemight admire the genius of that brilliant editor.

He set his editorial chair on a calm high level and from it addresseddaily a clientele that loyally followed him in all his journeyingsthrough fields of philosophy, history, poetry, romance and eventhe common things of everyday life. To read him once was toseek him again and remain his disciple.

He might have made his fame rest on his poetry, but he subordinatedthat gift to his passion for regular, constant work in hiseditorial chair, indulging in flights of fancy only as a pastime.

Mr. O’Connor was a master of the English language; indeed, itis doubtful if any man on the American press ever wrote it better.Some twenty years ago a correspondent of the New York Sun askedMr. Dana for information regarding literary style. In the course ofhis reply he said:

“Among the newspaper writers of our own country and of thepresent day, perhaps the best style is that of Mr. Joseph O’Connor,the editor of The Post Express of Rochester. It is terse, lucid,calm, argumentative, and without a trace of effort or affectation.”

After quoting this tribute, said Father Cronin of the BuffaloUnion and Times: “It is no small source of pride and gratificationto us to know that one of the great princes of American journalism173is an Irish American. Mr. O’Connor’s pen is like the Damasceneblade, polished and beautiful, yet withal so smooth and keen thatthe victim of its blow is severed in twain almost without realizing thecatastrophe. Long may Joseph O’Connor wield it, as he has alwayswielded it, a menace to evil and a swift and sure protection to theright.”

All over the State of New York the daily and weekly papers, theday after his death, contained most flattering and affectionate tributesto his memory, and these were echoed and reinforced since bythe press of the whole country, for “The Rochesterian” gave the keyto the right solution of many a question to hundreds of editors whosought in the exchanges for “J. O’C’s” latest.

Said the Rochester Times: “For intelligence and insight he hadfew peers among the great journalists of his time; but in additionhe had what some more renowned than he have lacked—absolutebravery of conviction. His pen was unconditionally consecrated totruth as he saw truth; and nothing could weaken his allegiance.It is familiar history that he could have held some of the highestposts in American journalism had he been willing to bend his honoror relax his sincerity.”

“Intellectually,” says the Syracuse Herald, “he was one of thefrankest and bravest of men, never hesitating to champion a causethat appealed to his reason or humanity because it happened to betemporarily unpopular.”

“Journalism,” says the Troy Press, “loses a philosophical writer,a brilliant scholar and a veritable ‘knowledge-box’ in the death ofJoseph O’Connor of The Post Express. He was one of the feweditors whose talent and resources were so abounding that adequatelyto replace him is practically out of the question.”

“He set before the men of his profession,” says the RochesterHerald, “an example of frankness, courage, and independence whichis emulated wherever it is possible to follow it, and is admired andenvied where conditions do not permit of its acceptance. The utterancesof newspapers, elsewhere in the country as well as here, aremore sincere, more fearless, and freer from cant and sham becauseof the ideals revered and upheld by Joseph O’Connor.”

“Mr. O’Connor,” says the Rochester Times, “was a man of extensiveacquaintance, of legions of friends but with few ‘cronies.’Among these favored few might be numbered Rev. Louis A. Lambert174of Scottsville, editor-in-chief of the New York Freeman’sJournal; Rev. John L. Codyre of Fairport, Judge John D. Lynn,and a few others. His friendships were for literary charactersand their conversation was of the ultra intellectual thought. Abstrusetheological and philosophical problems were discussed with asmuch freedom as ordinary persons talk of the weather. Yet Mr.O’Connor in his kindly, lovable, winsome way could talk entertaininglyon the commonest topic with any acquaintance and his wasthe tactful manner which never made one feel his smallness beforehim.”

Such is the tribute paid him by the Rochester, N. Y., Herald ofOctober 10th, 1908, in its editorial column.

The Society, in response to its request for further information forits archives, received the following communication from Mr. O’Connor’slifelong friend, Edmond Redmond, Esq., which we print infull:

Dear Sir: I duly received your letter of the 5th instant requesting suchmaterial as I may have in relation to a biographical sketch of the late JosephO’Connor.

I assume that you have seen the notices printed in Rochester and othernewspapers immediately following his decease. I regret that I can add butlittle to those eulogies, which were, I have reason to believe, written by intimateassociates and came from the heart.

I thought that less was said by his recent friends about his interest inIreland and her cause than deserves to be known. And on that point I cantestify from acquaintance with him that few things were nearer or dearer tohim than the land of his ancestors. His pen and voice were ever ready towork in the cause of Ireland, and I have no doubt that his personal fortunes, inthe ordinary commercial sense, suffered from the persistence with which, allthrough life, he continued to bring to the attention of an indifferent publicthe wrongs inflicted on the people of the island. It was, however, a labor oflove with him, and his zeal in the cause continued to the end. He had noconfidence in secret societies effecting any great good in Irish politics; buthe gave hearty support to the Land League in Parnell’s day. He was a delegateto the famous Land League convention of 1886 in Chicago, and wasurged by friends to let them propose him for President of the American branchof the Society. He has been heard to say that he was indebted to the LandLeague for the experience which enabled him in later years to feel at homeon his feet while engaged in public speaking on other subjects.

175His regard for Ireland could not have been stronger had he been a nativeof the land, and it was evidently inherited. Years ago he heard a friendhumming “As Slow Our Ship Her Foamy Track,” and said that when hisfather was leaving Ireland a group gathered about him on the deck of the shipas he sung that song, and before it was finished they were all in tears.

Although usually slow to anger, he was liable to be moved on hearing thecreditable deeds of plain Irishmen ascribed, as they are so often, to the “Scotch-Irish,”—adesignation which he detested, employed as it usually is to detractfrom Ireland the reflected honor to which she is entitled from the worthyfame of her children.

If the nature and scope of the work which you have in hand permits ofeulogy, it would be impossible to speak too highly of O’Connor’s character.In both public and private life he was the soul of honor. His talents wereof the first order and always exerted toward good ends. His integrity was unbounding.Like Gay his “manners were gentle, his affections mild.” In aword he was a really great and uncommonly good citizen, a true and nobleman. One of his favorite poets was Goldsmith and I cannot better end thistoo brief sketch than with what the author of “The Deserted Village” said ofReynolds:—

Mr. O’Connor was the author of many poems, and in 1895 thePutnams brought out a little volume of his modestly entitled“Poems.” Many of the shorter poems in the book are characterizedby delicate fancy and graceful rhyming; such poems as “HerHands,” “Water Lilies,” and the “Wine Song.” He favored thesesmaller, slighter children of his fancy. He thought the best poemhe ever wrote was “The Cavalier Sword,” and next in order heplaced “The Fount of Castaly.” In our opinion “Her Hands” isthe sweetest and most graceful of them all, and we print it herewith:

HER HANDS.

David Irwin of San Francisco, an Irishman, formerly First Lieutenant of Company F, Third Rhode Island Heavy Artillery, who served under Gen. Charles R. Brayton, a guest and speaker at the dedication of the Society of the Sullivan Memorial December 16, 1908, has recently written a sketch of his service in the Army, and while compiling the story ran across several notes of incidents inArmy life which directly concern Chief of Police Patrick Egan, ofProvidence, R. I.

Mr. Irwin has forwarded the information to General Brayton,in order that it may be preserved in the archives of the State. Inhis letter Mr. Irwin says: “Being a native of the Emerald Isle,I claim the right to make a little Irish bull by saying that when Ienlisted at Providence the only man I knew in my regiment was a boyfifteen years old. The day that I made up my mind to be one of the’200,000 more’ called for by President Lincoln, I went into theworkshop where this boy was learning the shoe trade and said to him,‘Patsy, I am going to enlist. Don’t you want to go?’

“He looked up with a smile on his face and replied: ‘Yes, ifyou will.’

“‘All right,’ I said, ‘come along. I’m going.’

“I can imagine I see him now getting up from his bench, takingoff his apron, throwing it down and putting on his coat.

“Away we went to the recruiting office and signed the roll, hegiving his age as seventeen, which no one doubted. He was tall forhis years.

“I had hoped we would be placed in the same company, that Imight be near him and keep an eye on him, for I felt somewhat responsiblefor taking him away from his widowed mother, but fateor fortunes of war willed it otherwise. I was assigned to CompanyG and he to Company C, which was afterward mounted as a lightbattery. However, he soon proved to be well able to take care ofhimself, except, perhaps, on one occasion.

178“That was soon after the Port Royal, S. C., expedition,” Mr. Irwinexplains, “of which our regiment was a part, sailed from HamptonRoads late in October, 1861, the land forces, consisting of about12,500 men, being under Gen. Thomas W. Sherman, and a fleet ofseventeen warships and thirty transports and supply vessels, commandedby Commodore Samuel F. DuPont.

“About a week before sailing our regiment embarked on an oldsteamship, which had been used for carrying cotton from NewOrleans to New York. Patsy’s company happened to be assignedto the poorest quarters on the ship—the lower hold. The accommodationsfor 1,000 men were none too good, consequently, we hadmore or less sickness on board.

“Hearing one day that Patsy was ill, I went in search of him, andfound him in a dark, poorly ventilated hole. He was a very sickboy. I took him up to my company’s quarters and put him intoa berth near the hatchway, where he got better air, and, with a littlecare—the best we could give him under the circ*mstances, aswe were then off Cape Hatteras and having very stormy weather—hesoon recovered and in a few days he was himself again.

“It may not be out of place to relate here a little incident whichtook place one night during the height of the storm. About midnightthe rain was coming down in sheets, the sea running high andthe wind blowing a gale, when, in an instant, over went the old shipon her beam’s end. This caused quite a commotion among the boys—wewere all called ‘boys’ then—some of whom rushed to the hatchwayto get on deck, but were prevailed upon to remain below. Oneof the foremost of them, ‘Jim’ Burns, a countryman of mine, droppedon his knees on the stairs and commenced praying like a good fellow.The others quieted down and paid all due respect to Jimand his prayers. In a few minutes the ship righted again, and ina short time the worst of the storm was over.

“Next day things looked a little brighter and some of the boysthought they might have a little fun at Jim’s expense. Being FirstSergeant of the company, they suggested that I appoint Jim Chaplainof the company, seeing he had made such a good prayer the night before.When I told him of their wishes, he looked at me with atwinkle in his eye and replied:

“‘No you don’t appoint me Chaplain. Let them go to the ‘divil,’and do their own prayin’.’

179“After losing four of our supply vessels during the storm, wearrived at our destination on the morning of November 7, 1861, andwitnessed the same day the bombardment and capture by the Navyof Fort Walker on Hilton Head, and Fort Beauregard on Bay Point,S. C. We landed on the ‘sacred soil’ late in the afternoon, ourregiment taking possession of the abandoned rebel fortifications.

“I saw but little of Patsy after this. Active operations were sooncommenced, our regiment was broken up and the companies scatteredover the islands and swamps about Charleston and Savannah,where they took a prominent part in the following: Siege and surrenderof Fort Pulaski, Ga., from January 1 to April 15, 1862;battle of Secessionville, James Island, near Charleston, June 16,1862; battle of Pocotaligo, S. C., on the Charleston and SavannahRailroad, October 21, 1862; capture of Morris Island and FortWagner, and in the bombardment and memorable siege of Fort Sumter,1863, and many other smaller engagements.

“In the spring of 1863 I met his captain (Brayton), who hadbeen a Lieutenant in my company and afterward Colonel of the regiment,and asked him how ‘Patrick Egan’—that was the boy’s name—‘wasgetting along.’

“He answered, ‘Egan is getting along all right. He is one of mybest boys. I have just made him a corporal.’

“The first time I met Patsy after this was on the disastrous battlefieldof Olustee, Florida, February 20, 1864. He was then aSergeant and had charge of a section of his battery, which was temporarilyattached to a four-gun Battery M of the First United StatesArtillery. When I was ordered to retire from the field with theremnant of the battery in which I was then serving, E, ThirdUnited States Artillery, by the late Senator Hawley, who was thenColonel of the Seventh Connecticut, and Acting Brigadier-General,we passed near to where young Egan was, with his two guns inposition.

“I rode up to him and exclaimed, ‘Patsy, what are you doinghere?’

“His reply was, ‘We are doing the best we can.’

“Not seeing any officers present, I then said to him, ‘You had betterget out of here as soon as possible, or you and your men andguns will all be captured.’

“He limbered up, withdrew a short distance and fired a few more180shots of cannister which, I have no doubt, checked, at a criticalmoment, the advance of the enemy.

“It was now dark, and I believe these were the last guns fired atthe Battle of Olustee, where the Union troops under Gen. TrumanSeymour lost 1,900 men in killed, wounded and missing, and fivepieces of artillery, out of a force of about 4,500 men engaged.

“The Confederates were supposed to have about 6,000 troops, commandedby General Finnegan, and their loss was reported to be littleover 900.

“This engagement seemed to be more like an ambuscade than anythingelse. It was so unexpected—like a thunderclap out of a clearsky. We were marching leisurely through a swampy, thickly-woodedcountry from early morning until 3 p. m., when we came to a clearingand found the enemy, who had been retreating for several days,posted in a very strong, well-chosen position, partly intrenched andsheltered by thick woods, while we were exposed to their deadly firein the open field, which accounts for the great difference in the losses.

“We retired in good order during the night and next day toJacksonville, forty miles distant, with but little trouble from the‘Johnnies.’ Here young Egan joined his own battery, turned overhis section to the commanding officer and reported a loss of oneman killed, six wounded and twelve horses killed or disabled. Hewas slightly wounded himself and had a horse shot under him. Thebattery to which his section was attached lost about thirty-five menin killed, wounded and missing and three out of their four guns.

“I will now quote an incident of camp life taken from his narrativeof the Florida campaign:

“‘A few days after our arrival in Jacksonville the battery, togetherwith Barton’s Brigade, was ordered to Palatka. Palatka isa small town seventy miles from Jacksonville, on the St. John’sRiver, and is, at the present time, a winter resort for invalids. Itwas here that the famous ‘cow incident’ took place, and ‘Who killedthe cow?’ afterward became a by-word in the brigade, especiallywhen Colonel Barton was within hearing distance.

“‘It came about in this way: When we occupied Palatka, theonly white person in the village was an old lady, who had a fineresidence, and Colonel Barton, the commander of the brigade, madehis headquarters there. This woman had a very nice cow, the onlyone in the village, and Barton was dependent upon her for milk.

181“‘During the day the cow would feed in the dooryards and onthe lawns, and sometimes she would come around to where BatteryC was camped. One day some of the boys thought what a nice steakand liver they could get from the cow, and, at the same time, getsquare with Barton, he not being a favorite with the boys. Theythought they might kill two birds with one stone by getting thesteak and liver, and, at the same time, cut off Barton’s milk supply.So the next day, when the cow came along, one of the boysdrove her into a back-yard near the camp, and, in a short time, thatcow was a thing of the past.

“‘Steaks and liver were cut out for those who had done thework and for their friends, and the rest of the meat was sent tothe cook house, where all had nice beef stew. Everything was allright until milking-time, when the cow failed to show up. Thenthe fun began. Men were sent out from headquarters and also fromthe Provost Marshal’s office to try to find the cow and to make inquiries.

“‘Of course, the men of Battery C knew nothing about her. Butthey were eventually suspected, for the next morning the ProvostMarshal came to our quarters asking all sorts of questions. Some ofthe boys, including your humble servant, knew nothing about it andwere sorry for the Colonel. The following morning Colonel Bartonsent for the non-commissioned officers and told us that he wassatisfied that the last seen of the cow was near Battery C’s camp.He also said that all he wanted was the name of the man who killedthe cow, and that some of the non-commissioned officers must knowsomething about it. He then asked each one the name of the manwho killed the cow, but each denied all knowledge of it.

“‘Well, someone must have given the whole thing away, for thenext day Captain James had the “assembly” blown and the companyfell in. He then called the names of nine men, comprising one Sergeant,one Corporal, and seven privates. The Sergeant and Corporalwere reduced to the ranks, and, with the other seven, wereconfined in the guard house, put on a diet of bread and water, andmade a “spread eagle” of until someone should tell who killed thecow.

“‘Morning and evening they were asked who killed the cow, butthey denied they knew who did it. This was carried on for threedays, when someone put up a job with the pickets, and on the afternoon182of the third day they began firing, the long roll was soundedand the prisoners were released to man the guns. No Johnnies appeared,it being a bluff to get the men released. They could notbe punished again for the same offence, so thus ended the cow incident,but Colonel Barton never found out who killed the cow.

“‘In justice to Colonel Barton, who has joined the “Grand Armyabove,” I wish to say that I knew him very well and served underhim for nearly a year, and found him to be a nice gentleman, astrict disciplinarian, a good and a brave officer. I will also state thatI have good reason for believing that Comrade Egan took no partin “cutting off the Colonel’s milk supply” and that the old lady wascompensated for the loss of the cow.’

“In April, 1864, his battery was ordered to Fort Monroe, Va.,where it joined General Butler’s Army of the James and participatedin all the battles, sieges and operations around Petersburgand Richmond from May 4 to the close of the war, having foughtfor the Union in four of the seceding States—South Carolina,Georgia, Florida and Virginia. He was honorably discharged whenin sight of the steeples of Richmond, October, 1864. At the closeof the war his old battery was the first volunteer battery to enterthat long-coveted and hard-fought-for city—Richmond. To Capt.Martin S. James of this battery was assigned the honor of dismantlingthe fortifications around this famous stronghold and capitalof the Confederacy.

“When next we met, August, 1904, at the National Encampment,G. A. R., in Boston, Mass., I could hardly believe he was the sameboy I last saw—more than forty years before—on the battlefield ofOlustee. He was then (1904) a fine specimen of manhood; stoodsix feet, one and one half inches, and weighed 240 pounds.”

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City of New York was instituted on March 17, 1784. It had its origin among Irish officers connected with the armies of the American Revolution. On November 25, 1783, the last British soldier departed from the shores of Manhattan, the British flag which had been nailed to the flagpole of Fort George was hauled down, the American flag was runup in its place, and the Continental Army entered the city. It wasled by George Washington, then an adopted member of the FriendlySons of St. Patrick of Philadelphia. At his side rode the Governor,General George Clinton, the son of an Irishman; and the advancebattalion was commanded by General Henry Knox, also the sonof an Irishman, and a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrickof Philadelphia.

In the environment produced by these conditions, in the atmosphereof liberty and Constitutional government that followed theadvent of the American army into its final possession of New YorkCity, was born the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.Daniel McCormick was its founder and its president for many years.The objects of the Society were to assist poor and distressed natives,and descendants of natives, of Ireland, and promote friendly, socialfeelings among its members.

With these laudable purposes, on March 17, 1784, the first St.Patrick’s Day following the evacuation of New York by the British,the Society inaugurated its festive functions at “Cape’s Tavern.”In the New York Packet and Advertiser of Thursday, March 18,1784, the following appears:

Yesterday, being the anniversary of St. Patrick, his patriotic sons met atCape’s Tavern, where they gave an elegant entertainment to his Excellencythe Governor, Lieut.-Governor, Chancellor and a number of other respectablegentlemen of this State. The day and evening were spent in festivity andmirth, and a number of suitable toasts were drunk upon this joyful occasion.184The greatest unanimity and conviviality pervaded this numerous and jovialcompany, and perhaps this great Saint was never honoured with a concourseof more generous and truly patriotic sons than this assembly afforded.

Thus commenced (in the words of Curran), “those happy meetingswhen the swelling heart conceived and communicated the pure andgenerous purpose, the innocent enjoyment of social mirth expandedinto the nobler warmth of social virtue, and the horizon of the boardbecame enlarged into the horizon of man.” Almost uninterruptedlysince quarterly and anniversary meetings of the Society have beenheld. Many of the leading men of the City and State are enrolledamong its members, and the records of the Society from the beginningcontain names prominent in the early history of the Republic.Social and friendly intercourse was promoted and maintained amongthe natives of Ireland and their kinsmen and descendants. Numbersof deserving, but less fortunate fellow-countrymen, were relievedby the bounty of the Society, implements and materials fordomestic manufacture were furnished to the industrious poor. Theneedy were assisted with money, medicine, clothing and fuel, thedestitute were provided with homes and, when necessary, were furnishedwith sufficient funds to enable them to return to their nativeland.

The design of the badge worn by members of the Society, andwhich appears on the cover of this book, is a facsimile of the “reverse”of the medal worn by the members of the Friendly Sons of St.Patrick in Philadelphia in 1771. The following in reference to thatmedal is from Haverty’s American Almanac:

Each member was required to furnish himself with a gold medal of thevalue of three guineas, agreeably to the following description: On the right,HIBERNIA; on the left, AMERICA; in the center, LIBERTY joining thehands of HIBERNIA and AMERICA, represented by the usual figures ofa female supported by a harp, for HIBERNIA; an Indian with his quiveron his back and his bow slung, for AMERICA; underneath, UNITE. On thereverse, ST. PATRICK tramping on a snake, a cross in his hand, dressed inpontificalibus, the motto, “HIER.”

These devices, designed some years before the Revolution, were certainlyominous, if not prophetic. The Goddess of LIBERTY joining the hands ofHIBERNIA and AMERICA, with the superscription “UNITE,” was sufficientlysignificant, considering that the effect of that union powerfully promotedthe subsequent dismemberment of the British Empire and the libertyand independence of America. The motto, HIER, or, without the aspirate,IER, in the Celtic language signifies “West,” and from it came the name of185the country, Ere, Erin, or Ireland, and Ierna, aspirated Hibernia. But theword HIER had in it a duplicate and equivocal signification, peculiarly appropriateas the motto of a society whose object was to “Unite” in fellowshipthe sons of the little isle of the “West” with those of the great continent of the“West.” This medal the members were obliged to wear at the meeting of theSociety under the penalty of 7s. 6d. for neglect to do so on St. Patrick’s day,and 5s. on the days of the quarterly meetings.[2]

The original records of the Society from 1784 to 1835, except theTreasurer’s Book from 1804, were lost by fire in August, 1835, beingat that time in possession of the Secretary, whose place of businesswas destroyed.

The Society has been true to the principles on which it wasfounded. It has helped the needy and distressed, and has been themeans of cementing lifelong friendships among its members andamong those who participated in its festivities. From the Societygrew the Irish Emigrant Society and the Emigrant Industrial SavingsBank. Uniting to the charitable and humane the friendly andsocial feelings, it seeks to keep ever vigorous the love of Ireland andof the Irish character. It celebrates the festival of St. Patrick asa national and immemorial custom, to commemorate the glory of Ireland,to drop a tear upon her sorrows and to express a hope for herregeneration. It has entertained illustrious and distinguished guestsat its banquets. Among those of recent years may be mentionedPresident Theodore Roosevelt in 1905, and president-elect WilliamH. Taft in 1908. A notable dinner was given on May 29, 1902, tothe French Governmental Mission attending the Rochambeau Monumentceremonies, in acknowledgement of which the Republic ofFrance presented to the Society a magnificent Sèvres vase, now in theMetropolitan Museum of Art.

Among the Society’s members have been many of the great merchants,business and professional men of the city. To pass over the186living, on its rolls appear the names of Alexander Macomb, HughGaine, William Constable, Dominick Lynch, DeWitt Clinton, JohnCaldwell, Thomas Addis Emmet, Robert J. Dillon, Joseph Stuart,Richard Bell, William Kelly, Joseph P. Kernochan, John Haggerty,Ogden Haggerty, William Sampson, David J. Graham,Charles O’Conor, James T. Brady, John R. Brady, Dr. RobertHogan, Dr. William James MacNeven, Very Rev. Dr. John Power,Thomas W. Clerke, Daniel Devlin, Henry L. Hoguet, Eugene Kelly,Joseph J. O’Donohue, Richard O’Gorman, John Savage, JeremiahDevlin, William Whiteside, Thomas Barbour, Hugh J. Hastings,Thomas Francis Meagher, James R. Cuming, Charles P. Daly,Frederick Smyth, William R. Grace, William L. Brown, PeterMcDonnell, C. C. Shayne, Frank T. Fitzgerald, George C. Barrett,Samuel Sloan, James S. Coleman, John Crane, Vincent P. Travers,John Stewart, Daniel O’Day and Hugh Kelly. Grover Clevelandwas an honorary member.

Of these, Dr. William James MacNeven and Thomas Addis Emmet,whose names are indelibly written on the pages not only ofIrish history, but on the history of New York city and State, becamemembers of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in 1815. FacingBroadway, in the graveyard of historic St. Paul’s, are reared thecolumns upon which are noted their services to their native countryand to their adopted land, flanking on either side the tablet whichperpetuates the memory of that other great Irishman, who fell atthe siege of Quebec, General Richard Montgomery.

Free from all religious and political characteristics, it is the representativeIrish society in the city of New York.

In 1827 it was incorporated by the following act of the Legislatureof the State of New York:

“An Act to Incorporate the Society of the Friendly Sons of SaintPatrick, in the City of New York. Passed February 13, 1827.

“Whereas, the members of a Society instituted for the relief of indigentnatives of Ireland, and their descendants, have petitioned the187Legislature for an act of incorporation, the better to enable them toobtain the objects of their association; therefore

“1. Be it enacted by the People of the State of New York, representedin Senate and Assembly, That John Chambers, JamesMcBride, James Magee, Alexander Charters, John Montgomery,John Cauldwell and Daniel McCormick, and such other persons asnow are or hereafter shall become members of the Society of theFriendly Sons of Saint Patrick in the City of New York, are herebyconstituted and declared a body politic and corporate, in fact and inname, by the name of “The Society of the Friendly Sons of SaintPatrick in the City of New York,” and by that name they and theirsuccessors, during the existence of the said corporation, shall andmay have perpetual succession; and shall in law be capable of suingand being sued, pleading and being impleaded, answering and beinganswered unto, defending and being defended, in all courts andplaces whatsoever; and that they and their successors may have anduse a common seal, and may change and alter the same from timeto time at their pleasure; and also that, by their corporate name, andin their corporate capacity, they and their successors may purchase,take, hold, use and enjoy, sell, lease and convey any estate, real orpersonal, for the use and benefit of said corporation: Provided, Thatthe annual income of such real and personal estate shall not at anytime exceed the sum of five thousand dollars.

“2. And be it further enacted, That the said corporation shall havepower to make such constitution, by-laws and regulations, as theyshall judge proper, for the appointment of officers, for the admissionof new members, for the government of the officers and membersthereof, for collecting annual contributions from the members towardsthe funds thereof, for regulating the times and places of meetingof the said Society, for suspending or expelling such membersas shall neglect or refuse to comply with the by-laws or regulations,and for the managing and directing the property, affairs and concernsof said Society: Provided, That such constitution, by-laws andregulations be not inconsistent with the Laws or Constitution of thisState, or of the United States: Provided further, that the said corporationshall not engage in any banking business, nor dispose ofany of its funds for any other purpose than the relief of such membersof the said Society, natives of Ireland, and children and grandchildren188of natives of Ireland, or of a member of said Society, asmay become indigent and poor.

“3. And be it further enacted, That the present officers of said Societyshall hold their respective offices until others shall be chosen intheir places.

“4. And be it further enacted, That this Act be, and hereby is declaredto be, a public act, and that the same shall be construed inall courts and places, benignly and favourably for every beneficialpurpose therein intended, and that no misnomer of the said corporationin any deed, gift, grant, devise or other instrument of contractor conveyance, shall vitiate or defeat the same: Provided, The Corporationshall be sufficiently described to ascertain the intention ofthe parties.

“5. And be it further enacted, That the Legislature may at anytime hereafter amend, alter, modify or repeal this act.”

[Laws of New York, 1827; chapter 42.]

Owing to the loss of the Society’s books in 1835, the list of itsearly members is necessarily incomplete, but a partial list of the earliestmembers is:

COMPLETE ROLL OF MEMBERSHIP MARCH 17, 1835.

Its presidents have been noted merchants, financiers, jurists andprofessional men. Daniel McCormick was the first president,serving from 1784 to 1788, and in 1793 and 1794, and againfrom 1797 to 1827. Other presidents of this venerable Societywere: William Constable, 1789, 1790 and 1795; Alexander Macomb,1791; Thomas Roach, 1792; George Pollock, 1796; JohnChambers, 1828 to 1833; James McBride, 1834; Campbell P.White, 1835 to 1838; Dr. Robert Hogan, 1839 to 1842; JamesReyburn, 1843 to 1850; Richard Bell, 1851–1852 and 1865; JosephStuart, 1853–1856 and 1866; Samuel Sloan, 1857–1858; RichardO’Gorman, 1859; Charles P. Daly, 1860–1862, 1870, 1878–1884;James T. Brady, 1863–1864; Henry L. Hoguet, 1867; JohnR. Brady, 1868 and 1871–1874; Eugene Kelly, 1869; Thomas Barbour,1875–1876; Hugh J. Hastings, 1877; Joseph J. O’Donohue,1885–1886, 1888–1889; James R. Cuming, 1887; David McClure,1890–1891; John D. Crimmins, 1892–1894; James S. Coleman,1895–1896; Morgan J. O’Brien, 1897–1899; James A. O’Gorman,1900–1902; James Fitzgerald, 1903–1905; Joseph I. C. Clarke,1906; Michael J. Drummond, 1907; Stephen Farrelly, 1908; WilliamTemple Emmet, 1908–1909.

The surprising growth of New York is well shown by thesteady march up-town of the places where the anniversary dinnersof the Society have been held since its organization to the presenttime.

1784

Cape’s Tavern. (Now No. 115 Broadway.)

1785

The Coffee House. (Mr. Bradford’s, in Water Street, near Wall Street.)

1786

The Coffee House.

1787

The Coffee House.

1788

Merchants’ Coffee House. (S. E. Cor. Wall and Water Streets.)

194

1789

to 1794 The City Tavern. (115 Broadway.)

1795

to 1803 The Tontine Coffee House. (N. W. Cor. Wall and Water Streets.)

1804

The Old Coffee House. (In Water Street, near Wall Street.)

1805

and 1806 The Tontine Coffee House.

1807

Phoenix Coffee House. (Wall Street.)

1808

Mechanics’ Hall. (N. W. Cor. Broadway and Park Place.)

1809

to 1815 The Tontine Coffee House.

1816

Washington Hall. (Now No. 280 Broadway.)

1817

The Tontine Coffee House.

1818

to 1832 The Bank Coffee House. (S. E. Cor. Pine and William Streets.)

1833

to 1835 The City Hotel. (115 Broadway.)

1836

and 1837 Washington Hotel. (No. 1 Broadway.)

1838

Carlton House. (N. E. Cor. Broadway and Leonard Streets.)

1839

City Hotel.

1840

Niblo’s Tavern. (Broadway and Prince Street.)

1841

to 1846 City Hotel.

1847

and 1848 No dinners—Irish famine years.

1849

City Hotel.

1850

Delmonico’s Hotel. (William Street.)

1851

to 1856 Astor House.

1857

to 1862 Metropolitan Hotel.

1863

Delmonico’s. (Broadway and Chambers Street.)

1864

to 1868 Delmonico’s. (14th Street and Fifth Avenue.)

1869

and 1870 St. James Hotel.

1871

Hoffman House.

1872

Hotel Brunswick.

1873

and 1874 Delmonico’s. (14th Street and Fifth Avenue.)

1875

Hoffman House.

1876

and 1877 Delmonico’s. (14th Street and Fifth Avenue.)

1878

Metropolitan Hotel.

1879

and 1880 Delmonico’s. (14th Street and Fifth Avenue.)

1881

to 1883 Delmonico’s. (Madison Square.)

1884

Hotel Brunswick.

1885

to 1895 Delmonico’s. (Madison Square.)

1896

Hotel Savoy.

1897

Waldorf.

1898

Waldorf-Astoria.

1899

to 1908 Delmonico’s. (Fifth Avenue and 44th Street.)

Mr. Lenehan is the Chairman of the Membership Committee ofthe American Irish Historical Society, through whose efforts andability 250 members have been added to the Society’s rolls betweenthe time of his appointment in June, 1908, and January16th, 1909, the date of the eleventh annual meeting in Washington,D. C. New applications from him have been coming in almostdaily since the latter date. We look forward to at least an equalnumber of new members being admitted during 1909, and the Societyhereby expresses the highest praise of Mr. Lenehan for hisfaithful and fruitful efforts in its behalf. Under his guidance, theprinted matter which has gone forth during 1908 throughout thecountry has been prepared and circulated, and in his work he is receivingthe cordial support of all the members.

Although in the midst of a busy life as a successful practisinglawyer, Mr. Lenehan finds time to give valuable assistance by wordand deed to these two great national societies, The Friendly Sons ofSt. Patrick and the American Irish Historical Society, both ofwhich claim him as an honored member.

EARLY MARINE “WIRELESS.”

Not the least valuable of the many practical lessons taught by the cruise of the Atlantic battleship fleet around the world was the demonstration of the possibility of following from Washington almost every day’s move of the great white ships from their departure from Hampton Roads to their return, by means of wireless telegraphy and other methods of transmitting information. It is acardinal point in the strategy of naval warfare to be thoroughly advised,first, of the location, disposition and conditions of your ownships and, second, the same of your adversary’s.

Some idea of the stupendous advances made in this most importantdetail may be gained by a comparison with the “wireless” marinetelegraphy of a century ago when, although electricity had not beenharnessed to the news bureau, ingenious methods of maintaining a“marine telegraph” were operative which, in some instances, weremost surprising in their results.

196At the outbreak of the War of 1812 our government planned acrushing blow at British commerce. A fleet of 100 English merchantmenfrom Jamaica was expected to pass close to the NorthAmerican coast and the most formidable squadron we could thenassemble, consisting of the frigates President, United States and Congress,with the sloop and brig Hornet and Argus, under the commandof Captain John Rodgers, was held in New York ready tosail. As soon as war was declared, June 18, 1812, a courier set outfrom Washington and in three days arrived in New York—quickwork for those days, but the information now could be flashed in afew seconds.

One hour after receiving the news Rodgers got under way andon the morning of the second day out spoke an American vessel andlearned from her master that he had seen the Jamaica fleet only twodays before. Rodgers made sail in the direction indicated, but hewas drawn away in a futile chase after the British frigate Belvidera.Afterward, however, he resumed his pursuit of the merchantfleet and on July 1 he detected “quantities of cocoanut shells andorange peels” in the water, which showed that he was in the wakeof the fleet. He followed this sea-trail several days and was rapidlyovertaking the chase, when he lost it in the fogs on the NewfoundlandBanks.

Floating bottles, pieces of wreckage, cask-heads and other shipdebris were the “clicks” of the first “marine wireless” that assistedour early mariners in discovering the whereabouts of friend or foeon the high seas. And even a marine “postoffice” was a servicerecognized early in the 19th century—many years before it came intogeneral use on land. When our 32-gun frigate Essex was makingher memorable cruise in the Pacific Ocean, 1813–1814, CaptainDavid Porter records that he stopped at Charles Island of theGalapagos in the southern Pacific Ocean to examine the “postoffice”—abox nailed to a tree in which whalers and other craft depositedrecords of their cruises and intended movements.

That these ocean “postoffices” were sometimes used for “misinformation”is shown in the case of this same Captain Porter.One of these “postal stations” in the Atlantic was the penal islandof Fernando de Noronha, off the extreme eastern limit of Brazil.This was a point usually touched by vessels bound for the Cape ofGood Hope or Cape Horn. While Porter was cruising in the south197Atlantic under orders to join the Constitution and Hornet, he hove-tooff this port on December 14, 1812, and sending a boat ashorelearned that there was a letter there addressed to “Sir James Yeo,of the British 32-gun frigate Southampton.” He also learned thatonly the week before the English 44-gun frigate “Acasta and the 20-gunsloop of war Morgiana” had stopped at that port and hadsailed for Rio de Janeiro, leaving a letter addressed to “Sir JamesYeo.”

Before sailing from the United States Porter had been instructedto pose as Sir James Yeo and was to join the Constitution andHornet, which two vessels were to pass as the Acasta and Morgiana,off Cape Frio, Brazil. This was done to deceive the enemy.When Porter learned that there was a letter at Fernando de Noronhaaddressed to “Sir James Yeo,” he at once sent a present of porterand cheese to the governor of the island and received the covetedletter. It was found to contain the usual references of a voyage bya British commander, but some “key words” induced Porter to holdthe letter to the flame of a candle, when the following instructions,written in sympathetic ink, became legible: “I am bound offBahia, thence off Cape Frio, where I intend to cruise until the1st of January. Go off Cape Frio, to the northward of Rio deJaneiro, and keep a lookout for me. Your friend.”

Captain Porter did as ordered, but on December 29 the Constitutioncaptured, after a hard fight, the British frigate Java, and soonafterward the Hornet sank the English sloop of war Peaco*ck.This left the Essex free to choose her own course and the result washer memorable cruise of two years in the Pacific.

But the most remarkable instance of early marine wireless wasthat of the chase after the Constitution from Boston, across the Atlantic,by a powerful British squadron, which, on March 10, 1815,cornered Old Ironsides in Port Praya, near the extreme western coastof Africa, on the very day she entered that harbor and just seventy-sixdays after the hostile vessels had sailed from the blockade of theNew England port.

For more than eight months British cruisers had been holding thedreaded Constitution—then commanded by Captain Charles Stewart—inthe Hub, but, late in December, 1814, she gave them theslip and once again was in blue water. Running down to Bermuda,where he captured the merchant ship Lord Nelson, Stewart stood198across the Atlantic to the Madeiras and then cruised for severaldays within sight of the Rock of Lisbon. Shaping her course southwardagain the Constitution, on February 20, 1815, after a brilliantfight, captured the British cruisers Cyane and Levant and with histwo prizes entered Port Praya on the morning of March 10.

Soon after the Constitution made her escape from Boston, a terrificsnow storm, lasting several days, compelled the English blockadingsquadron to take refuge in Cape Cod Bay. On December 22,while the British officers were making themselves as comfortable asthey could in the bitter cold, the English 18-gun brig sloop Arab,Captain Henry Jane, arrived with the startling information that theConstitution had escaped. At once there was a hurrying and scurryingfor immediate pursuit. Provisions, bought at an exorbitantprice from the canny landfolk, were hurried aboard and every preparationwas made for a chase of indefinite length.

But in what direction were they to pursue? Absolutely nothingis recorded in the log of the British flagship as to what course theConstitution had taken. Here nautical sagacity, aided by the “wirelesstelegraphy” then so remarkably in use on the high seas, came tothe aid of the British senior officer of the blockading force—SirGeorge Collier, of the 50-gun frigate Leander. Sir George sagelyconjectured that the Flying Yankee would most likely take a southerncourse so as to escape the bitterly cold winter of New England.In those days there were no means for heating the cabins, wardroom,steerage or berth decks of ships, so a prolonged stay in the higherlatitudes was a problem to be seriously considered. Selecting the50-gun frigate Newcastle, Captain Lord George Stuart, and the40-gun frigate Acasta, Captain Kerr, to accompany him, Sir George,on December 24th, made sail in a blind chase southward.

It seems that on the night of December 21st the famous Americanprivateer, Prince de Neuchâtel, also escaped from Boston and madethe same course the Constitution had taken. When only a day or soout she ran into the same storm that drove the English blockadingships into Cape Cod Bay.

On the morning of December 28, just as the gale was abating andonly four days after the British squadron sailed, Sir George overtookthe Prince de Neuchâtel and captured her; and from some ofthe Englishmen who were aboard the privateer learned somewhat ofthe proposed itinerary of the Constitution. With this first direct199trace of his game, the British commander shaped his course acrossthe Atlantic for the coast of Spain.

How eager the English were to capture the Constitution, aboveall other American frigates, may be seen in the record of a sailorwho was in the Prince de Neuchâtel at the time. He says that afterbeing taken aboard the Leander as a prisoner he noticed a large placardnailed to her mainmast, which read as follows:

“A reward of One Hundred pounds sterling to the man who shallfirst descry the American frigate Constitution, provided she can bebrought to, and a smaller reward should they not be enabled to comeup with her.”

This same sailor writes: “Every one [in the Leander] was eagerin his inquiries about this far-famed frigate and most of the menappeared anxious to fall in with her, she being a constant theme ofconversation, speculation and curiosity. There were, however, twoseamen and a marine—one of whom had had his shin sadly shatteredfrom one of her grape-shot—who were in the frigate Java whenshe was captured. These I have often heard say, in return to theirshipmates’ boastings: ‘If you had seen as much of the Constitutionas we have, you would give her a wide berth, for she throws hershot almighty careless, fires quick, aims low and is, altogether, anugly customer.’”

Continuing on his trail of the much-coveted Yankee frigate, SirGeorge, on January 4, 1815,—seven days after sailing—while offthe Western Isles, received another “wireless click” when he pickedup a prize brig belonging to the American privateer Perry and fromher master learned that the Perry had spoken the Constitution onlya few days before, on a course that would indicate that she wasmaking for the coast of Spain. As a matter of fact, this powerfulBritish squadron was at that moment only a few hours’ sail from theConstitution.

Touching at the port of Fayal, January 13th, 1815, Sir George’schase after Old Ironsides nearly terminated in disaster. A recordleft by one of the American prisoners in the Leander says: “Weran in with a southwest wind that had freshened to a stiff breezetill coming under the lee of the Peak of Pico, opposite to Fayal.This aided a little in breaking the wind and the heavy swell which200came rolling in from the open sea beyond. Immediately to leewardwas a rocky, perpendicular bluff of three hundred feet inheight, which the sea was breaking against with the greatest fury.

“I had taken my perch upon the booms so as to have a chance ofclearly seeing the working of the frigate, as well as the different objectsof curiosity within my range.... The anchor was letgo and the cable spun out to its entire length with the most fearfulswiftness. But when all was out the frigate still went, stern-on,toward the bluff, as though the anchor was yet at the cathead.When she had drifted so as to be without the shelter of the Peakand exposed to the wind and heavy swell, both driving her on toinevitable destruction, unless suddenly checked in her course, nonewas so blind as not to see the peril, the almost instant annihilationwith which the frigate was threatened, and in a twinkling it wasknown that the anchor had not taken hold, but was dragging.

“What means were adopted for the safety of the ship I know not,for my curiosity had full employment in following the old commodore[Sir George Collier] about the deck in his mad ravings.I have read and heard much of the coolness, intrepidity and readinessof the English naval officers in all sudden cases of emergencyand danger; and this commodore was one of the oldest in commissionand a staunch veteran in the service. He had seen long service,fought many a fight, been slashed and cut to disfiguration—as hisnumerous scars plainly told—had had one of his legs broken at threedifferent places, at three separate periods between the hip and knee,each setting worse than the last, making his leg crooked, morecrooked, most crooked.

“When he saw that the frigate was gathering sternway toward thebluff, he raved, stormed and swore at the ship, cable, anchor, officers,men, boys, hell and the devil, clinching each oath separatelyby a whack of his cane at and on everything within his reach. Nowhe was running toward the wheel at the stern, then furiously drivingacross the deck to the hawseholes at the bow, tacking first to larboard,then to the starboard side of the ship; yelling at the firstlieutenant for not making the anchor hold on, swearing at the anchorfor not obeying the lieutenant, damning the cable for not beinglonger, the water for being so deep, the bottom for lying solow; and, at last, when he had nothing else to crisp with his red-hotblessings, he blasted his own eyes, heart, liver and lights, winding201up with a curse upon the prisoners, conveying their souls in atrice to the lower regions without benefit of clergy, for being thecause of all the disasters in store for him and his frigate—henceforthand forever.

“I was as fully sensible of the danger of our situation as any one,but I could not suppress my laughter at the antics which this heroof many wars was cutting about the decks. I have no simile norcomparison for his movements, for, verily, there is none. It was nota hitch-and-go-ahead, nor a half-hitch and side lurch; neither wasit a back-and-fill, balance-haul or a bob-and-hop, straddling slide.No more like a co*ck-and-primed, tip-toe dance than a toe-and-heel,fore-and-after is like a cut-and-thrust, forward-spring, a back-staggeringor blinker-wiper. It partook of the whole in about equalparts. In fact, I could liken his run with his crooked leg to nothingbut the effort of the crab to walk upright upon a slippery surface,doggedly intent to win the wager of the half-blown terrapin,who, in the same attitude, is being balked in his first trial at thedouble-shuffle by attempting it in a wig, gown and Wellingtons insteadof short-cuts and pumps and going at it with sleeves rolled upas an honest one should.

“At last the second anchor brought her up, and lucky it was thatit did, for she had drifted within a few minutes’ distance of the bluff,where the frigate would not have held together five minutes. Withthe freshened winds and lashing waves throwing the spray mast-high,every soul on board must have been lost, for the water was deep andthe first thing the frigate would have struck was the perpendicularcliff—three hundred feet high and of unknown depth below.”

After this narrow escape Sir George transferred his prisoners tothe sloop of war Pheasant and, after replenishing his stores, resumedhis chase after the Yankee frigate. Just what course was pursuedby the commander from this point is not shown in American orBritish records. It is a fact, however, that the presence of theConstitution in European waters was known in many ocean ports andthat several British cruisers were sent out from Lisbon, Gibraltarand other nearby ports to intercept her.

It was, undoubtedly, by means of this “wireless marine telegraphy”that Sir George so shaped his course, after leaving Fayal, that hearrived off Port Praya, March 10, 1815, only a few hours after theConstitution with her two prizes, the Cyane and Levant, had entered202that harbor. The miraculous escape of the American frigatefrom Sir George’s overwhelming force in the offing of Port Praya isa matter of history. It is recorded that he was so chagrined overthe extraordinary escape of the Constitution—after he had so successfullyfollowed her, by means of the first “marine wireless,”across the Atlantic—that ten years afterward, on being remindedof the incident, he committed suicide.

SKETCHES OF WILLIAM DUNLAP, THOMAS P. JOHNSON AND THOMAS SHARP, DISTINGUISHED IRISH AMERICANS DURING REVOLUTIONARY TIMES.

The following short series of articles relate to distinguished people of our race who played prominent parts in the stirring scenes during the Revolution, and whose memoirs are full of interesting anecdotes and descriptions of those times.

William Dunlap, son of Samuel Dunlap, who was a native of Ireland,Thomas P. Johnson, one of the prominent members of theNew Jersey Bar 100 years ago, and others are referred to. Mr.Dunlap himself, in his memoirs, gives a graphic description ofRevolutionary scenes in New Jersey. Another of the articles is ahistory by Thomas Sharp, a member of the Society of Friends, ofNewton, Gloucester County, N. J. The brief history is here quotedexactly as compiled by the ancient author, and its quaint language,with its disregard for spelling and construction, is interesting.Thatcher, a military writer of that time, gives a characteristic anecdoteof Washington, which is here appended.

Revolutionary Times in Perth Amboy.

Perth Amboy, N. J., was the home of Governor Franklin, whowas made a prisoner by the Colonials in the Revolution, and sentto Connecticut for safe-keeping.

William Dunlap, painter and author, was also a native of Perth203Amboy, and a graphic description of “olden times” is contained inhis own memoirs in his “History of the Arts of Design.” He says:

“I was born in the city of Perth Amboy and province of New Jersey.My father, Samuel Dunlap, was a native of the north of Irelandand son of a merchant of Londonderry. In youth he was devotedto the army and bore the colors of the Forty-seventh Regiment,‘Wolfe’s Own,’ on the Plains of Abraham. He was borne woundedfrom the field on which his commander triumphed and died. Afterthe French war, Dunlap, then a lieutenant in the Forty-Seventh,and stationed at Perth Amboy, married Margaret Sargent, of thatplace, and retired from the army to the quiet of a country townand country store. The 19th of February, 1766, is registered asthe date of my birth, and being an only child, the anniversary of theimportant day was duly celebrated by my indulgent parents. Ofeducation I had none, in the usual sense of the word, owing to circ*mstancesI shall mention, and much of that which is to the childmost essential was bad.

“Holding negroes in slavery was, in those days, the common practice,and the voices of those who protested against the custom werenot heeded. Every house in my native place where any servantswere to be seen swarmed with black slaves. My father’s kitchen hadseveral families of them, of all ages and all born in the family exceptone, who was called a new negro, and who had his face tattooed. Hislanguage was scarcely intelligible, though he had been long in thecountry, and was an old man. These blacks indulged me, of course,and I sought the kitchen as the place to find playmates andamusem*nts suited to my taste. Thus in the mirth and games ofthe negroes, and the variety of visitors of the black race who frequentedthe place, my desires were shaped. This may be consideredmy first school, and, indeed, such was the education of many a boyin the states where the practice of slavery continued. The infantwas taught to tyrannize, the boy was taught to despise labor, themind of the child was contaminated by hearing and seeing thatwhich, perhaps, was not understood at the time but which remainedin the memory. These kitchen associations were increased duringa part of the Revolution by soldiers, who found their mess fareimproved by visiting the negroes, and by servants of officers billetedin the house.

204“Perth Amboy being now in the possession of the British, myfather returned with his family to his home, and I saw in my nativetown, particularly after the battles of Princeton and Trenton, allthe discomforts of a crowded camp and garrison. An army whichhad recently passed in triumph from the sea to the banks of theDelaware, and chosen its winter quarters at pleasure, was nowdriven in, crowded upon a shore washed by the Atlantic, and defendedby the guns of the ships which had borne it thence.

“I have elsewhere compared the scenes I now witnessed to thedramatic scenes of Wallenstein’s Lager. Here was centered in additionto the soldiery cantoned at the place all those drawn in fromthe Delaware, Princeton and Brunswick, together with the flower ofthe army, English, Scotch, and German, which had been brought infrom Rhode Island. Here was to be seen a party of the Forty-SecondHighlanders in national costume, and there a regiment of Hessians,their dress and arms a wide contrast to the first. The slavesof Anspach and Waldeck were there, the first somber as night, thesecond gaudy as noonday. Here dashed by a party of the Seventeenthdragoons, and there scampered a party of Yagers. Thetrim, neat and graceful English Grenadier, the careless and half-savageHighlander, with his flowing robes and naked knees, andthe stiff German, could hardly be taken as members of one army.Here might be seen soldiers driving in cattle, and others guardingwagons loaded with household furniture instead of the hay and oatsthey had been sent for.

“The landing of the grenadiers and light infantry from the shipswhich transported the troops from Rhode Island; their proud marchinto the hostile neighborhood, to gather the produce of the farmerfor the garrison; the sound of the musketry, which soon rolled backupon us; the return of the disabled veterans who could retrace theirsteps; and the heavy march of the discomfited troops, with theirwagons of groaning wounded, in the evening, are all impressed onmy mind as pictures of the horrors and the soul-stirring events ofwar.

“These scenes and others more disgusting—the flogging of Englishmen and thumping and caning of German—which even mytender years could not prevent me from seeing all around, and theincreased disorder among my fathers’ negroes, from mingling withthe servants of officers, these were my sources of instruction in thewinter of 1776–1777.”

Among the distinguished men who have adorned the New Jerseybar few, in their day, were held in higher repute for eloquence andextensive legal knowledge, and especially for intellectual vigor andversatility of talent, than Thomas P. Johnson.

He was born about the year 1761. His parents were Friends.His father, William Johnson, a native of Ireland, emigrated to thiscountry about 1747. He married Ruth Potts, of Trenton. Thomaswas their second child. When he was quite small the family removedto Charleston, S. C., where the father established a flourishingboarding-school and gained much repute by his lectures on variousbranches of Natural Philosophy. His fondness for such studiesseemed to have been inherited by the son, who even in his later yearscontinued to turn his attention to them. The father died in theSouth, after a residence of some years there. The mother, with fivechildren, returned to her native state, and with the aid of her brotheropened a store in Trenton. There Thomas was placed an apprenticeto a carpenter[3] and joiner. After following this business sometime he was compelled, by a rupture of a blood vessel in the lungs,to abandon it. He then engaged in teaching in Hunterdom Countyand afterwards in Bucks County, Pa.—later then in Philadelphia.For this profession he had rare qualifications. Few men had suchpowers of communication; few could so simplify truth, and throwan interest around it to captivate the youthful mind.

3. The annexed anecdote was communicated to the compiler by a resident of Trenton: At one ofthe neighboring courts a dispute arose between Johnson and his opponent respecting a point of law, duringwhich the latter remarked in a taunting, derisive manner, “That he was not to be taught law by acarpenter.” “May it please your honors,” replied Mr. Johnson, “the gentleman has been pleased toallude to my having been a carpenter. True, I was a carpenter. I am proud of it. So was our Lordand Saviour. And I could yet, given a block of wood, a mallet and a chisel, hew something that wouldvery much resemble that gentleman’s head. True, I could not put in brains, but it would have moremanners.”

While in Philadelphia a mercantile house took him in partnership,and sent him to Richmond, Va., where the firm opened a largestore. There he became well acquainted with Chief Justice Marshall,and often had the privilege of listening to the first lawyers inthe Old Dominion. This probably led to his turning his thoughtsto the bar. After a few years the loss of his store and goods by fire206caused him to return to the scenes of his youthful days. He tookup his residence at Princeton, there married a daughter of RobertStockton, and entered his name as a student of law in the office ofthe Hon. Richard Stockton. In due time he was admitted to thebar as an attorney and counselor. His career was brilliant.Whether arguing points of law, or spreading a case before a jury,he was always heard with fixed attention and lively interest. Solucid was he in arranging and expressing his thoughts, so quick toseize hold of strong points in a case, and, when he pleased, so wellable to touch the chords of feeling, that he rarely failed to producean impression.

He was no indifferent student of the great political questions.With the majority of the New Jersey bar, he belonged to the Washingtonschool, and exerted all his energies in what he honestly conceivedto be his country’s real interests. For his brethren of theNew Jersey bar he cherished a warm attachment, and they were forwardin evincing their high esteem of his worth. A few years beforehis death a number of them obtained the services of an artistand had a full-length portrait of him executed. This nowhangs over the judge’s chair in the court-room at Flemington. Hedied March 12, 1838.

History of Newton, Gloucester County, N. J.

Newton, Gloucester County, N. J., was early settled by the societyof Friends. The following history was written by ThomasSharp, the first conveyancer and surveyor of the county:

“Let it be remembered. It having wrought upon ye minds ofsome, Friends that dwelt in Ireland, a pressure having laid uponthem for some years which they could not get from under the weightof until they gave upp to leave their friends and relations there,together with a comfortable subsistence to transport themselves andfamilys into this wilderness part of America, and there by exposethemselves to difficulties, which, if they could have been easy wherethey were, in all probability might never have been met with; andin order thereunto, sent from Dublin in Ireland to one Thomas Lurtina friend in London commander of a Pink, who accordingly came,and made an agreement with him to transport them and their familysinto New Jersey, viz.; Mark Newby and family. ThomasThackarg and family, William Bate and family, George Goldsmith207an old man, and Thomas Sharp, a young man, but no familys;and whilst the ship abode in Dublin harbor providing for the voyage,said Thomas Lurtin was taken so ill that could not perform ye same,so that his mate, John Dagger, undertook it. And upon the 19day of September, in the year of our Lord, 1681, we sett sail, fromthe place aforesaid, and through the good Providence of God towardsus we arrived at Elsinburg, in the country of Salem, upon the 19day of November following, where we were well entertained at thehouses of the Thomsons, who came from Ireland about four yearsbefore, who, by their industry, were arrived to a very good degree ofliving, and from thence we went to Salem, where were severalhouses yet were vacant of persons who had left the town to settle inye country, which serve to accommodate them for ye winter, provingmoderate, we at Wickacog, among us, purchased a boat of theSwansons, and so went to Burlington to the commissioners, of whomwe obtained a warrant of ye surveyor general, which then wasDaniel Leeds; and after some considerable search to and fro inthat then was called the third or Irish tenth, we at last pitched uponthe place now called Newton, which was before the settlement ofPhila; Pa; and then applied to S,d Surveyor, who came and laidit out for us; and the next Spring, being the beginning of the year1682 we all removed from Salem together with Robert Lane, thathad been settled there, who came along from Ireland with theThomsons before hinted, and having expectation of our coming onlybought a lot in Salemtown, upon the which he seated himself untilour coming, whose proprietary right and ours being of the same nature,could not then take it up in Fenwicks tenth, and so began oursettlement; and although we were at times pretty hard bestead,having all our provisions as far as Salem to fetch by water, yet,through the mercy and kindness of God, we were preserved in healthand from any extreme difficulties.

“And immediately there was a meeting sett upp and kept at thehouse of Mark Newby, and in a short time it grew and increased,unto which William Cooper and family, that lived at the Poynteresorted, and sometimes the meeting was kept at his house, who hadbeen settled sometime before. Zeal and fervency of spirit was what,in some degree, at that time abounded among friends, in commemorationof our prosperous success and eminent preservation, both inour coming over the great deep as also that whereas we were but208few at that time, and the Indians many, where by it put a dreadupon our spirits, considering they were a savage people; but yeLord, that hath the hearts of all in his hands, which cannot beotherwise accounted but to be the Lord doings in our favor, whichwe had cause to praise his name for.

“And that the rising generation may consider that the Settlementof the country was directed by an impulse upon tranquility, butrather for the posterity yet should be after, and that the wildernessbeing planted with a good seed, might grow and increase to thesatisfaction of the good husbandman. But instead thereof, if forwheat it should bring forth tares, they themselves will suffer loss.

“This narration I have thought good and requisite to leave behind,as having had knowledge of things from the beginning.”

Anecdote of Washington.

Thatcher, in his Military Journal, gives a vivid description of thesufferings of the troops during “the hard winter of 1779–1780,”at Morristown, N. J. He says:

“Morristown, January 1st, 1780. A new year commences, butbrings no relief to the sufferings and privations of our army. Ourcanvass covering affords but a miserable security from storms ofrain and snow, and a great scarcity of provisions still prevails, itseffects being felt even at headquarters, as appears by the followinganecdote: ‘We have nothing but the rations to cook, Sir,’ saidMrs. Thomson, a very worthy Irish woman, and housekeeper to GeneralWashington. ‘Well, Mrs. Thomson, you must then cook therations, for I have not a farthing to give you.’ ‘If you please, Sir,let one of the gentlemen give me an order for six bushels of salt.’‘Six bushels of salt for what?’ ‘To preserve the fresh beef, Sir.’One of the aids gave the order and the next day his Excellency’stable was amply provided. Mrs. Thomson was sent for, and toldthat she had done very wrong to expend her own money, for it wasnot known when she could be repaid. ‘I owe you,’ said his Excellency,‘too much already to permit the debt being increased, and oursituation is not at this moment such as to induce sanguine hope.’‘Dear Sir,’ said the good old lady, ‘it is always darkest just beforethe daylight, and I hope your Excellency will forgive me for barteringthe salt for other necessaries which are now on the table.’ Saltwas eight dollars a bushel, and it might always be exchanged withthe country people for articles of provision.”

Baptist Church at Cohansey. As early as the year 1683 someBaptists from Tipperary, in Ireland, settled in the neighborhoodof Cohansey. The most prominent persons were David Sheppard,Thomas Abbott, and William Button.

Emigrants flocked into Cohansey from Ireland and it is veryprobable that a Presbyterian Society was formed about the year 1700or earlier. Rev. Robert Kelsey, who was from Ireland, used topreach for the Baptists.

THE FIRST CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES. SOME POINTED COMMENTS ON THE MANNER OF TAKING SAME AND THE RESULTS THEREOF. AN INTERESTING PAPER ON A SUBJECT NOT HERETOFORE TOUCHED BY THE SOCIETY.

By an Act of Congress, entitled “An act providing for the enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States,” and which was signed by President Washington on March 1, 1790, the marshals of the judicial districts throughout the United States were “authorized and required to cause the number of the inhabitants within their respective districts to be taken, omitting in such enumerationIndians not taxed, and distinguishing free persons, including thosebound to service for a term of years, from all others.” These returnsthey were instructed to file with the clerks of their respectiveDistrict Courts, who were directed to carefully preserve them.

This was the First Census taken of the inhabitants of the United210States, but it was far from complete, for the reason that “headsof families” only were recorded.

Eighteen months were allowed in which to complete the enumeration.The census-taking was supervised by the marshals of theseveral judicial districts, who employed assistant marshals to actas enumerators.

When the schedules were all gathered in, they were turned overto the President, who, on October 27, 1791, transmitted to Congressa summary of the result, which was published in what isnow a very rare little volume that has not been reprinted for publicuse. The original schedules are contained in 26 bound volumesand are still preserved in the Census Office. They form a curiousand most interesting collection, written as they were by the assistantmarshals, “on such paper as they happened to have, and bindingthe sheets together. In some cases printed blanks furnished by theStates were used, in others merchants’ account paper, and now andthen the schedules were bound in wall paper.”

A complete set of schedules for each State, with a summary forthe Counties, and in many cases for towns, was filed in the StateDepartment, but, unfortunately, they are not now complete, “thereturns for the States of Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, New Jersey,Tennessee and Virginia having been destroyed when the Britishburned the Capitol at Washington during the War of 1812.”

In 1907, Congress authorized the Director of the Census to publish,in a permanent form, the First Census of the United States.“These schedules,” says the Director of the Census, “form a uniqueinheritance for the nation, since they represent for each of theStates a complete list of the heads of families in the United Statesat the time of the adoption of the Constitution. The framers werethe statesmen and leaders of thought, but those whose names appearupon the schedules of the First Census were in general the plaincitizens, who, by their conduct in war and peace, made the Constitutionpossible, and by their intelligence and self-restraint put itinto successful operation.”

The First Census has a peculiar interest for Americans of Irishblood or descent, for here we find irrefutable evidence of the racialorigin of a large part of the people of the United States a few yearsafter the close of the Revolutionary war. There is, of course, nostandard, or fixed rule or principle, by which an absolutely correct211judgment on the question of the racial composition of the earlyinhabitants of the United States can now be formed. The availablestatistics on the subject are incomplete and confusing.

But, if names are to be accepted as a criterion, those who examinethe Census Returns, in conjunction with the records of land grants,the parochial registers, the Colonial Records that have been collectedand edited by the secretaries of state, the court and churchrecords, the Revolutionary rosters, the old newspapers, the Registersof Historical Associations, and other similarly reliable records,must at once conclude that a goodly percentage of the people wereof old Irish stock.

It must be borne in mind also that the Census enumerators madeno returns of unmarried persons. This fact is important, when weplace beside it the statements of reliable historians that the Irishexodus of the 18th century largely comprised the youth of the country.From the records which we have already quoted, we knowthat thousands of the Irish youth became indentured servants aftertheir arrival in the Colonies, and it is not likely that these people,even though married while still in servitude, were considered ofsufficient importance by the census enumerators to be included inthe lists of the “heads of families.”

One who examines these records for traces of the Irish settlerswill be surprised to find a most inviting field of retrospect and researchever widening before him. We do not need to wander intothe field of romance, as some writers occasionally do, in search ofproof that at the beginnings of the Nation the Celtic element figuredto a larger extent than it has been credited with at the handsof our historians.

There is so much of dry fact concerning them in these hithertoobscure records as to make it a perplexing thought for the investigatorwhere to begin upon an exposition of the part played bythe Irish Colonists and their descendants in shaping the destiniesof the future Republic. Theirs is generally a prosaic storyof trials bravely borne, of victories snatched from rude nature inthe face of many difficulties. The pioneer settlers lived a simplebut rude life on the frontiers of civilization, free from the artificialitiesof our latter-day mode of living, but they made the wildernesswhich they found to blossom as the rose and to become a fairhabitation for the generations that have succeeded them.

212Their story would hardly be worth relating were it not for thefact that it affords the proof that men and women of our race andblood were of the “warp and woof” from which has been evolvedthe new and composite race, miscalled “Anglo-Saxon,” which hasmade this Western Hemisphere the leader among the nations ofthe civilized world.

It is in the Census of the Southern States that Irish names appearin the greatest numbers. During the first half of the 18th centurythere were large immigrations of Irish people to the Carolinas,who spread themselves over an immense area, reaching from theSantee river to the eastern boundary line of Georgia, and as farnorth as the dividing line of North Carolina. Doubtless, the majorityof those on the Census Returns bearing Irish names weredescendants of those early settlers, rather than natives of Ireland.

The historian Lossing says: “Between the years 1730 and 1740an Irish settlement was planted near the Santee river in South Carolina,to which was given the name of Williamsburg Township.Up the Pedee, Santee, Edisto, Savannah and Black rivers settlementsspread rapidly, and soon the axe and the plough were plyingwith mighty energy, and from the North of Ireland such numbersdeparted for Carolina that the depopulation of whole districts wasthreatened.”

Williamsburg he calls a “hotbed of rebellion” during the Revolutionarywar. As soon as General Francis Marion received his commissionfrom Governor Rutledge, we are told, “he sped to the districtof Williamsburg between the Santee and Pedee to lead its risingpatriots to the field of active military duties.” (The rosters of GeneralMarion’s brigade contain a large number of Irish names.)

Ramsay also refers to these Irish settlements and deals with themat length in his History of South Carolina. He says that the districtwas named Williamsburg by an Irishman named James, whocame to the Colony with his father in 1733. It is now calledKingstree, and the county in which it is situated is still namedWilliamsburg.

Sims’ Life of General Marion says: “the people of Williamsburgwere sprung generally from Irish parentage. They inherited incommon with all the descendants of the Irish in America a heartydetestation of the English name and authority. This feeling rendered213them excellent patriots and daring soldiers wherever the Britishlion was the object of hostility.”

Other local historians of the South also refer to the Irish settlementsin this territory, which continued with but intermittentintervals down to the closing years of the 18th century. Whenwe turn to the Census schedules we find that the statements of thehistorians are amply corroborated.

In the Williamsburg district, that “hotbed of rebellion,” we findmention of such Irish families as Burke, Barrett, Biggen, Butler,Barron, Bryan, Broaderick, Boland, Brady, Bradley, Cain, Cummins,Connor, Cunningham, Collins, Conway, Callihan, Cronan, Cantey,Corbett, Connell, Castlelaw, Creed, Conally, Cochran, Dunn,Dempsey, Dawson, Dollard, Downing, Donoho, Donnally, Delaney,Dillin, Dailey, Dulon, Dogharty, Earley, Flin, Foley, Fitzpatrick,Faning, Gorman, Galaspy, Gibbons, Gallivant, Ganey, Gowen,Gavin, Gallaher, Gill, Garven, Hagan, Hart, Harrington, Hayes,Hainey, Joice, Jordan, Kennedy, Keenan, Kelly, Kelty, Keen, Keefe,Kerns, Kailey, Lynch, Leysath, Murphy, McCalvey, McCartney,McGill, McFarlin, Manning, McCormic, McKenny, McDowell,McKee, McGinney, McCauley, McBride, McMullan, Mulhollen,Mitchel, McConnell, McClare, McIlveen, McGee, McFadden,Moore, McCottery, McElroy, McMelly, McCleary, McDaniel, McDonald,McCarthy, McCall, McSwain, McWilliams, Morrison, McGraw,McCausland, McCune, McElhaney, McFail, McClendon,McGrath, McElduff, McAdams, McCoy, McCary, McCain, Mahon,O’Brian, O’Neil, O’Cain, O’Bannon, Phelon, Powers, Quinn, Rogers,Roach, Riley, Reidy, Rial, Ryan, Sullivan, Shealds, Swiney,Steele, Shannon, Timmons, Toole, Ward and Walsh.

These are not all. Of the Murphys alone there were in the Williamsburgdistrict eleven families, nine Kellys and several distinctfamilies named O’Brian, O’Neil, O’Bannon and McCarty.

We have selected only one of each name, in order to show thatthe Irish settlements spoken of by Lossing, Sims and Ramsay weredrawn from the South, East and West, as well as from the Northof Ireland. American historians are in the habit of saying that theimmigrants from Ireland were mainly the so-called “Scotch-Irish”element from the northern counties. While it is true there werelarge settlements of Scotch Gaels in the Carolinas, it is seen from214the foregoing list that nearly every county of Celtic Ireland wasrepresented in the “hotbed of rebellion” of South Carolina.

We see from the Census Returns that the collectors wrote downthe names phonetically in most cases, having paid little or no attentionto spelling, or the use of capital letters where they were needed.Some peculiar transformations in names resulted from the carelessnessor ignorance of the enumerators. For instance, we find O’Neillspelled “onailes” and “Ownaile”; O’Brien spelled “Obrient” and“Obriant”; O’Farrell as “Opherl,” and Casey as “Caycey”; Donovanis down as “Dunnevant” and “Dunnaphant”; Doherty as “Dehoitey”and “Dohoty”; Nolan as “noling”; Sullivan as “Sellivent,”“Swillevaun” and “Sewlovan”; Murphy as “Murff,” “Murph,”“Murpry” and “Murfree”; Gallagher as “Gollerhorn”; Flynn as“Phlyn” and “Fling”; Kinsella as “Kincheloe”; McLaughlin as“Maklafflin”; O’Hara as “Oharroe”; and O’Ryan as “Orion.”

To the prefix “Mac” the enumerators, in many cases, gave thesound of “Mag.” Thus we have such name transformations as“Magnamee” and “Magmanous.” We also find “Makmain” forMcMahon and “Muckleroy” for McElroy, and so on. Fitzgeraldsare down as “Fitzjarrel” and “Jarrel”; Fitzpatrick as “Fitchparterack”and “Pitch Patrick”; Reilly as “Royley” and “Royalley”;Cassidy as “Casaty.” In some Southern city directories we havecome across the name of “Pitch,” and we wonder if some of theseare not descendants of the “Pitch Patricks” or Fitzpatricks!

It would be difficult to think of an old Irish name that is notrepresented in the First Census, and which was not, at some timeor other, translated into something very different in appearance, andsometimes only partially retaining the sound of the original name.In the mutations of time, even these new names became still furtherchanged, so that many of the present-day descendants of theIrish pioneers of the Carolinas cannot be recognized as at all ofthe old Gaelic race.

The most numerous Irish name on the First Census of South Carolinais Murphy, there having been 50 distinct families of that name,although the 48 Kelly families gave them a close race. The Gilland McGill families run nip and tuck with the O’Neills and theNealls. There were 34 of the former to 33 of the latter. TheO’Briens and O’Bryans ran the gauntlet of many changes. TheCensus enumerators failed to appreciate the significance of the regalprefix “O,” so they wrote down the name Obrient, Obriant,Bryan and Briant. There were 53 of these in South Carolina in1790.

215The Celtic “Macs” make a great showing. There are upwardsof one thousand of such families in all, the “Macs” that are indigenousto Ireland being more numerous than those that are supposed tobe exclusively native to Scotland. When we consider that, in 1790,the total number of free white males of 16 years and upwards inSouth Carolina was only 35,756, we can readily understand thatone thousand heads of families, with their wives and children, musthave constituted a large percentage of the total population. An examinationof the Census Returns indicates that the average numberof children to each of the Irish-named families was five, so that, ona conservative estimate, the “Macs” alone must have contributednearly 20 per cent to the population of South Carolina!

We find 40 Ward families, 26 McClure families, 26 McDaniels,23 McKees, 22 McCoys, 20 McDowells, 19 Cauleys and McCauleys,19 Mahons and McMahons, 18 McCalls, 17 McBrides, 17 McConnells,16 McCarts and McCartys, 12 McNeills, 11 McFaddens, and10 McMullan families. There are also numbers of McCormacks,McGees, McGowens, McGraws, McGuires, McCrackens, McCanns,McCartneys, McCarys, McClearys, McClendons, McCollums, McElroys,McKennys, McKelveys, McLaughlins, McManus, and manyother similar Irish family names.

There are 41 distinct families of Bradleys recorded, 29 Harts, 24Sullivans, 28 Reynolds, 22 Canes and Kains, 22 Hayeses, 22 Hendricks,21 Dunns, 23 Connors and O’Connors, 21 Carrolls, 20 Logans,20 Reillys and Royleys, 17 Dawsons, 14 Gilmores, 16 Manionsand Mannings, 12 Hagans, 13 Walshes and Welches, 13 Higginses,and 11 Lynch and Linch families.

Among names that are common to Ireland and England, thereare 113 families named Moore in the First Census of South Carolina,80 Rogers and Rodgers, 24 Morrows, 46 Collinses, 42 Butlersand 41 Fords. There are 43 heads of families named Mitchell, 41Montgomery, 26 McDonald, 26 Cunningham, 18 Gillespie, 17 Cochranand 22 Kennedy families, some of whom, no doubt, were Scotch.

Such names as Brady, Burke, Casey, Connelly, Corbett, Cassidy,Callahan, Cleary, Cummings, Curry, Daly, Doherty, Donnelly,Dempsey, Dowling, Duggan, Doyle, Donovan, Ennis, Fitzgerald,216Fogarty, Fitzpatrick, Flinn, Garrett, Garvin, Gorman, Hogan, Jordan,Kearns, Lyons, Malone, Mulligan, Madden, Morrison, Nolan,O’Bannon, Quinn, Regan, Roach, Ryan, Rutledge, Shannon andShiels, as well as others of ancient Irish origin, occur quite frequentlyin the Census Returns, and in all parts of the state. Indeed,we might say, with startling frequency, if they are examinedby that set of persons who are so fond of telling us that the Americanpeople are of Anglo-Saxon origin!

Besides the old Irish clan names, it is seen that a very large numberof the early inhabitants of South Carolina bore names thathave been common in Ireland for centuries, although not all ofIrish origin. There are many Browns, Grays, Greens, Whites, Griffins,Grimeses, Rices, Savages, Steeles, Glovers, Raineys, Rays,Flemings, Staffords, Shaws, Gastons, Parnells, Mileses, Reeds,Fergusons, Coxs, Courtneys, Clarks, Carrs, Kerrs, Allens, Pattersons,Berrys, Hails, Henrys, Morrises, Martins, Lowrys, Hollands,Morrows, Jacksons, Laceys, Masseys and Leonards.

That some of these people were Irish seems beyond doubt, particularlywhen we find such distinctive Irish Christian names asDarby, Malachi, Patrick, Brian, Cormac, Connor and the like. Andwhen we see O’Bryan Smiths, Patrick Smiths, and Michael and JeremiahSmiths, and other similar name combinations, we can safelyassume that in the majority of cases they were of Irish origin orbirth.

Since many prominent Irish Americans played an important partin the success of the project for a fitting memorial to the heroes ofthe British prison-ships of the Revolution, it is fit that reference bemade here to this noble tribute and the manner of its accomplishment.

The magnificent monument, costing in the neighborhood of $200,000,was dedicated at Fort Greene Park, Borough of Brooklyn, NewYork, on November 14, 1908, in the presence of one of the most distinguishedand representative gatherings which ever honored a likeoccasion in this country. Addresses were made by President-electTaft, by Governor Hughes of New York, Secretary Luke E. Wrightof the Navy, and by other distinguished men, including Patrick F.McGowan, Chairman of the Board of Aldermen of the City of NewYork, and Daniel F. Cohalan, Grand Sachem of the Tammany Societyof New York, an organization which did much toward the successof the project and which contributed a substantial amount.

The monument itself is one of the finest memorials in the world.It stands in the center of a broad plaza, reached by three flights of34 steps each, 100 feet in width. The height from the bottom ofthe plaza to the top of the monument is nearly 200 feet. The topis accessible and is reached by an electric elevator. The monumentis constructed of white granite from New York state, and the stepsfrom granite quarried at Stonington, Penobscot Bay, Maine. Thearchitects were McKim, Mead and White, and the work is said tohave been the last of an extensive nature by the late Stanford White.

The funds for the erection of this noteworthy tribute were obtainedthrough a government appropriation of half the amount, astate appropriation of $25,000, an appropriation by the city of twicethat amount, and the rest through subscriptions from societies andhistorical and patriotic organizations. The Tammany Society contributedthe final $1,000 to complete the required amount. Thiswell-known organization was the very first to secure a proper recognitionof the courage and patriotism of the prison ship martyrsmore than one hundred years ago.

218Among the heroes of the British prison-ships were many of Irishbirth or extraction, and it is therefore a subject for pride and satisfactionto us as a race that their valor has at last been recognized,and especially that an organization largely controlled by our peoplehas played so important a part in the accomplishment of such recognition.Never in the history of the world have prisoners of war beenmade the victims of such unexampled cruelties as those practised onthe Americans by the British in the Revolution, and it is a strikingand never-to-be-forgotten commentary on British methods towardtheir enemies in war that the record of the prison-ships of the Revolutionis deemed by all the world a black mark on English history.

THE IRISH IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.

Short Address Delivered by Master Karl Egan, at the IowaOpera House, Emmetsburg, Iowa, March 17, 1909, Duringthe Presentation of the Irish Drama, “The Hero ofWicklow,” under the Auspices of the Ancient Order ofHibernians. Some Facts of Interest to the People ofIrish Birth or Ancestry.

Ladies and Gentlemen: On this important anniversary, which is associated with so many achievements of interest to the people of our race, it is fitting to enquire what part the Irish took in the Revolutionary War. What did they do for the cause of human liberty at this most critical time in the world’s history? All we ask is the truth. For some reason our ordinary school histories have never given us any credit for the prominent part our ancestors took inthat great struggle. What I shall say will bear the closest historicalinvestigation.

It was Patrick Henry, who, by his soul-stirring speech, arousedthe members of the Virginia Assembly to a sense of patriotic duty.In 1776 he ran for governor on the Independence ticket and carriedthat important colony for the Revolutionary cause. Still, heclaimed that John Rutledge of South Carolina was the greatestAmerican orator of his time. The latter was also elected presidentof South Carolina in 1776, on the same ticket. John Rutledge andPatrick Henry were both sons of Irishmen.

219During the Revolutionary War men of Irish birth or ancestryserved as governors in South Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania,Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Massachusetts and NewHampshire. They were among the most ardent and fearless of thepatriots of that history-making period.

It was in John Duggan’s tavern in Boston that the Boston TeaParty was planned. Several Irishmen were in the execution of theplan.

Eleven of the fifty-four members of the first Continental Congresswere Irishmen and sons of Irishmen. Thomas Johnson, who nominatedGeorge Washington for commander-in-chief of the Americanforces, was a Celt of the old school.

The war began April, 1775, but it was not officially declared untilJuly 4, 1776. October 15, 1775, Congress sent a committee tointerview General Washington and to decide as to the advisabilityof continuing the struggle. Of the five who participated in thatmost important conference, Joseph Reed and Thomas Lynch wereIrish. The other members were Benjamin Franklin, Colonel Harrisonand General Washington.

A rough draft of the Declaration of Independence was preparedby Thomas Jefferson. It was re-written and carefully revised byCharles Thompson, who was styled the Samuel Adams of Philadelphia,and the life of the cause of liberty. When the Declarationwas first proclaimed, it was signed by John Hanco*ck, as presidentof the Continental Congress, and by Charles Thompson, as secretary.The other names were attached later. Thompson was anIrishman and Hanco*ck an Irish American. John Nixon first publiclyread it and Thos. Dunlap first printed it and published it tothe world. Both were Celtic to the backbone. Who periled mostin signing the immortal document? History answers, Charles Carrollof Carrollton, another Irish American.

Who fought the hardest in the British House of Parliament forthe rights of American colonists? Edmond Bourk, an Irishman, andone of the greatest statesmen the world has ever known.

In placing his most important officers, General Washington hadMorgan and Hand leading his rifles, Knox at the head of his artillery,220John Dunlap as his life guard, Edward Hand as his adjutant-general,Andrew Lewis as his brigadier-general, Stephen Moylan andJohn Fitzgerald as his aids, and Ephraim Blaine as his quartermaster.All were Irish by birth or ancestry. When Washingtonwas retreating through New Jersey, he sent word to Thomas Johnson,a Maryland Celt, that he had not enough men to fight the Britishand too few to run away with. Johnson raised a force of 1,800men and hurried to his assistance.

All students of American history have read of the gallant RichardMontgomery, Mad Anthony Wayne, John Sullivan, Daniel Morgan,Stephen Moylan, John Fitzgerald, Henry Knox, Wm. Irvine,Richard Butler, and Generals Cochran, Campbell, McDowell,McCall, McClary, Jasper, Graham, Hazelett, Colonel Pickens, andmany others who were among the most valiant and successful officersin that eventful conflict. All belonged to our liberty-loving, heroicrace. It has been officially ascertained that out of 131 of the mostprominent officers in the war for American Independence, 20 were ofEnglish ancestry, 25 of French, 10 of German and Dutch, 8 ofScotch, 2 of Polish, and 84 of Irish and Welch. CommodoresBarry, Perry, McDonough and Stewart, of the wars of 1776 and1812, were scions of brave-hearted exiles from the Emerald Isle.

June 16, 1779, Joseph Galloway, speaker of the PennsylvaniaHouse of Representatives, who had to fly to England because of hissympathy with the Tories, was examined as a witness by a committeeof the British House of Parliament, and he testified that the Irishconstituted one-half of the American army, the native Americansone-fourth and that the other one-fourth were English and Scotch.This statement is corroborated by Lecky, the English historian, LordMountjoy, General Lee, Count Rochambeau, Col. J. C. Custis, theadopted son of General Washington, and Rev. P. Allison, the Presbyterianchaplain of Washington’s army. They are competent authorities.President Roosevelt and James G. Blaine, in public addresses,have acknowledged, in substance, the accuracy of this testimony.Hutchinson, the last royal governor of Massachusetts, declared thathis colony would never have voted for independence, had it not beenfor the rebellious Irish.

There were 15 Irish in the battle of Lexington and 258 at BunkerHill. The monument at Bunker Hill is covered with Irish names.Captain Parker, who commanded at Lexington, and who was killed,221was Irish. Colonels Barrett, Smith and Davis, who commanded atConcord, were also Irish. When the American forces took possessionof Boston, John Sullivan was officer of the day and the countersignwas “St. Patrick.”

After the treason of Benedict Arnold, General Washington orderedthat none but the Irish be placed on guard at West Point.

When the soldiers of Lafayette were half naked and starving, theIrish people of Baltimore, then a place of only one hundred homes,gave them food and clothing. In 1780, when the finances of thestruggling republic were at the lowest ebb, when it took from $30to $50 in paper to make $1 in specie, after our soldiers had sufferedat Valley Forge and elsewhere, the business men of Philadelphiaraised 315,000 lbs. sterling and gave it to Congress. Twenty-sevenIrishmen of that city contributed 103,500 pounds of that amount.They were members of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, which gave399 officers of the highest rank to the city, state and nation duringits early history. Washington became an honorary member of thatpatriotic organization.

When our country so badly needed assistance, Bishop Carroll accompaniedBenjamin Franklin to France to seek the aid of thatcountry. It was secured. History gives Franklin the credit, butdoes not mention the name of Bishop Carroll, who really made themission a successful one. Bishop Carroll also accompanied Franklinto the French Canadian provinces for a similar purpose.

There were twelve Irish delegates to the convention that adoptedthe Constitution, and there were five Irishmen in the first UnitedStates Senate of twenty-two members.

Dr. Hugh Knox educated Alexander Hamilton, who was a poorboy. Doctor Knox was a big-hearted Irishman. It was MatthewP. Lyon, an Irishman, who was sold as a slave in Connecticut when amere boy, who, on the thirty-sixth ballot, as a congressman from Vermont,later in life, cast the deciding vote that elected Thomas Jeffersonpresident of the United States over Aaron Burr.

Many who came with the French to assist the Americans weresons of Irishmen, who had been driven to France with Patrick Sarsfieldafter the treachery of the British at Limerick in 1691.

From 1691 to 1791, over 400,000 different Irishmen served in theFrench army. When the Revolutionary War broke out, they petitionedthe French War Department to come to America to fight their222national foes. There were entire Irish regiments in the French armywhen Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown. A young Irishman,Robert Wilson, was appointed to take charge of the surrenderedflags and the news of the great victory was sent in haste to PresidentThomas McKean, of the Continental Congress at Philadelphia.McKean was one of the foremost Irish Americans of his time.

Molly Pitcher and Nancy Hart, two Irish women who participatedin the Revolutionary War, deserve rank with the greatest heroinesin history.

The Irish were among the leading educators, journalists, theologians,historians, scientists, canal constructors, and railway buildersof the decades subsequent to the Revolutionary War. They wereleaders in laying substantially the broad foundation for our material,educational and moral greatness. They gave us such statesmen asJames Monroe, Andrew Jackson, John C. Calhoun, James K. Polk,and many others, who were among the very ablest national leaders inthe early history of our republic.

I shall not refer to the part the Irish took in the War of 1812,the Mexican War, the great Civil conflict, or the Spanish-Americanstruggle for supremacy. All I ask is for you to reflect on their greatfight for liberty from 1775 to 1783—that struggle that has been feltaround the world—and to tell the facts to your children, to yourfriends, and to your fellow citizens, for they will not, for some unknownreason, find it in ordinary histories. I can do no better thanto quote, in closing, the words of Colonel John Parke Custis, theadopted son of General Washington:

“Then honored be the old and good services of the sons of Erin inthe war of independence. Let the shamrock be entwined with thelaurels of the Revolution; and truth and justice, guiding the pen ofhistory, inscribe on the tablets of American remembrance: ‘Eternalgratitude to Irishmen.’”

Hon. Eli Thayer was born in the town of Mendon, in the state of Massachusetts, June 11, 1819, and deceased at Worcester, in that state, April 15, 1899, aged eighty years.

He was elected a member of the American Irish Historical Societyin 1897, shortly after its first meeting, and was an active and interestedmember at the time of his death.

Mr. Thayer was a descendant in the seventh generation fromThomas Thayer and seventh in descent from John Alden of Mayflowerfame, through Ruth, daughter of Rev. Noah Alden of Bellingham,Mass., who married his grandfather, Benjamin Thayer.John Alden was an Irishman and Thomas Thayer was Irish on theside of one of his parents.

He was the eldest of eight children. He received his early educationin the district schools of Mendon, and at the Bellingham HighSchool. Later he attended the academy at Amherst and the manualtraining school at Worcester, afterwards the Worcester Academy.He always ranked high in his scholarship, and in 1835–’36 taughtschool in Douglass, and for the four succeeding years assisted hisfather in a country store at Millville. In May, 1840, he re-enteredthe manual labor school, in order to fit for Brown University. Twoyears later he taught school at Hopkinton, Rhode Island, and whilethere was elected a member of the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity, anhonor seldom conferred before the senior year.

In September, 1844, the superintendent of schools in Providence,Nathan Bishop, induced him to take charge of the boys’ high schoolfor the remainder of the year for $600, a large salary for that period.This school had proven for some time unmanageable in the handsof several masters, but he reduced it to order and subjection. By acceptingthis position, he lost a year at Brown University, but was224able to graduate in 1845, the second in his class. After his graduation,he immediately came to Worcester and became a teacher atthe Academy, and was later its principal.

In 1845 he purchased of John Jaques four acres and ninety rodsof land in Worcester, on what was then called Goat Hill. In 1848he began the erection of the building called the Oread, which wascompleted in 1852. It is built of the stone underlying the hill.At first only the north tower was completed, and it was in this portionof the building that he established the famous school for youngwomen, which he conducted with great success until he entered uponhis later political work.

At the time that the school was opened, it was the only institutein the country that promised a full college course for women. Itwas the forerunner of Vassar, Smith and Wellesley. The nameOread means “the abode of the mountain nymphs.” The southtower was completed in 1850, and the connecting portion of thebuilding a year or two later.

The towers are 40 feet in diameter and four stories high, while theentire length of the building is 250 feet. It was constructed afterdesigns entirely Mr. Thayer’s own, without the aid of an architect,and the beauty of the building and the charming location have beenremarked by strangers from all over the country.

He entered political life in 1852, when he was elected a memberof the school board. Later he was a member of the board of aldermenand served during the years of 1853–’54 in the state legislature.It was during his first year in the state House of Representativesthat he became conspicuous by the introduction of a bill toincorporate the Bank of Mutual Redemption, which was hailed withdelight by bankers and monied men throughout the state, as itseemed to afford a means of release from the autocratic rule of theSuffolk Bank of Boston.

This bill was passed in the course of years and the Bank ofMutual Redemption loaned the money to the government when Andrewwas governor during the Civil War.

It was not, however, until 1854 that Mr. Thayer accomplished thegreat act of his life, the one which enrolls his name among the benefactorsof mankind, in originating the plan which saved Kansas andother territories to the Union and perhaps settled the destiny of thenation, for if the southern leaders had secured the territories, it225would have given them the balance of power for many years to comeand there would have been no rebellion. The North would have acquiesced,as it always had, in the decision of the congressional majority.In his original idea of making Kansas free, he actuallysettled the destinies of the country.

It was at a meeting to protest against the repeal of the Missouricompromise, held in the old city hall on the evening of March 11,1854, that Mr. Thayer announced his celebrated “plan of freedom.”In effect it was simply to take possession by lawful means of the newterritories through organized immigration of free-state men sustainedby a base of supplies.

Mr. Thayer defined this plan as “business anti-slavery,” distinguishedfrom sentimental and political anti-slavery, both of whichhad been tried for many years and found to be faulty, slavery in themeantime constantly growing stronger. He clearly saw that whicheverside gained the majority of the settlers would control the situationsof the new section, in spite of all efforts to establish othersamong them, and to the purpose of securing this majority for freedomhe devoted all his energies and all of his means until that endwas accomplished.

As the first means toward fortifying himself for this undertakinghe immediately secured the passage of an act to incorporate the MassachusettsEmigrant Aid Company and before the vote to repeal theMissouri compromise was taken, hired a hall in Boston and began tospeak afternoon and evening in behalf of his undertaking.

The intense excitement and strong opposition which followed thefirst announcement of the purpose to repeal the compromise in agreat measure subsided after that act was accomplished, and hefound extreme difficulty in the succeeding months in persuading asufficient number of men to join in his enterprise to form the firstcolony.

The Know-Nothing frenzy absorbed the public mind so fully thatother considerations were almost entirely excluded, and the FreeSoil vote of 1854 dwindled to a few thousands, the Republican candidatefor governor himself deserting his party and voting with thenative Americans. The Know-Nothing organization had controlledthe state for three years, and the frenzy had seized the public mindto such an extent that no man who aspired to public office had achance of election unless he was affiliated with that party.

226Every member of Congress belonged to it, and it has been commonlysaid that Henry Wilson and other prominent office-holders ofthat time were elected upon that platform. The national Know-Nothingparty did not agitate the slavery question, but maintainedthat Congress ought not to legislate on the question of slavery, whichwas regulated by the statutes of the various states.

In 1856 the Republicans of the Massachusetts congressional districtin which Worcester is situated came to the front, but, feelingthat they stood no show of winning at the pending elections, madealliances with the Know-Nothing party, whereby the offices were tobe divided, and Col. Alexander Dewitt made an agreement withHenry Chapin that he would not run against him. At the last moment,however, Governor Gardiner sent word that he must make therun against Chapin. It was at this crisis that Charles White, aparty manager, nominated Eli Thayer for Congress, and took a carriageand went to the Oread to notify him of his nomination.

Mr. Thayer was warmly greeted in the convention and, althoughit was but five days before the election, he announced his determinationto stump the district and called for means of transportation tothe various towns and villages. During the five days he made on anaverage four speeches a day. At the close of the campaign Dr. JosephSargent said to Mr. Thayer that no man could do what he haddone and live, but he replied that he was prepared to undertake thesame ordeal again in the same cause.

During this campaign he would speak at Clinton in the morning,at Leominster at noon, at Ashburnham in the afternoon and atFitchburg in the evening, and it was in this way that he covered theentire Worcester district in the short space of five days. The resultof this bitter contest was most gratifying to Mr. Thayer, who wonby a vote of nearly two to one. The election was in November,1856, but Mr. Thayer did not take his seat until the December ofthe following year.

At this time a new matter was interesting the southern members—theretention of the state of Kansas in the Democratic column. Thenotable southern propagandists, of which Quitman of Mississippiwas the representative, had, in order to amend the neutrality laws,put on foot a scheme for the unification of Mexico, Cuba and CentralAmerica and the formation of an immense slave empire. Thiswas regarded by the northern representatives with a great deal ofapprehension, but much to the surprise of everyone Mr. Thayercame out in favor of it.

227He said to the southern leaders that he intended to colonize thisnew empire with New England Yankees. His speeches on CentralAmerican colonization, on the “Suicide of Slavery,” and on the“Admission of Oregon” brought him great fame. Against the caucusdecision of his own party he secured the admission of Oregoninto the Union, and in this act, though in opposition to partisan dictation,he was sustained by leading Republican organs throughoutthe country, although he received some censure in his own district.

Soon after these speeches his political enemies in the district beganto organize against him, but his popularity was not to be overcomeand he was returned with a flattering endorsem*nt. During his secondterm in Congress he was instrumental in the admission of Oregonas a state to statehood. The Republicans were of the opinionthat the admission of Oregon into the Union would mean heavierDemocratic representation. Mr. Thayer, however, argued that thebest way to make Oregon a Republican state would be to admit itinto the Union. Succeeding events proved that his view of the matterwas correct, but at the time the Republicans in the House opposedthe admission.

Mr. Thayer, during the discussion of the bill, went to AlexanderH. Stephens, then chairman of the Committee on Territories of theHouse, and told him that he should work for the passage of the billand it was to his everlasting credit that Oregon was admittedto the Union by a majority of eleven votes, of which fourteen hadbeen won over by the untiring efforts of Mr. Thayer.

He was assailed at home for his stand in this matter, as his constituentsconsidered that he had voted for a measure which providedfor the admission of a state whose constitution excluded the negrofrom all political rights. As a direct result of his stand in this matter,the district failed to send him as a delegate to the national conventionin 1860, which placed in nomination Abraham Lincoln forthe presidency.

Together with Horace Greeley, however, he was a member of theconvention, representing Oregon, the state for whose admission hehad so earnestly worked, and whose people appreciated his servicesin its behalf. He worked with Greeley for the nomination of Lincolnin a convention which was replete with startling incidents, not228the least of which was the motion of Joshua R. Giddings, aiming atthe admission of a clause in the platform providing that all men arefree and equal.

On account of this outspoken stand in several important measures,it was apparent to Mr. Thayer that he would fail of a renomination,and in the spring of 1860 he announced himself as an independentRepublican candidate. As the campaign developed, a candidate inopposition to Mr. Thayer was found in the person of Goldsmith F.Bailey of Fitchburg, but no speaker in the state could be found whowas willing to meet the arguments on important questions advancedby Mr. Thayer. Such men as Henry Wilson and Charles Sumnerrefused to meet him on the stump in joint debate, and he was obligedto fight it out alone. The result was that he was defeated by a verysmall majority. So great was his popularity throughout the countryduring his second term that he was prominently spoken of as apossible senator from Massachusetts.

Bailey, who defeated him for Congress, was in advanced stages ofconsumption when he was nominated and was unable to take thestump against Mr. Thayer. The voters of Worcester at last becameso vigorous in their demands to see the candidate that to quiet thema meeting was arranged at which he was to be presented to themfrom the platform. When Bailey arrived in the city he was such ahaggard and ghastly spectacle that it was feared by the party managersthat if seen by the voters as he was, it would make votes forThayer.

It is maintained by those who seem to know that Bailey was takeninto George R. Spear’s drug store before the meeting. There hisface was painted and touched up with cosmetics until he lookedlike a thing of life instead of a specter. He sat in Congress butone day, and then returned to his home and died.

In 1856 Mr. Thayer originated a southern colonization scheme,which had for its object the settling of Virginia, North Carolina,Kentucky and the border states and driving the slaves toward theGulf. He enlisted the services of James Gordon Bennett of theNew York Herald, and William Cullen Bryant of the New YorkEvening Post in his project. He went South at the head of thecolonists and founded the town of Ceredo in Virginia, now a sizableplace.

At the time he was charged by the Southerners with coming down229into the South to interfere with slavery, but he and his colonists disclaimedany such purpose, saying that he neither intended to interferenor have any part in the slavery movement. He said furtherthat he could support the negro power and a steam engine for $10 ayear, while it was costing the southern slaveholders $150 a year, andthat at the time he came into Virginia land was worth but 50 centsto $1.50 an acre, but that his free settlement had made it worth $50an acre.

A man named Jenkins, afterwards a rebel officer, appealed toGov. Henry A. Wise to exterminate this colony of abolitionists, butthe governor said that they came into the state in a peaceful wayand that anything which tended to increase the wealth should beprotected. Considerable progress with the colonization scheme wasmade in other states, especially in North Carolina, but the JohnBrown raid and the opening of the rebellion brought the enterpriseto an end. After the war Charles B. Hoard, a member of Congresswith Mr. Thayer, came into possession of the property at Ceredo.The project caused Mr. Thayer a loss of $118,000.

Mr. Thayer was appointed a special and confidential agent of thetreasury department and served as such in 1861–’62. In 1862 heproposed to Secretary Stanton a plan for the military colonizationof Florida, which was approved by President Lincoln, all of themembers of the president’s cabinet excepting Seward, and by nearlyevery Republican member of Congress, as well as by Generals Hunter,Hooker and Garfield. According to the plan, Mr. Thayer wasto go as military governor and General Garfield as commander ofthe forces.

This plan was under consideration for several months by thepresident’s cabinet and was sustained by great meetings in New YorkCity and Brooklyn by such speakers as William Cullen Bryant andCassius M. Clay and others of equal note. Capitalists came forwardwith offers of steamships, and other means and regiments wereoffered from several of the states, but, like other notable plans whichwere never carried out, this plan was prevented from being putinto operation by exigencies of the times.

He remained with the Republican party until the impeachmentof President Johnson. He was a Democratic candidate for Congressin this district in 1874, and also later, in the first instance230nearly defeating Senator George F. Hoar, reducing the Republicanmajority from 7,000 to 300.

He was interested in the solution of the polygamy question inUtah, and, in connection with such men as Amos A. Lawrence, EdwardEverett Hale and other members of the old Emigrant Aid Society,was concerned with plans for the elimination of the evil bythe principle formerly put into force in Kansas. In recent yearshe has written much of history, illustrating his life work and theprinciples which have governed his actions in political and philanthropicwork. He kept fully abreast of the times, with a keen interestin current events, and was always in sympathy with genuineprogress.

Mr. Thayer was engaged after leaving Congress by the Hanibaland St. Joe Railroad Company, at a very large salary, to act as itsland agent in New York City. He was there from about 1864 until1870. He was also an expert in matters of invention, acting asa referee in such cases, for which he received large sums. He studiedlaw, but was never admitted to the bar.

During the war time he originated a plan for the establishmentof a great port of entry on the peninsular between the York andthe James rivers in Virginia, and obtained a bond for a deed of theland. He considered the natural advantages of that locality a rivalto New York. His plan, however, was divulged to certain heavycapitalists in New York, and they by some means obtained possessionof the property and frustrated his scheme. He said he wouldhave carried the thing through had he obtained the land, but thecapitalists undertook it and failed.

He had a very keen sense of humor and a sharp wit. It was mostamusing of itself to hear him tell humorous stories and preserve hisgrim countenance from the suspicion of a smile.

Mr. Thayer took the initiative in developing the south end ofWorcester for manufacturing by erecting, more than fifty years ago,the building formerly known as the Adriatic mills on SouthgateStreet. He was influential in the erection of the junction shop formerlythe property of the late Col. James Estabrook, and for manyyears occupied by the Knowles loom works on Jackson Street. Thisbuilding, like the Oread Institute, was constructed of the stonetaken from Oread Hill. He laid out and improved several streetsand tracts of land in the vicinity of the Oread and had under consideration231at the time of his death the opening up of a large areaon the summit of Pakachoag Hill, at the rear of Holy Cross College.

He was the last surviving member of the Emigrant Aid Society,director of the Mutual Redemption Bank, member of the WorcesterSociety of Antiquity and the American Irish Historical Society.Belonging to no clubs, he was essentially a home man. Throughoutthe country he was familiarly known as the “Father of Kansas.”

He was married in 1846 to Cardina M. Capron of Millville,Mass., and seven children were born as a result of the union.

LATE PUBLICATIONS ON HISTORY OF INTEREST TO THE MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

Pacific Blockade. By Albert E. Hogan, LL. D.

This is the only treatise in English exclusively upon this subject,and the author has discussed a minor topic of international law fullyand fairly. His views are briefly that pacific blockade (the right toblockade the ports of another state in time of peace and without warnecessarily resulting) is too new a practice to have become entirelyregularized; that the state blockaded as well as the blockader, butnot the third powers affected, may decline to look upon a specificcase of pacific blockade as consistent with peace, and thus considerwar to be a fact; that notice, effectiveness, days of grace, etc., are tobe observed much as in ordinary blockade; that, unlike ordinaryblockade, it may be limited to a certain commodity or a certaintraffic; that the ships of third powers, attempting to run a pacificblockade, can only be turned back or at most detained, never seizedand confiscated as if war existed; that this kind of coercion is betterthan war for all parties.

Doctor Hogan is an Irishman and a professor of law at theUniversity of Oxford in England, but his book and his views arebeing much discussed and widely criticised by American historicalauthorities.

232The Mystery of the Pinckney Draught. By Hon. Charles C. Nott, formerly Chief Justice of the United States Court of Claims.

This work is interesting throughout. Pinckney was not a greatconstructive statesman, but in the work of the convention he renderedvaluable service in formulating many of the details embodiedin the Constitution. It was not so much a new instrument of governmentthat Pinckney framed in his original plan as it was a revisionof the Articles of Confederation. In the preparation of hisplan, Pinckney drew extensively upon the Articles of Confederationand the various state constitutions, especially that of New York. OnMay 29th, 1787, Charles Pinckney presented to the Federal Convention“the draft of a federal government to be agreed upon betweenthe free and independent states of America”; that the recordsnote simply its submission to the convention, its reference on thesame day to the Committee of the Whole House, and later to theCommittee of Detail; and that when John Quincy Adams in 1818applied to Pinckney for a copy of the missing plan, he received in replya document so strikingly similar to the draft of a constitutionreported by the Committee of Detail on August 6th that it was evidentone document must have been taken from the other. Theconclusion has been almost universally unfavorable to Pinckney.Judge Nott in his work takes the other side, and in an elaborate argumentdeclares that the original Pinckney plan is lost to the worldbecause it was used as “printer’s copy” by the Committee of Detail.

The Works of James Buchanan, Comprising His Speeches, State Papers and Private Correspondence. Collected and edited by Prof. John Bassett Moore. Volumes V and VI, 1841–1844, 1844–1846.

President Buchanan was an Irishman, and Professor Moore hasundertaken a most meritorious work in bringing forth the speeches,state papers and private correspondence of this great American citizen.The volume now issued is the fifth, and covers part of theperiod that Mr. Buchanan was in the United States Senate, wherehis continued membership of the Committee on Foreign Relationsand Committee on Manufactures brought him into close contact withmany of the most pressing questions of the time. The great issuescovered by these volumes were those of the northeastern and northwesternboundaries and the annexation of Texas. In 1844 Buchananwas a presidential possibility, and his letters, though few innumber, show him willing to take, but unwilling to seek, this highoffice. An excellent review of these volumes has recently beenmade by Professor William MacDonald of Brown University, Providence,R. I., a member of the Executive Committee of the AmericanHistorical Association.

233Old Times on the Upper Mississippi: The Recollections of a Steamboat Pilot from 1854 to 1863. By George Byron Merrick.

The author’s family were whalers from Nantucket. Mr. Merrickis a good story-teller, and his book abounds with tales of traffic onthe Mississippi River from 1854 to 1863.

The author originally came from Nantucket, and began as apantry boy on the Mississippi, occupying every position in the steamboatand flat-boat business for a great many years, and his tales ofwar-times are intensely interesting. The book is not well named,however, because steamboating was a large business for over thirtyyears before the narrative begins. He tells interestingly of bringingto the front in April, 1861, Sherman’s Flying Artillery, the mostfamous organization in the old army, stationed at the time at FortRidgely, high up the Minnesota River. The Fanny Harris, thelargest boat which had ever gone up the stream, received the batteryon board, its commander then being no other than John C. Pembertonof Pennsylvania, at first a loyal Union officer, although afterwardsthe Confederate lieutenant-general at Vicksburg. His lieutenantwas Romeyn B. Ayres, than whom no Federal officer of theCivil War was braver. The river was at flood, the perils of navigationgreat, but the emergency was pressing. The Fanny Harrisdashed on at full speed, sometimes in the tortuous channel, sometimescrashing through narrow barriers of land into inundated bottomsand even woods, the battery-men meantime exclaiming that the riskto life in battle was far less than among those pouring waters.Three hundred miles down the current was accomplished in two days.The boat was almost stripped of smokestacks, light upper work, andnearly all of her guards, but the battery was delivered, guns andmen, at Prairie du Chien. Its style is simple, but very interesting,and the book is beautifully illustrated and printed.

234Texts of the Peace Conferences at The Hague, 1899 and 1907, with English translation and appendix of related documents. Edited by James Brown Scott, technical delegate of the United States to the Second Peace Conference at The Hague.

The volume is published by Ginn & Company of Boston and NewYork, of which our Librarian and Archivist, Mr. Thomas B. Lawler,is a partner. There is a twenty-five page introduction, giving ananalysis and discussion of the work of the conferences. Most ofthe documents have been published elsewhere, and some of themmany times, but it is well worth while to have them brought togetherin this convenient form. Ex-Secretary Root thinks the workof the Second Conference presents the greatest advance ever made atany single time towards the reasonable and peaceful regulation of internationalconduct, unless it be the advance made at The HagueConference of 1899. The volume is complete and treats of the importantfactors in both conferences, and publishes the very valuabledocuments.

The Bibliographer’s Manual of American History, containing an account of all state, territory, town and county histories, etc., compiled by Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.

Three volumes have thus far been issued, and each volume showsimprovement over its predecessor. It is a valuable work and a mostexcellent compilation of documents of great advantage to studentsof American history, and furnishes a good means of observation tothe members of the American Irish Historical Society to take in ata glance the history of so many places in this country.

The American Executive and Executive Methods. By John H. Finley, President of the College of the City of New York, and John F. Sanderson, member of the Pennsylvania Bar.

The joint authors of this book have maintained the high standardof scholarship that has characterized the series of which the volumeunder review is the final number. There are fourteen chapters uponthe executive department of the American state, and the other eightdeal with the federal executive, to which is added an appendix uponthe presidential electoral system. Throughout the work referenceis made to the excellent achievements of many Pennsylvania Irishmen,but Mr. Marshall S. Brown, who prints a review of the work,235finds, among other things, that the book reflects somewhat the defectsinherent in a work of dual authorship.

Winthrop’s Journal, 1630–1649. Edited by James Kendall Hosmer. Two volumes.

This is one of the series of “Original Narratives of Early AmericanHistory.” The old title, “History of New England,” is givenin this edition only as a sub-title, and the volumes appear to be whatthey are—a journal. Nevertheless, the work is interesting throughout,and would be a valuable addition to the Society’s library.

The Province of New Jersey, 1664–1738. By Edwin P. Tanner, Ph. D., instructor in history in Syracuse University.

This is a detailed history of the political affairs and institutionsof New Jersey during two generations of its provincial life. Thepeculiar land system of the proprietors in each of the twoJerseys, elements of the population, the personnel, legal position andactivities of executive, council and assembly respectively, and theirconflicts, the judicial system, financial affairs, militia system, etc.,are carefully treated.

The Writings of James Madison. Edited by Gaillard Hunt.

This is much on the plan and fully as extensive as “The Worksof James Buchanan” heretofore referred to, and eight volumes atpresent have been issued. The notes are excellent in respect to informationand judgment, but not much of the matter set out is new,the author merely contenting himself by copying the writings ofPresident Madison without making any specious comment on thesame.

A Calendar of Confederate Papers, with a Bibliography of Some Confederate Publications.

This is a preliminary report of the Southern Historical ManuscriptsCommission, and is one of the really monumental historicalenterprises in the South. The commission is actively collecting, arrangingand publishing various kinds of material relating to theCivil War, and to thoroughly appreciate the truly marvelous changesone should have known the conditions in the southern capitals aquarter of a century ago. Those directing this enterprise are soenergetic, intelligent and ambitious that we believe the best fruits236are yet to be gathered, although there is no room to doubt the valueof several large collections already made. Mr. Douglas SouthallFreeman is the director, and this calendar, orderly throughout andsupplemented by careful notes, is very complimentary to him. Muchhistorical data can be gathered for the Society from the southernstates, where the recognition of Irishmen and their achievements wasmore free than in the New England states.

The Adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment. By Horace Edgar Flack, Ph. D.

Is a part of the Johns Hopkins University studies in historical andpolitical science. So much has been heretofore said about thesestudies in the current magazines that we assume the members ofthe Society are familiar with them.

Collections and Researches Made by the Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society.

The Society has been at work many years, and now publishes itsthirty-sixth volume. The usefulness of this work to members of ourSociety in Michigan who desire to record the history and achievementsof Americans of Irish birth or descent cannot be overestimated.

Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin.

This is the eighteenth volume of the publications, and is edited byDoctor Thwaites, Secretary and Superintendent of the Society. TheWisconsin History Commission, consisting of the governor of thestate, the professor of American history in the state university, thesecretary of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, the secretaryof the Library Commission, and a representative of the Grand Armyof the Republic, work with the State Historical Society of Wisconsin,and have already gathered and arranged the material for ahistory of Wisconsin’s part in the Civil War. A series of “OriginalPapers” has been inaugurated, on the line of the papers presentedat our last meeting in Washington by Mr. Justice Dowling and Ex-Attorney-GeneralMoloney, and are very interesting.

Lives of the Governors of Minnesota.

Is Volume XIII of the publications of the Minnesota HistoricalSociety Collections, and is by James H. Baker, A. M., who has occupiedseveral political positions in his state and has been closelyassociated with the men whose lives he has sketched. Mr. Bakeris almost eighty years of age, and he has personal acquaintance withthe governors from Ramsey, the first territorial governor in 1849, upto the present incumbent. Mr. Baker’s sketches of Gorman, territorialgovernor from 1853 to 1857; Sibley, first state governor from1858 to 1860; Swift, third state governor from 1863 to 1864;McGill, 1887 to 1889; and Clough, 1895 to 1899; men of Irish extraction,are thorough and entertaining.

237Transactions of the Kansas State Historical Society, 1907–1908:

This is Volume X of the publications of the Society, and is editedby the Secretary, George W. Martin. Fifty-six essays by nearly asmany writers are presented. Several of the productions are composedof separate papers, such as the collections of biographicalsketches of members of early legislatures, etc. A wealth of originalmaterial, well worth the notice of historians outside of the state ofKansas, is revealed, and forty-eight maps, plans, portraits and landscapesillustrate the text.

History of the City of Vincennes, 1702–1901:

An important contribution to the local history of Indiana, and awell written and authentic account of the oldest town in that state.By Henry S. Cauthorn.

History of Worcester:

A well written, authentic history of the Massachusetts town inthe War of the Rebellion. By A. P. Marvin.

Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry History:

An account of the regiment from 1861 to 1865. By Edwin E.Bryant.

Professor Edward Channing of Harvard University has two volumesof a History of the United States already issued of a series ofeight volumes. The title of Volume I is “The Planting of a Nationin the New World, 1000 to 1660”; Volume II, “A Centuryof Colonial History, 1660 to 1760.” The titles to Volumes IIIand IV, not yet issued, are “The American Revolution, 1760–1789,”and “Federalists and Republicans, 1789–1812,” while the titles toVolumes V to VIII have not as yet been selected.

238“Dr. John McLoughlin, the Victor of Oregon,” an authoritativebiographical sketch, with abundant documents, by Frederick V.Holman.

“A Documentary Source-Book of American History,” by ProfessorWilliam MacDonald of Brown University, author of “SelectCharters,” “Select Documents,” and “Select Statutes,” etc. Thework is in one volume, and includes all the most important documentscontained in Professor MacDonald’s large works, but insome cases shortened by immaterial omissions.

GENERAL HISTORICAL ITEMS.

A very interesting document is the Report of the Committee on theDocumentary Historical Publications of the United States Government,appointed by President Roosevelt in February, 1908, asan assistant committee to the Committee on Department Methods.Hon. Lawrence O. Murray, now Comptroller of the Currency atWashington, D. C., and at that time in the Department of Commerceand Labor, is a member of this committee, and the Societyacknowledges with its thanks the receipt from him of a copy.

On February 11th, the President sent it to Congress with a message,and message and report have since been printed as SenateDocument No. 714 of the session concluded March 4th.

The report contains a review of the course hitherto pursued by thegovernment in the matter of historical publications; a general surveyof the publications hitherto made, and of the gaps still existingbetween or among them; a body of recommendations for fillingsuch gaps, especially by the inception of a series of National StatePapers; and finally a series of suggestions for the organization of apermanent Commission on National Historical Publications, with abill which, it is hoped, will be introduced in the sixty-first Congress.

The Fifth Annual Meeting of the Pacific Coast Branch of theAmerican Historical Association was held at the University of CaliforniaNovember 21st last. Papers were read by Professor E. D.Adams of Stanford University concerning the annexation of California,Mr. Don E. Smith and Professor J. N. Bowman of theUniversity of California, and by Mr. F. J. Taggart. The proceedingslasted the entire day, sessions being held in the morning andafternoon, followed by a banquet in the evening.

239The publications of the American Association for InternationalConciliation are being sent forward to the members of our Society,and are readable and interesting documents by learned authoritiesupon the subjects they present. At the suggestion of the Secretaryof the Association, the addresses of our members were sent him, andhe has written each that the publications of the Association will goforward to them if they so request it. All that it is necessary to doto receive them is to write the Secretary. His address is: “F. P.Keppel, Secretary, Sub-Station 84, New York City.”

Hon. Thomas W. Bicknell, Providence, R. I., President of theRhode Island Citizens’ Historical Association and an applicant formembership in our Society, has recently published in the Journal ofAmerican History an interesting article entitled “First White Ownersof Land in America.” Mr. Bicknell is also the author of“Sowans,” a work treating of the early history of Barrington andWarren in Rhode Island.

Among the contents of the last issue of the American HistoricalMagazine is “Heroes of the Battle of Point Pleasant,” by Delia A.McCulloch.

In the January issue of the Essex Institute Historical Collectionsis an article on “Captain John Manley of Marblehead, a Man ofIrish Descent,” by Robert E. Peabody.

RECOMMENDATIONS.

It has been the custom of the Society since its organization to haveone annual meeting and two or more field days each year. The annualmeeting in each instance has been called for the early evening,and the business affairs finished in a few minutes; then a shortreception would take place, followed by a dinner, on the completionof which some historical papers would be read and addresses of interestmade.

This proceeding is not calculated to sufficiently advance the interestsof the Society, or enable it to truly do the work for whichit is organized. Some historical associations have annual meetingsat which there is a morning and afternoon session, followed by adinner in the evening, while others have sessions lasting two or threedays. It is impossible to crowd into a single evening, part of240which has been taken up in partaking of a good dinner, any significantnumber of historical papers, much less to have a discussionon them.

Valuable addresses have been made that have not been printed inthe Journal, and all that is left of them in the minds of the membersis hardly more than pleasant recollections of the speakers. Allthe leading historical associations procure valuable papers frommembers, and, after they are read, discussion upon the subject-matteris thrown open, the good points gathered, and all reportedin print later for the use of the members.

This Society could profitably take a day and an evening for itsannual meeting. A morning session should be had, called to orderat ten o’clock. Two or three papers could be read and discussionhad upon each, followed by a recess from one to three p. m. Furtherpapers and discussion might then be entertained and the meetingadjourned, with all the business completely transacted, in timefor the dinner in the evening, at which short and interesting speeches,good music and general recreation after the day’s work would bein order.

These annual conventions should take place in different parts ofthe country, and those interested in our work will be sure to be onhand. In looking over some of our old records, it appears that requestshave been made by members for meetings to take place inRichmond, Va., Charleston, S. C., and Detroit, Mich. In neitherof these places has an annual meeting or a field day of the Societytaken place.

Members of the Society are earnestly requested to furnish the Secretary-Generalwith correct addresses. When a member removes orchanges his address, the Secretary-General should be notified immediately,otherwise the publications and communications of the Societymay be lost or fall into unauthorized hands.

The necessity for prompt payment of dues ought to be manifest toevery member. The Society has no income except from the $5 ayear contributed by the annual members. No officer or member receivesany salary, and the finances are carefully and economicallymanaged by the Executive Council. We have no expense forrental for the Society’s headquarters, and have no recent record ofany officer of the Society accepting even his traveling expenses inmatters connected with the Society. Nevertheless, the income issmall, and our expenditures for printing the annual volume, gatheringhistorical matter, postage, stationery and typewriting are largeand do not leave the Society at the end of the year with any substantialbalance in the Treasurer-General’s hands.

241Donations of money or bequests by will or otherwise are earnestlyand respectfully solicited, and any member who will take the troubleto read the constitution and note the purposes for which the Societyis incorporated can readily see the great and lasting service to ourpeople and American history in general that could be made, in additionto what the Society is now doing, to make better known theIrish Chapter in American History.

Some members well able to pay are in arrears from two to fouryears in their dues, notwithstanding the fact that several tactfulcirculars and repeated statements have been forwarded them bycommittees and officers of the Society. The attention of members iscalled to section 8 of the by-laws, which reads as follows:

“8. A member neglecting for two years to pay his annual fee shallbe notified of such omission by the Secretary-General. Still neglectingfor three months to pay the dues, such delinquent membershall be dropped as no longer belonging to the Society.”

Many of our members belong to other historical associations, and,by keeping in touch with their works, become of greater service tous. The American Historical Association, the headquarters ofwhich are at the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, D. C., andthe leading state historical associations are cordially recommendedto our members.

Members are earnestly requested to furnish the Secretary-Generalwith biographical sketches. It is necessary to have these for ourarchives, and we hope that no member will allow his feeling ofmodesty to interfere with keeping the records of the Society complete.These sketches will not be published in the Journal if amember shall so direct. Read over your biographical sketches inthe membership roll, and if they are not correct or should have additions,notify the Secretary-General.

Current items of interest relating to the doings of Americans of242Irish extraction are solicited from every member by the Secretary-General.If a good article is met with in a newspaper or magazine,it will be thankfully received and filed in the archives if you willsend it forward. It is by keeping abreast with the current historythat we fulfil one of our greatest duties.

Donations of historical works, ancient or modern, or, in fact,books of any description, are solicited for the Society’s library.Copies or originals of old deeds, wills, bills of sale of slaves, curiositiesin American or Confederate money, plate, postage stamps, oldprints, pictures and the like are also solicited. When received, theywill be carefully indexed and filed, with the name of the donor attached.Every member can readily find something of interest tosend, and the aggregation will form a nucleus for a good library andpossibly a museum.

Volumes I, II, IV, V and VI of the Journal of the Society areout of print. We have fifty copies of Volume III and ten copies ofVolume VII left. The Executive Council have ordered fifteen hundredcopies of Volume VIII, so that we may be sure every memberwill have a copy and the Society have some to spare.

These volumes out of print have become very rare, and some ofthem are held at high prices. If a sufficient demand appears frommembers who desire to have a complete set of the Society’s publications,the subject will be brought before the Executive Council foraction, with the possibility that some of the volumes may be orderedreprinted.

(Captain H. J. Reilly, Battery F, Fifth Artillery, “The Fighting Fifth,”U. S. A., killed on the walls of Pekin, in the relief of the legations, during theBoxer uprising.)

245The above is a true story, every word of it. The United States Governmentbrought Captain Reilly’s body home and buried it in the Arlington Cemetery,near Washington, and erected a splendid shaft to mark this brave soldier’smemory. Captain Reilly, as his name indicates, was of Irish stock.—J. J. R.

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS SANDERS, ONE OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE AMERICAN IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY, AND MEMBER OF THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. A WORTHY AND DISTINGUISHED ASSOCIATE.

On August 3d, 1908, there died at his home in Gainesville, Ga., one of the most remarkable men that it has been my good fortune to meet.

Descended on his father’s side from Rev. Moses Sanders, a Baptistpreacher who emigrated from England to this country in theyear 1765, and on his mother’s side from Thomas Smythe, a mandistinguished for his great learning and for the many sweet poemsthat came from his pen, an Irishman, who with a party of friends,left Dublin, Ireland, in 1798 and made his home in Charleston,S. C., Colonel Sanders combined in his nature, disposition and temperament,the very best characteristics of the English and Irish,whose descendant he was.

For twenty years I knew him intimately, and I have no hesitationin making the statement that he was one of the most remarkablemen of the generation in which he lived.

If I were asked in what respects he was remarkable, I would246answer, First in his broad patriotism and deep love of country. Althoughhe was little more than a boy when Georgia, in which statehis parents had settled, seceded and issued her call for her sons totake up arms in defense of principles which they knew to be right,young Sanders, who had received a splendid military training at theGeorgia Military Academy, was one of the first to respond to hiscountry’s call, and during all those years of carnage and bloodshed,he gave his best strength, mental and physical, to the cause of theConfederacy. For distinguished bravery and great ability in militarymatters, he was soon made Colonel of the 24th Regiment ofGeorgia Volunteers and in the battles of Williamsburg, Seven Pines,Cold Harbor, Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Harper’sFerry, The Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House and othergreat struggles, the Confederacy had no braver soldier or more efficientofficer than he. At Spottsylvania, he was severely woundedand his command suffered greatly; he was captured at Sailor’s Creek,May 6, ’65, and until July 25th, suffered the awful horrors of theFederal Prison at Johnston’s Island. During the war, he was offeredthe rank of Brigadier-General, but with that modesty whichcharacterized his whole life, he declined the honor.

While he loved the cause of the Confederacy with all the ardorof his great soul, when Lee surrendered at Appomatox, ColonelSanders ceased fighting and applied himself diligently to buildingup the waste places of his beloved country and to making a competencyfor himself and family, and the great success which attendedhis efforts in both instances is the second reason that I would assignfor calling him a remarkable man. In 1871, he married Miss FannieAmelia Scarborough, who until the day of his death, was a blessingand an inspiration to him. Together they came to Gainesville,a little mountain village, in 1871, immediately after their marriage,to build their home and fortune. By industry, economy and greatbusiness ability, Colonel Sanders succeeded in amassing a splendidestate, and at the same time was always first in his contributions toany public enterprise or private charity. No one will ever knowhow many cases of distress he relieved; for he obeyed the Scripturalinjunction and never allowed his left hand to know what his righthand was doing. The writer of this sketch, was often at the StateBank, of which Colonel Sanders was President for many years, andhas seen numbers of the old veterans, unfortunate men of all classes247and even the negroes of the city, ask for aid and never once werethey refused. On the day that he died, I heard numbers of men,with tears in their eyes, say, “I have lost the best friend that I everknew”; his funeral services were attended by every class of peoplein our city and country, and after his more intimate friends cameand with streaming eyes looked into the face of him who had befriendedthem for so long. Such a funeral has been accorded butfew men in our country. Colonel Sanders was also remarkable forhis literary and scientific attainments. Although he professed tobe only a business man, he was a great student of men and affairs;he was a great reader of history and the record of all nations, fromthe earliest period to the present day, was an open book to him;he had traveled extensively and the literature and civilization of Europeand Egypt and the Holy Land, were so fully and accuratelyimpressed upon him, that he could entertain his friends by hours inrecounting his experience as a traveler. But best of all, ColonelSanders was remarkable in his childlike devotion to and faith inJesus Christ, the Man of Galilee, in whose footsteps he had followedfor many years. He was one of the very few men of my acquaintancewho, though devoted to his business, always kept a Biblein the President’s office of the State Bank, and oftentimes have Icalled to see him only to find him immersed in the beauties of thegreat prophecies of Isaiah, or reading the Songs of David, the sweetsinger of Israel, or studying the life and character of Him whocame into the world to save men from their sins. For years, he wasa pillar in the Baptist Church of this city; he always taught a classin Sunday School and his presence there was always an inspirationto the Superintendent. During an intimate acquaintance for morethan twenty years, I do not think that I ever heard him speak anunkind word of any one and when the summons came, his house wasin order and he was ready to meet his Master and give an accountof the deeds done in the body. I was with him very often during hislast illness and his faith in the promises of Him whom he hadserved so long and so faithfully, was beautiful and sublime. Nota word of business care or anxiety was heard around the sick bedof Colonel Sanders; he seemed in constant communion with God,and though he had large financial interests, in these last days hemade no mention of them.

To the writer of this sketch, his death was a great personal loss;248when I began the work of building a school for girls in Gainesvillenearly twenty-five years ago, Colonel Sanders was my friend and supporter;during all the years of struggle and trial in the early daysof the school he gave me the benefit of his advice and counsel andnever refused any financial assistance when called upon to extend it.It was his confidence in a struggling young man that often nervedmy arm and heart to continue the work which I had undertaken.And when the end had come, and I looked upon that face, calm andsweet, having the appearance of one who had only fallen asleep, Ithought of the words of the great poet and said to myself:

PATRICK J. McTIGHE.

A worthy member of the American Irish Historical Society wasdeceased at Binghamton, N. Y., August 4, 1908.

Patrick J. McTighe was born in Kilrush, County Clare, Ireland,in 1840, and received his education in a university at Dublin. Hisparents arrived in this country about fifty-five years ago, settled inBinghamton and were among the few pioneer Irish Catholic residentsof that section. About forty-five years ago Mr. McTighe followedhis parents to Binghamton and secured a position as teacherin one of the public schools. After teaching about two years he enteredthe employ of the wholesale grocery firm of Jackson, Denton& Marks. This firm changed several times and many different partnerswere admitted and retired while Mr. McTighe was connectedwith the business.

Following are a few of the firm names which the original housepassed through before Mr. McTighe acquired the present business:Jackson & Marks, Marks & Bean, Bean & Company, McTighe,Truesdell & Davidge. Mr. McTighe was a silent partner in thefirm of Bean & Company, and was an active partner in the firmwhich he later bought out and reorganized under the present nameof the McTighe Grocery Company, with offices and warehouses atNo. 69 Fayette Street.

249Mr. McTighe had been prominent in political, religious and socialcircles in this city for many years. In addition to his membershipin the American Irish Historical Society, he was a member ofthe Catholic Club of New York, the Knights of Columbus, andmany other orders and societies. He was president of the localbranch of the old Land League during the season of its most effectivework; a former president of the Binghamton Board of Tradefor several years, and was a police commissioner of that city. Duringthe presidential election of 1892 Mr. McTighe served as a presidentialelector when Grover Cleveland was made president.

He had been a devout communicant and a member of the board oftrustees of St. Patrick’s Church since the time when this church wasthe only Roman Catholic edifice in Binghamton. Aside from beinga moving spirit in the church proper he took a lively interest inthe many branch societies of St. Patrick’s.

He is survived by his widow, whose maiden name was Miss MaryA. McDonald; two sisters, Mrs. Anne Wall and Mrs. Mary Murphy;a nephew and a niece, John and Florence McDonald, whom hebrought up from childhood as his own children; two nephews, Patrickand John McTighe; and two nieces, Frances McTighe andElizabeth Wall.

Mr. McTighe always kept green his memories of the “Ould Sod,”and was in touch with all movements to better the condition of theIrish people. His recent efforts to aid the Kerry fishermen wereespecially praiseworthy.

Mr. McTighe was the leader in the movement to raise the fundraised in Binghamton to aid the Quilty fishermen, who rescuedthe sailors of the Leo XIII last autumn. The editor of TheBinghamton Press was made treasurer of the fund, in recognitionof the sermonette editorial, based upon the thrilling story of thewreck, while Mr. McTighe took active charge of raising the moneyand sending it to Ireland.

In business Mr. McTighe was a hard worker and a keen, methodicalbusiness man. He had the reputation everywhere of having avery high regard for his word. In his long life and connectionwith the grocery business he was associated with many of the pioneers250of Binghamton business life and many of the old aristocrats ofthe business circle.

He was a well educated and well read man, being a scholar inLatin, Spanish, Celtic and French. He was always improving hismind, and, it is said, started in to learn Greek when past the age ofsixty, finally mastering it so that he read it with pleasure.

The decease of this estimable man has left vacant a place hard tofill, and the entire city of Binghamton was filled with sorrow at hissudden death.

Adams, Hon. Samuel, President and Treasurer of the O’Neill-Adams Company,Twentieth to Twenty-second Street, Sixth Avenue, New York City;director, Garfield National Bank; member of the New York Chamber ofCommerce; trustee, Excelsior Savings Bank; an ex-State senator ofColorado.

Adams, T. Albeus, President, Manhattan Refrigerating Company, 525 WestStreet, New York City; President, Adams & Company, New York; PresidentUnion Terminal Cold Storage Company, Jersey City, N. J.

Aspell, John, M. D., 139 West Seventy-seventh Street, New York City; amember of the Academy of Medicine; of the County Medical Association,and of the Celtic Medical Society; recently President of the latter; visitingsurgeon to St. Vincent’s Hospital.

Bannin, Michael E., of Converse, Stanton & Company, dry goods commissionmerchants, 83 and 85 Worth Street, New York City; member of the MerchantsAssociation, New York; director, Emigrant Industrial SavingsBank; member of the Merchants and Catholic clubs, New York, of theMontauk Club, Brooklyn, and of the Brooklyn Arts and Science Institute;director, the Columbian National Life Insurance Company; director,American Investment Securities Company; director Citizen Trust Company,Brooklyn.

Bannon, Henry G., 107 East Fifty-fifth Street, New York City; President ofthe Irish National Club; Secretary, Celtic-American Publishing Company.

Barrett, Michael F., of Barrett Bros., wholesale and retail dealers in teasand coffees, 308 Spring Street and 574 Hudson Street, New York City.

Barry, Hon. Patrick T., Vice-President-General and life member of the Society,87–97 South Jefferson Street, Chicago, Ill.; advertising manager,Chicago Newspaper Union; director, First National Bank of Englewood,Ill.; director, The Chicago Citizen Company; has been a member of theState Legislature of Illinois; prominently identified with educational interests.

Barry, Thomas H., Major-General in the United States Army, HeadquartersArmy of Cuban Pacification, Marianao, Havana, Cuba.

253Barry, William F., 249 Magnolia Avenue, Elizabeth, N. J., superintendent ofthe Money Order Department of the Elizabeth postoffice.

Barry, William J., attorney at law, Barristers’ Hall, Boston, Mass.

Baxter, Rev. James J., D. D., 9 Whitmore Street, Boston, Mass.

Bayne, William, 53 Third Avenue, New York City, for the past twenty-sixyears leader of the famous Sixty-Ninth Regiment Band of New York City.Professor Bayne has the best collection of Irish music of any band masterin the United States.

Blake, Michael, of John Leonard & Company, iron and steel, 149 Broadway,New York City.

Bodfish, Rev. Joshua P. L., 60 Robinwood Avenue, Jamaica Plain, Mass.;formerly chancellor of the Roman Catholic archdiocese of Boston; a directorof the Bunker Hill Monument Association.

Bourlet, John W., of the Rumford Printing Company, Concord, N. H., printersto the Society.

Boyle, John J., 251 West Fifty-first Street, New York City, a talented sculptor.

Boyle, Hon. Patrick J., Newport, R. I.; has been mayor of that city eleventerms, and is mayor at present.

Brady, Rev. Cyrus Townsend, LL. D., rector of St. George’s Church; residence,Haddon Hall, Kansas City, Mo.; member of the Society of ColonialWars, of the Sons of the Revolution, of the Military Order of ForeignWars, and of other patriotic organizations; chaplain of the First PennsylvaniaVolunteer Infantry, war with Spain; formerly Protestant Episcopalarchdeacon of Pennsylvania; author of “For Love of Country,” “Forthe Freedom of the Sea,” “Stephen Decatur,” “Commodore Paul Jones,”“Border Fights and Fighters,” “The True Andrew Jackson,” and otherworks. Member of the Executive Council of the Society.

Brady, Daniel M., President Brady Brass Company of Jersey City, N. J., 95Liberty Street, New York City, was born in New York in 1854. Hisparents were American born, while his grandparents on both sides werenatives of Ireland.

Brady, James B., 170 Broadway, New York City.

Brady, Owen J., with The H. B. Claflin Company, 224 Church Street, NewYork City.

Branagan, William I., Emmetsburg, Ia., editor of the Emmetsburg Democratand director of the Emmetsburg National Bank.

Brandon, Edward J., attorney at law, city clerk, Cambridge, Mass.

Brann, Rev. Henry A., D. D., LL. D., 141 East Forty-third Street, NewYork City (Life member of the Society).

Breen, Henry J., attorney at law, 243 West Ninety-ninth Street, New YorkCity.

Breen, Hon. Matthew P., a city magistrate, 243 West Ninety-ninth Street,New York City.

Brennan, Hon. James F., attorney at law, Peterborough, N. H.; a trustee ofthe New Hampshire State Library. Historiographer of the Society andVice-President for New Hampshire.

254Brennan, James F., contractor, 203 Maple Street, New Haven, Conn.

Brennan, P. J., 788 West End Avenue, New York City.

Brett, Frank P., town clerk and attorney, Waterbury, Conn.; member ofthe Connecticut Legislature. He is town clerk of Waterbury, in whichcity he was born December 13, 1869. He was educated in the publicschools, graduating from the high school in 1888 and from the Yale LawSchool in 1892. He was a member of the Town Board of School Visitorsfrom 1892 to 1897; was elected to the Legislature in 1899; was town clerkfrom 1900 to 1904 and from 1906 to the present time. Mr. Brett is ason of Patrick Brett, formerly Secretary of the Waterbury Buckle Company.Mrs. Brett before marriage was Miss Elizabeth Slater, and taughtin the first Catholic school in Waterbury, being one of the five Slatersisters, all of whom taught there. She also taught in Worcester, Mass.,and in Newark, N. J., with Father McQuade, the present bishop ofRochester, N. Y. Address, 3 East Main Street.

Brierly, Frank, 268 West One Hundred Thirty-first Street, New York City.

Britt, Philip J., attorney at law, 27 William Street, New York City.

Broderick, William J., 52 Morton Street, New York City.

Brosnahan, Rev. Timothy, rector of St. Mary’s Church, Waltham, Mass.

Brosnan, Rev. John, Cornwall-on-Hudson, N. Y.

Bryan, Hon. J. P. Kennedy, attorney at law, 11 Broad Street, Charleston,S. C.

Buckley, John J., attorney at law, 99 Nassau Street, New York City.

Burke, John, 60 West Fifty-first Street, New York City.

Burke, Robert E., attorney at law, recently city solicitor, Newburyport, Mass.

Burr, William P., office of the Corporation Counsel, New York City.

Butler, Francis X., attorney at law, member of the law firm of Knabe &Butler, 280 Broadway, New York City.

Butler, M. J., real estate and insurance, Morris Avenue, corner of One HundredForty-fourth Street, New York City.

Butler, T. Vincent, 120 Central Park South, New York City; with R. G.Dun & Company.

Buttimer, Thomas H., attorney at law, Hingham and Boston, Mass.

Byrne, Dr. C. E. of the C. E. Byrne Piano Company, 229 East Forty-firstStreet, New York City.

Byrne, Joseph M., insurance, 800 Broad Street, Newark, N. J.

Byrne, Thomas F., 105 East Seventy-eighth Street, New York City.

Byrne, Rt. Rev. Mgr. William, D. D., V. G., rector of St. Cecelia’s Church,St. Cecelia Street, Boston, Mass.

Byrne, William Michael, attorney at law, 220 Broadway, New York City.

Byrns, William Francis, M. D., 1509 U Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Cahill, John H., attorney at law, 15 Dey Street, New York City; prominentlyidentified with telephone interests; Vice-President, Secretary, attorneyand director of the New York Telephone Company; director of theEmpire City Subway Company; also a director of the American DistrictTelephone Company; the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company;the Holmes Protective Company; the New England Telephone and Telegraph255Company; the Delaware Telegraph and Telephone Company; NorthwesternTelephone and Telegraph Company, and the Southwestern Telephoneand Telegraph Company.

Calnin, James, 101–107 Lakeview Avenue, Lowell, Mass.

Cannon, Thomas H., of the law firm Cannon & Poage, Stock ExchangeBuilding, Chicago, Ill.

Carey, Peter J., 536 West Twenty-third Street, New York City.

Carmody, T. F., attorney at law, Burpee & Carmody, Waterbury, Conn.

Carney, Michael, of M. Carney & Company, Lawrence, Mass.

Carroll, Edward, Cashier of Leavenworth National Bank, Leavenworth,Kansas.

Carroll, Edward R., 333 East Fifty-first Street, New York City; clerk’s office,Court of General Sessions of the Peace, City and County of NewYork.

Carroll, John L., Secretary, American Oil & Supply Company, 23 DivisionPlace, Newark, N. J.

Carroll, Thomas F., M. D., 219 Central Street, Lowell, Mass.

Carter, Patrick, real estate, mortgages and insurance, 32 Westminster Street,Providence, R. I. Member of the Executive Council of the Society.

Carter, Hon. Thomas H., United States Senator from Montana, Washington,D. C.

Carty, John J., Short Hills, N. J.

Casey, Michael, of Casey & Bacon, wholesale grocers, Pittsfield, Mass.

Cassidy, John J., 509 West Street, Wilmington, Del. Vice-President of theSociety for Delaware.

Cassidy, Gen. Patrick, M. D., Norwich, Conn.; was surgeon-general on thestaff of Gov. Luzon B. Morris of Connecticut, ranking as brigadier-general.

Cavanaugh, F. J., 31 Union Square, New York City; merchant.

Chittick, Rev. James J., 5 Oak Street, Hyde Park, Mass.

Clancy, Laurence, dry goods merchant, West Bridge Street, Oswego, N. Y.;President of L. Clancy, Sons & Company; trustee Oswego County SavingsBank; director, electric street railway; member, Normal school board;has repeatedly declined a nomination for mayor of Oswego.

Clare, William F., attorney at law, 71 Nassau Street, New York City.

Clarke, James, of James Clarke & Company, booksellers and publishers, 29West Thirty-second Street, New York City.

Clarke, Joseph I. C., with Standard Oil Company, 26 Broadway, New YorkCity; is Vice-President of the Society for New York.

Clary, Charles H., Hallowell, Me.; a descendant of John Clary, “of Newcastle,Province of New Hampshire,” who married Jane Mahoney ofGeorgetown, Me., 1750. Four children were born to them before 1760;was one of the founders of the Clary Reunion Family which meets annually.

co*ckran, Hon. W. Bourke, 31 Nassau Street, New York City; ex-member ofCongress. (Life member of the Society.)

Coffey, Rev. Michael J., East Cambridge, Mass.

256Coghlan, Rev. Gerald P., 2141 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Cohalan, Daniel F., attorney at law, 2 Rector Street, New York City.

Coleman, Capt. John, capitalist, 1100 Fourth Avenue, Louisville, Ky.

Collier, Peter Fenelon, publisher, 416 West Thirteenth Street, New YorkCity.

Collins, James M., 6 Sexton Avenue, Concord, N. H.

Collins, Hon. John S., Gilsum, N. H.; manufacturer of woolens; an ex-Statesenator of New Hampshire.

Collins, Brig.-Gen. D. F., 637 Pearl Street, Elizabeth, N. J.

Colton, Rt. Rev. Charles Henry, D. D., Roman Catholic Bishop of Buffalo,1025 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.

Colton, Frank S., 227 Riverside Drive, New York City.

Conaty, Bernard, 30 Cypress Street, Providence, R. I.

Conaty, Rev. B. S., 340 Cambridge Street, Worcester, Mass.

Conaty, Rt. Rev. Thomas J., D. D., Los Angeles, Cal., Bishop of theRoman Catholic diocese of Monterey and Los Angeles.

Condon, E. O’Meagher, Nashville, Tenn.

Coney, Patrick H., attorney at law, 316 Kansas Avenue, Topeka, Kan. Heentered the Union army in 1863, at the age of 15 years, enlisting in theOne Hundred and Eleventh New York Infantry. He was detailed as dispatchbearer on General McDougall’s staff, promoted as an orderly dispatchbearer on Gen. Nelson A. Miles’ staff, served in this capacityto Appomatox and Lee’s surrender, and was transferred June 5, 1865, toCompany H, Fourth New York Heavy Artillery. He served until October5, 1865, when he was honorably discharged at Hart’s Island, N. Y.He was wounded at the battle of Peach Orchard in front of Petersburg,Va., on June 16, 1864, and rejoined his command from the hospital aftersixty days’ convalescence. In addition to his law practice, he is Presidentand manager of the National Investment and Development Company,which is engaged in the promotion and development of 11,000 acres ofmineral, gas and oil lands in Benton County, Mo.; is Vice-President of theSociety for Kansas.

Conlon, William L., Portsmouth, N. H.

Connell, John H., 1949 Seventh Avenue, New York City.

Connelly, L. J., Lieutenant U. S. Navy, Navy Yard, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Connery, William P., Wheeler and Pleasant Streets, Lynn, Mass.; recentlycandidate for mayor of Lynn.

Connick, Andrew J., 244 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Connolly, Capt. James, real estate, Coronado, Cal. He was born in CountyCavan, Ireland, 1842; came to this country when he was but ten years ofa*ge, and spent much of his youth at East Dennis, Cape Cod, Mass. Hisearly love for the sea was gratified later in life when he became captainof some of the finest deep-water ships sailing from Baltimore, Boston andelsewhere. His first command was the bark May Queen, a regular Baltimoreand Rio packet, 1872. He then had command of the ship Pilgrimof Boston, and made several voyages to the East Indies. In 1884 he wasgiven command of the Charger, a larger and finer ship than the Pilgrim,257and sailed to ports in Japan. He next had command of the South American,“the commodore’s ship,” of the Hastings fleet (Boston), and tookher to Australia and other parts. He made several record voyages duringhis career, and some of these records still stand, having never beenequalled. On one occasion he was wrecked off the coast of Africa; heand his wife upon being rescued were hospitably entertained by the Boersof the adjacent country. Returning to East Dennis, Mass., his wife’shealth became poor and so he removed with her to Coronado, Cal., hopingthat the change of climate would benefit her, but she died in 1901. Shehad accompanied her husband on several of his voyages, and had withhim visited many parts of the world. Captain Connolly has written muchand entertainingly. He has at present in manuscript form a novel ofocean life entitled “The Magic of the Sea”; is Vice-President of the Societyfor California.

Connolly, Rev. Arthur T., Center and Creighton Streets, Roxbury, Mass.

Connor, Michael, 509 Beech Street, Manchester, N. H.

Conway, James L., 113 Worth Street, New York City.

Conway, James P., 296 East Third Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.; attorney at lawand assistant chief examiner, Municipal Civil Service, New York City.

Conway, Patrick J., 159 East Sixtieth Street, New York City. President ofIrish American Athletic Association and greatly interested in internationalathletics.

Cooke, Rev. Michael J., Fall River, Mass. (Life member of the Society.)

Cooney, Brig.-Gen. Michael, U. S. A., retired, 500 T Street, N. W.,Washington, D. C.; born in Ireland; private, corporal and sergeant,Company A, First United States Cavalry, December 4, 1856, to December4, 1861; quartermaster-sergeant, Sixth Cavalry, December, 1864; firstlieutenant, Ninth Cavalry, July 28, 1866; captain, January 1, 1868; major,Fourth Cavalry, December 10, 1888; lieutenant-colonel, Seventh Cavalry,June 2, 1897; colonel, Fourth Cavalry, June 9, 1899; brigadier-general,retired, April 23, 1904.

Cooney, Terrence, Jr., Pittsfield, Mass.

Corbett, Michel J., Wilmington, N. C., born in Lismore, County of Waterford,Ireland, August 4, 1856, the son of John Corbett, a small farmerand contractor; was educated in the national schools and remained inIreland until his eighteenth year, arriving in Wilmington, N. C., March28, 1878, where he has since resided. He entered the commission business,and in due course became a partner in the firm of W. I. Gore & Company;later, on the withdrawal of Mr. Gore, the commission business,which had largely increased, was incorporated under the name andstyle of The Corbett Company, under which the business is now conducted.Mr. Corbett is one of the most potent factors in the industriallife of Wilmington, and, in addition to the successful conductof his regular business, has been largely instrumental in the promotion,organization and management of many important and flourishing enterprisesin Wilmington; is Vice-President and one of the original directorsof the People’s Savings Bank; one of the original directors of the258Murchison National Bank; President of the Wilmington, Southport & LittleRiver Company; member of the firm of Stone & Company, and one ofthe Board of Managers of the James Walker Memorial Hospital; is amember of the Cape Fear Club, Carolina Yacht Club and Cape Fear GolfClub. In 1884 Mr. Corbett was married to Miss Mary Josephine Deans,and to her inspiration and counsel attributes in a large measure the creditfor his success in life. The union has been signally blessed, ten childrenhaving been born to them, nine of whom are still living. Is Vice-Presidentof the Society for North Carolina.

Cosgrove, Hon. James, was born at Charleston, S. C., Aug. 28, 1861. Hisfather, a native of Bally Connell, County Cavan, Ireland, settled inCharleston in February, 1839; became a prosperous merchant; was oneof the aldermen of the city for two terms and one of the Representativesfrom Charleston County in the General Assembly of South Carolina in1874–’75. His mother was Catherine Daily. The family have beenCharlestonians for over seventy years and during this period father andson have been closely identified with the commercial and political lifeof the community. Mr. Cosgrove attended first a private school, then theparochial school attached to St. Finbar’s Cathedral and later the highschool of Charleston, where he was graduated at the age of sixteen years.He then went into his father’s office and later established himself in thereal estate and general insurance business, which he still successfullyconducts. About twenty years ago he became interested in the experimentsconducted by Sir Patrick Manson, an Irishman, Leveran, a Frenchman,and the Italians Celli, Golgi and Bignam, concerning the inoculationof the human body with the virus of malaria fever by the bite of a speciesof the mosquito known as the “Anopheles.” He followed the investigationsclosely and as a result of what was proven commenced agitation for thedrainage of wet and low lands of the United States, to remove breedingplaces of this species of insect. At that time there was a “death line”around the coastal section of the Southern States and many other sectionsof the United States, within which line it was thought to be dangerous tolive in the summer for fear of malarial fever. At first his efforts metwith poor success, and in 1898 he determined to become a candidate forthe State Legislature to have enacted legislation necessary for the properand systematic drainage of the wet lands of South Carolina. He wasre-elected in 1900, but such was the opposition to the new movementthat not until 1902 did he succeed in having created for Charleston County“The Sanitary and Drainage Commission.” Indeed, it required a man ofthe most untiring industry and indomitable will to have successfully carriedhis purpose during these four years of antagonism. The work ofsanitary drainage in Charleston County was commenced under the directionof this commission, but it was soon found that it absolutely requiredsome one to take the direction of the work who would be willing to sacrificehis self-interest for the good of the public. The commissioners,comprising some of the best citizens of the city, with one accord turnedto Mr. Cosgrove and requested him to take entire direction. He did so,259and has since remained in charge. The result is that thousands of acresof fertile lands have been made habitable, affording dwelling places,and manufacturing enterprises have been inaugurated, affording employmentto thousands on land, which a few years ago was worthless. In1902 Mr. Cosgrove was defeated for re-election by a small majority, owingto opposition to the idea of drainage. He determined to retire frompolitics, but in 1906, answering the call of his people as voiced in leadingeditorials in the press of Charleston, he consented to again become a candidateand was elected by a flattering vote and re-elected by a still largervote in 1908. He is chairman of the Charleston Delegation in the Houseof Representatives and chairman of the Committee on Banking and Insurance.Mr. Cosgrove’s efforts in behalf of the drainage of the lowlands of the United States have been recognized by his appointment asmember of the Executive Committee of the National Drainage Congressand Honorary Vice-President of the Seventeenth National Irrigation Congress.As a corollary of his drainage work, Mr. Cosgrove has been givingmuch attention to the subject of good roads, and has now on thecalendar of the Legislature a measure providing for state aid to thebuilding of good roads. In 1885 Mr. Cosgrove was married to MissMathilde Griffith Forsythe, daughter of a prominent and wealthy drygoods merchant of Charleston.

Coughlin, John, 177 Water Street, Augusta, Me.

Cox, Hugh M., M. D., 285 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York City.

Cox, Michael Francis, M. D., F. R. C. P. I., M. R. I. A., 26 Merrion Square,Dublin, Ireland. Member of Senate of Royal and of National Universityof Ireland; Vice-President of National Literary Society; member Societyfor Preservation of the Irish Language, Dante Society and Council RoyalSociety of Antiquaries of Ireland; Vice-President of the American IrishHistorical Society for Ireland.

Cox, Michael H., 28 Windemere Road, Dorchester, Mass.

Cox, William T., 12 South Second Street, Elizabeth, N. J., owner of Cox’sTowing Line; for some years chairman of the fire commissioners ofElizabeth; ex-chief of the Elizabeth Volunteer Fire Department.

Coyle, Rev. James, Taunton, Mass.

Coyle, Rev. John D., 79 Davenport Avenue, New Haven, Conn.

Creagh, Rev. John T., J. U. L., S. T. L., J. C. D., Catholic University,Washington, D. C.; associate professor of canon law.

Creamer, Walter H., 4 Prescott Place, Lynn, Mass. His great-grandfather,Edward Creamer, was born in Kinsale, Ireland, 1756, was graduatedfrom Trinity College, Dublin, and in 1784 settled in Salem, Mass. Hewas a physician there. This Edward had a son, George, who marriedHannah Gardner whose mother was Mary Sullivan, a sister of Gen. JohnSullivan of the Revolution and of Gov. James Sullivan of Massachusetts.Walter H. Creamer, here mentioned, is a grandson of the said Georgeand Hannah (Gardner) Creamer.

Crimmins, Cyril, of the Crimmins Realty Company, 624 Madison Avenue,New York City. (Life member of the Society.)

260Crimmins, Hon. John D., 40 East Sixty-eighth Street, New York City (memberof the Executive Council and life member of the Society); President-Generalin 1901, 1902 and 1905. Served as a park commissioner of NewYork City from 1883 to 1888, during which time he was Treasurer andPresident of the board. He was a member of the Board of Visitors toWest Point in 1894, and presidential elector (Democratic) in 1892 and1904. Was appointed by Governor Roosevelt and served as a memberof the Greater New York Charter Revision Commission. In 1894, he wasa member of the New York State Constitutional Convention. Is a memberof the New York Chamber of Commerce and officially connectedwith many railway, realty and banking corporations. Among theoffices to which he has been chosen may be mentioned: President ofthe Essex and Hudson Land Improvement Company; honorary Vice-Presidentof the Trust Company of America, New York; Vice-Presidentof the Title Insurance Company of New York; Vice-President of the NewYork Mortgage and Security Company; director of the Fifth Avenue Bankof New York, and also a director in the following companies: TheCentury Realty Company and the Chelsea Realty Company. He is prominentlyidentified with the charities of the Roman Catholic Church, as wellas with non-sectarian charities. He is a member of the board of managersof the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals; member of theexecutive committee of the New York State Branch of the American NationalRed Cross Society; member of the board of directors of the Pennsylvania,New York and Long Island Railroad Company; member of theboard of directors of the Metropolitan Bank; member of the board ofmanagers of St. Vincent’s Hospital; member of the board of trustees ofSt. John’s Guild, and also of the Provident Loan Society of New York.Mr. Crimmins is also a director of the City and Suburban Homes Companyof New York, which has for its object to provide model homes atreasonable cost for working people. He is a member of the following clubs:Catholic, Metropolitan, Lawyers, Democratic, Manhattan, and of the WeeBurn Golf Club, of which he was formerly President. He is likewise amember of the board of managers of the Sevilla Home for Children, anon-sectarian charity, and is also one of the managers of the Society forthe Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents.

Crimmins, Capt. Martin L., U. S. A., care of War Department, Washington,D. C.

Cronin, Capt. William, Rutland, Vt.

Croston, J. F., M. D., 83 Emerson Street, Haverhill, Mass.

Cummings, Matthew J., overseer of the poor, 616 Eddy Street, Providence,R. I.

Cummins, Rev. John F., Roslindale, Mass.

Cunniff, Michael M., 1032 Beacon Street, Brookline, Mass., capitalist.

Cunningham, Hon. James, 277 Congress Street, Portland, Me., is a memberof the Executive Council of the State of Maine, one of seven whose dutyit is to advise the governor in all appointments and State affairs; wasborn in Manor Hamilton, County Leitrim, Ireland, May 8th, 1839, of261Irish parents, and arrived in Portland, Me., October 23, 1863, and workedas a journeyman mason for five years; he was the first Irishman allowedto lay bricks in Portland, and as soon as possible became an Americancitizen and cast his first vote for himself for the office of city councilman,being the first foreigner to serve in the Portland city council. His membershiplasted eight years, the longest period of continuous serviceto that time of any citizen, either native or naturalized. Has been prominentin Catholic work, and is a warm friend and associate of BishopBacon, Bishop Healy, Archbishop O’Connell of Boston, and the presentBishop Walsh, and was the first Catholic to hold office since Maine becamea state. He started several branches of the Ancient Order of Hiberniansin Pennsylvania, and stood by the organization in differentparts of the country during its darkest days, and has always been interestedin the Irish Land League. Has been very successful in all thebusiness affairs he has ever undertaken, and six years ago built the LafayetteHotel, the finest hostelry in Maine, which he still continues to ownand manage. Is the Vice-President of the Society for Maine.

Curley, Michael H., merchant, 115 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. (Life memberof the Society.)

Curran, Philip A., of the Curran Dry Goods Company, Waterbury, Conn.

Curry, Edmond J., 69–71 East Eighty-ninth Street, New York City.

Curtin, Daniel I., 332 East Twenty-fifth Street, New York City, was bornin that city May 21, 1880, son of John J. Curtin (born in Tallow County,Waterford, Ireland, in 1849; seaman United States Navy 1861–65),and nephew of Daniel Curtin, who constituted part of the bodyguard ofGeneral Nathaniel P. Banks and was killed at the Battle of Antietam.Was educated in the New York public schools, from which he graduatedin 1895; studied for five years in the Scientific Department of CooperUnion, New York; has been engaged for the past nine years (1900–09)in civil engineering pursuits as assistant to the chief engineer StandardGas Light Company of New York (1900–02), assistant to the chief engineerJersey Central Railroad on re-survey of line (1902–04) and (1904–09)assistant to chief engineer, Department of Water Supply, Borough ofBrooklyn.

Daly, Edward Hamilton, attorney at law, 54 Wall Street, New York City.

Daly, John J., 833 Longwood Avenue, Bronx, New York City; foreman,U. S. Immigration buildings, Ellis Island.

Daly, Hon. Joseph F., LL. D., 54 Wall Street, New York City; chief justiceof the Court of Common Pleas, New York, 1890–’96; justice of theNew York Supreme Court, 1896–’98; member of the Board of Managers,Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum; member of the Advisory Board,St. Vincent’s Hospital; served in 1900 on the commission to revise thelaws of Porto Rico.

Danaher, Hon. Franklin M., Bensen Building, Albany, N. Y.; member ofthe State Board of Law Examiners; many years judge of the City Courtof Albany.

262Danvers, Robert E., 428 West Fifty-Eighth Street (the St. Albans), NewYork City; dealer in iron and steel.

Davies, William Gilbert, 32 Nassau Street, New York City, son of HenryE. Davies and Rebecca Tappan Davies, was born in New York City,March 21, 1842. He received a collegiate education at Trinity College,Hartford, Conn., from which he graduated in 1860. He also studied atthe University of Leipsic, Germany. Mr. Davies read law with Slosson,Hutchins and Platt, and was admitted to the bar in May, 1863, and atonce entered earnestly upon the pursuit of the profession his father had sogreatly adorned. During the Civil War, then raging, he served in theTwenty-second Regiment, New York Militia, during the Gettysburg campaign.Mr. Davies’ first partnership in practice was formed with HenryH. Anderson, but on August 1, 1866, the partnership was dissolved, andMr. Davies entered the service of the Mutual Life Insurance Company ofNew York. The law department of that corporation was fully organizedin September, 1870, with Mr. Pruyn as solicitor and Mr. Davies as his assistant.He remained in that position until May 20, 1885, at which timehe became the head of the department. During the succeeding quarter of acentury Mr. Davies, as counsel for one of the leading insurance companies,was largely instrumental in establishing rules of law on insurance mattersas they exist today. He resigned in December, 1893, in order to resumethe active practice of his profession. He was one of the commissionerson the widening of Elm Street, New York, and extending thestreet from Great Jones Street to the City Hall. Mr. Davies joined theAmerican Irish Historical Society in 1898 and is a member of the NewYork Historical Society, the New York Biographical and GenealogicalSociety, the Medicolegal Society, the New England Society, the Societyof the Sons of the Revolution, the New England Historical GenealogicalSociety, the Virginia Historical Society, the Phi Beta Kappa AlumniAssociation, the Liederkranz Society, the Society of Colonial Wars, theCentury Association, and the Union University Lawyers, Manhattan,Tuxedo, Grolier, Democratic and St. Nicholas Clubs. He belongs alsoto the American, New York State, and New York City Bar Associations,and the Law Institute. He was married in 1870 to Miss Lucie Rice,daughter of Hon. Alexander H. Rice, who was three terms governor ofMassachusetts. He resides at 22 East Forty-fifth Street. Mr. Davies isa writer of great fame and among many others is the author of Papersand Addresses (published by Robert Grier Cooke of New York), on veryinteresting subjects.

Day, Joseph P., real estate, 31 Nassau Street, and 932 Eighth Avenue, NewYork City.

Deeves, Richard, of Richard Deeves & Son, builders, 305–309 Broadway,New York City. (Life member of the Society.)

Delaney, J. C., Chief Inspector, Department of Factory Inspection, Harrisburg,Pa.

Delaney, William J., Saratoga Springs, N. Y.

Delany, Capt. William H., 254 West Fourteenth Street, New York City, was263born April 19th, 1849, in the old Ninth Ward. His father, Captain JohnDelany, also born in New York City, was a shipmaster 30 years in theold Black Ball Line, carrying passengers between New York and Liverpooland in his earlier days was in the China and East Indies trade. Hismother was Catherine Shelley, born in Belfast, Ireland. The paternalgrandparents were born in Dublin and the maternal grandparents in Belfast.All followed the sea. Captain Delany had ten uncles who wereshipmasters.

Delehanty, Hon. F. B., Judges’ Chambers, Court House, City Hall Park,New York; a judge of the City Court.

Dempsey, George C., Lowell, Mass.

Dempsey, William P., Treasurer and manager, the Dempsey Bleachery andDye Works, Pawtucket, R. I.

Dennen, Rev. C., Pastor of Catholic Church, Wilmington, N. C.

DeRoo, Rev. Peter, St. Joseph’s Church, 1127 Corbett Street, Portland, Ore.;author of the “History of America Before Columbus,” a most interestingand valuable work.

Devine, John T., proprietor, The Shoreham, Washington, D. C.

Devlin, James H., 35 Parsons Street, Brighton, Boston, Mass.

Devlin, James H., Jr., Barristers’ Hall, Boston, Mass., attorney at law, wasborn in that part of Boston known as Dorchester, July 21, 1877, and receivedhis early education in the public schools of Milton and Dedham;was graduated from Boston College in 1897, with the degree of A. B., andin 1900 from the Harvard University School of Law, with the degreeof LL. B. Is President of the Charitable Irish Society of Boston, and amember of the Boston City Club. He is unmarried.

Dixon, Richard, insurance, 52–54 William Street, New York City.

Dixon, Samuel Gibson, M. D., LL. D., Bryn Mawr, Pa., was born of Quakerparentage in the city of Philadelphia in the family homestead below Bartram’sBotanical Gardens, March 23, 1851. His early education was receivedat the Friends’ Schools in that city and was supplemented byprivate tutors, by whom he was prepared for Harvard College. Hishealth failing, however, he went abroad for recreation and study. Returninghome he set himself to acquire a thorough knowledge of business principles,taking a course at the Mercantile College. On the conclusion ofthis he studied conveyancing under the late Edward Bedlock of Philadelphia.He then studied law in the office of his brother, Edwin SaundersDixon, Esq., attended the law course of the University of Pennsylvania,and was admitted to practice at the bar of Philadelphia June 30, 1877,continuing in the active practice of that profession for ten years. Thepractice of law left him with trusteeships of importance which have necessarilykept him well to the front in affairs. Under the stress of desk andoffice work his health again failed, and his tastes inclining him to makea hobby of scientific medicine he matriculated in the Medical Departmentof the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, from which hewas graduated with honor in 1886. While still an undergraduate, however,he received the unusual compliment of an appointment by the trustees264to the position of Assistant Demonstrator of Physiology. During hislast year in the medical school he suffered from a serious attack of typhoidfever, which made a foreign trip again desirable in the opinion of hisphysicians. Being greatly interested in the infant science of bacteriology,as soon as his strength permitted, he entered the Bacteriological Departmentof King’s College, London, from which he was graduated. He alsotook a course in the College of State Medicine, London, under ProfessorKlein, and it was while prosecuting observations under that master inbacteriology that he made the discovery of branched forms of tuberclebacilli hitherto unnoticed. He also studied under Pottenkofer, inMunich, and made a careful study of the methods of filtration of waterand disposition of sewage then in vogue in the capitals of Great Britainand Europe. Returning to Philadelphia in 1888, his alma mater recognizedthe value of his attainments by appointing him the first Professorof Hygiene in the newly created chair in the Medical Department, andalso Dean of the Auxiliary Department of Medicine. While in this positionhe embraced the opportunity to establish the first Laboratory ofHygiene in the University. Two years later he resigned these positionsto accept the appointment of Professor of Bacteriology and MicroscopicalTechnology at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, of whichinstitution he became Executive Curator in 1892 and President in 1896.During this period his mind reverted constantly to the problem of thebranched tubercle bacillus and the possibility which he had conceived ofobtaining immunity to that disease by the introduction into the humaneconomy of attenuated bacilli or of fluid extracts from the same, andhe prosecuted original researches on this subject untiringly. On October19, 1889, he published in the Medical News of Philadelphia the resultswhich he had then reached in producing immunity to that diseasein the lower animals, and has constantly kept the profession informed ofhis investigations by means of addresses and contributions to medicaland scientific journals. The two theses or propositions on which he basedthis theory of possible immunity to the tubercle bacillus are as follows:“First. It is possible that by a thorough filtering out of bacilli fromtubercular material a filtrate might be obtained and attenuated so thatby systematic inoculations a change might be produced in living animaltissues that would enable them to resist virulent tubercle bacilli. Second.To bring about a chemical or physical change in living tissuesthat would resist tubercular phthisis it is possible that inoculations withthe bacillus would have to be made; yet, before this could be done, thepower of the virulent bacilli would have to be diminished; otherwise theresult would be most disastrous.” In the autumn of 1890, Doctor Dixon,inspired by the announcement of Professor Koch that he had succeededin developing a substance which possessed the power of preventing thegrowth of the tubercle bacillus in the human economy, again visitedEurope in order to assure himself of the accuracy of the reports and inthe interest of humanity as well as of the various scientific and medicalinstitutions with which he was connected, and had interviews with Koch,265Virchow and Dubois Raymond. That Doctor Dixon has always recognizedthe claims of the community as a whole on members of his professionis sufficiently proven by the fact that he is officially connectedwith so large a number of scientific, philanthropic and educational institutions.He has been for eighteen years Executive Curator of thePhiladelphia Academy of the Natural Sciences, and for fourteen yearsits President. For a number of years he was a member of the Board ofEducation of the city of Philadelphia an as Chairman of the Committeeon Hygiene devoted much time to improving the sanitary conditionof the schools. He is an officer of the Ludwick Institute, the Societyfor the Prevention of Tuberculosis in Pennsylvania, the Zoological Societyof Philadelphia and the Grandom Institution, a member of theCouncil of the American Philosophical Society and of the Historical Societyof Pennsylvania, a director of the Wistar Institute of Anatomy ofthe University of Pennsylvania, a Fellow of the College of Physiciansof Philadelphia, a member of the American Medical Association, theMedical Society of the State of Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia CountyMedical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Scienceand the American Archeological and Asiatic Society, and one ofthe originators of the Geographical Society of Philadelphia. An enthusiaston field sports from his early boyhood, many of his vacations havebeen spent in salmon and trout fishing and the hunting of big game. Hehas been an enthusiastic and successful breeder of choice cattle and sportingdogs. He is a member of the American Kennel Club, of which he wasthe first Secretary, and President of the Philadelphia Kennel Club. Amongthe social clubs of the country he is a member of the Philadelphia Club,the Merion Cricket Club, the University Club, the Tarrantine Golf Cluband the Radnor Hunt.

Dolan, James A., 346 Broadway, New York City.

Dolan, Thomas E., M. D., 250 Elizabeth Avenue, Elizabeth, N. J.

Donahue, Dan A., 178 Essex Street, Salem, Mass.; outfitter to men andwomen.

Donahue, R. J., cashier of the National Bank of Ogdensburg, N. Y.

Donnelly, Hon. Thomas F., a justice of the New York City Court, 257Broadway, New York City.

Donoghue, D. F., M. D., 240 Maple Street, Holyoke, Mass.

Donovan, Daniel, 21 High Rock Street, Lynn, Mass.; an authority on heraldry,armorial bearings, etc.; particularly as the same relate to Ireland.

Donovan, Colonel Henry F., editor and proprietor of The Chicago Eagle,No. 504 Teutonic Building, Chicago, Ill.; was commissioned as Colonelby the Governor of Illinois, and served that State four years as Inspector-Generalof the Illinois National Guard.

Donovan, John W., real estate, mortgages and insurance, 360 West OneHundred Twenty-fifth Street, New York City.

Donovan, Richard J., attorney at law, 170 Broadway, New York City.

Donovan, Dr. S. E., New Bedford, Mass.

Donovan, Col. William H., Lawrence, Mass.; commander of the Ninth266Regiment, M. V. M.; served with the regiment in Cuba during the warwith Spain.

Dooley, Michael F., Westminster Street, Providence, R. I., Treasurer-Generalof the Society and member of the Executive Council, was born in NewBritain, Conn., in 1853. His education was obtained in St. John’s College,now Fordham University, from which institution he graduated in1872. After leaving college, he spent two years in France, and upon hisreturn to this country studied law for a time in the office of formerLieutenant-Governor Sill of Hartford, Conn. Some time after he waselected Chairman of the Board of Tax Assessors, in which capacity heserved the city of Hartford for eight years. In 1887 he was appointedNational Bank Examiner for Connecticut and Rhode Island, and serveduntil 1890, when he relinquished that office to conduct a brokerage business,in which he continued for three years, when he was again appointedNational Bank Examiner and his appointment by Ex-President Clevelandwas continued during the succeeding Republican administration. From1895 to 1899 Mr. Dooley was also Receiver of the First National Bankof Willimantic, resigning in the latter year to become Secretary of theUnion Trust Company of Providence, R. I., and in 1906 was made Vice-Presidentof that institution. In April, 1908, he was elected President ofthe National Exchange Bank of Providence, which position he now holds.Mr. Dooley was married in 1888 to Miss Ellen Cook McManus.

Doran, Patrick L., Synus Utah Grocer Company, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Dordar, John, Forty-first Street and Park Avenue, New York City.

Dorver, Rev. William J., pastor of St. Charles Church, Pittsfield, Mass.

Dowd, Willis B., attorney at law, 141 Broadway, New York City; great-grandsonof Cornelius Dowd who came to this country about 1750 and settled inMoore County, N. C., where he became prominent. The family has attainedmuch distinction in North Carolina.

Dowling, Rev. Austin, rector of the Cathedral, Providence, R. I.; a historianand author of much fame.

Dowling, Hon. Victor J., County Court House, Chambers Street, New YorkCity, Justice of the Supreme Court of New York; is the son of Dennisand Eliza Fierlants (Faider) Dowling, and was born July 20th, 1866.Received the degree of A. B. in 1881 from Manhattan College, LL. B.in 1887 from the University of New York, where he took first prize forthe best written and best oral examination, being the first student of theuniversity to secure both prizes; M. A. in 1888 at Manhattan College,and LL. D. in 1908 from the New York University Law School. Is amember of the Bar Association of New York State, the Bar Associationof the City of New York, the Bibliophile Society of Boston, the AmericanCatholic Historical Society, the United States Catholic Historical Society,the Manhattan Club, Catholic Club, the Democratic Club, Knightsof Columbus, Catholic Benevolent Union, and others. He is the authorof the very valuable essay entitled, Irish Pioneers in New York, appearingelsewhere in this volume.

Downey, William F., 1622 L Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

267Downing, Bernard, Secretary to the President of the Borough of Manhattan,City Hall, New York City.

Downing, D. P., manager National Biscuit Company, Cambridge, Mass.

Doyle, Alfred L., of John F. Doyle & Sons, real estate agents, brokers andappraisers, 45 William Street, New York City.

Doyle, David A., Katonah, N. Y.; postmaster.

Doyle, James, 455 West Twenty-eighth Street, New York City; present oldestmember of the flour trade in New York; member of the New YorkProduce Exchange from the beginning; member of the board of managersof the Exchange, 1897–1901. He and his son, Mr. Nathaniel Doyle,also a member of the Society, are associated in trade as James Doyle &Company.

Doyle, John F., of John F. Doyle & Sons, 45 William Street, New YorkCity. (Life member of the Society and a member of its Executive Council.)Mr. Doyle is the senior member of the real estate firm of John F.Doyle & Sons. He was born in New York City, 1837, a son of JamesDoyle, who participated in the Irish revolution of 1798, and who cameto the United States early in 1806. This James Doyle, the immigrant, hada son who was killed in the Florida war of 1837, and a grandson who fellin 1861, fighting for the Union. John F. Doyle, the subject of this sketchand member of the Society, entered the law office of Alexander Hamilton,grandson of the first Secretary of the Treasury, afterwards thefirm of Hamilton, Rives & Rogers, and remained with them from 1853to 1869, in the meantime studying law and being admitted to the bar in1862. Alexander Hamilton, Francis R. Rives, a son of William C. Rives,of Virginia, at one time minister to France and senator, and Nathan PendletonRogers, all of the old Revolutionary stock, were members of thefirm. Mr. Doyle’s management of some Wall Street properties forthem at this period became so conspicuous that he was urged by themto assume the management of their estates, which he did. Shortly afterwardsfollowed the acquisition of the estates of such well-known peopleas Mrs. Harriet L. Langdon, granddaughter-in-law of the first John JacobAstor, John Pyne March, Mrs. Morgan L. Livingston, George L.Schuyler, James M. Pendleton, A. Newbold Morris, James H. Jones, JohnSteward, Jr., Royal Phelps, deceased, Royal Phelps Carroll, Robert S.Minturn, estate of Gertrude L. Lowndes, deceased, William H. King,of Newport, R. I., and others too numerous to mention in detail. Afeature of his career as a successful manager lies in the fact that thebusiness associations and connections formed by him in the beginningare still held intact. Among the notable sales made by him are thosefrom William H. Morris to John Jacob Astor in 1880 conveying 150acres of lots in the twenty-third ward on and adjacent to Harlem River;the great sale of South Brooklyn lots at Gowanus Bay in 1884. Mr. Doylerepresents today the same old and well-known families and estates representedby him so many years ago. During his career Mr. Doyle hasmet and done business with some of the most notable men connected withfamilies famous in American history, such as three of the four sons268of the first Alexander Hamilton, Admiral Farragut, Capt. Percival Drayton,Rawlins Lowndes, of South Carolina, William C. Rives, U. S. senatorfrom Virginia, at one time minister to France, George L. Schuyler,grandson of Philip Schuyler, and owner of the famous yacht America,Philip Schuyler, his son, Henry Grinnell of Arctic fame, Robert J. andMortimer Livingston, Hon. John Lee Carroll, Commodore Wm. K. Vanderbilt,and scores of others equally well known, besides representingbranches now of four lineal descendants of signers of the Declaration ofIndependence. His two sons, Col. John F. Doyle, Jr., and Alfred L.Doyle, have been with him in business for years past and all three enjoyan enviable reputation for integrity, ability and prudence in all theirundertakings.

Doyle, Col. John F., Jr., of John F. Doyle & Sons, 45 William Street, NewYork City.

Doyle, Nathaniel, of James Doyle & Company, flour, 455 West Twenty-eighthStreet, New York City; member of the board of managers, NewYork Produce Exchange; member of the New York Club, Fifth Avenueand Thirty-fifth Street; member Veteran Association, Seventh Regiment,N. G. S. N. Y.

Driscoll, Rev. John T., Fonda, N. Y., clergyman, born Albany, N. Y., 1836;educated in schools of that place; graduated Manhattan College, 1885;after studying four years at Troy Theological Seminary, was ordained tothe priesthood; took advanced course at Catholic University, S. T. B.,S. T. L. (former being first degree conferred by University); for threeyears taught philosophical branches in Theological Seminary at Brighton,Mass., and for several seasons has been a regular lecturer at PlattsburghSummer School; author “Christian Philosophy—The Human Soul,” and“Christian Philosophy—God.”

Drummond, M. J., President of M. J. Drummond & Company, 182 Broadway,New York City. Mr. Drummond was born on February 1, 1851, in JerseyCity, N. J., and was graduated from De La Salle Institute, New YorkCity. He started in the iron pipe business in 1879, and in 1887 organized,as senior partner, the firm of M. J. Drummond & Company, which hassince been incorporated and is one of the most successful iron pipe concernsin the United States. Mr. Drummond has been prominent in thecharitable, social and business life of New York for a generation. He isPresident of M. J. Drummond & Company, of the Shawmut Clay ManufacturingCompany, of the Glamorgan Iron Works, of the Nassau CountyWater Company, and of the Green Island Water Company. As well as beinga director of this company, he is a director of the Nassau Union Bankand a trustee and member of the Executive Board of the Emigrant IndustrialSavings Bank and the Broadway Trust Company, and he holds membershipin the Chamber of Commerce, the New York Athletic Club, theHardware Club, and the Catholic Club, and was recently President of theSociety of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.

Dufficy, Peter J., 120 West Fifty-ninth Street, New York City.

269Duffy, Rev. Francis P., St. Joseph’s Seminary, Dunwoodie, Yonkers, N. Y.Professor of Philosophy.

Dunne, F. L., 328 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

Dunne, Finley Peter, “Mister Dooley.” Author, journalist and humorist,born Chicago, July 10, 1867; son of Peter and Ellen (Finley) Dunne;educated in Chicago public schools; married, in New York City, December9, 1902, Margaret Abbott; connected with Chicago newspapers from 1885to 1899; associate editor American Magazine; Catholic; author of “Mr.Dooley in Peace and in War” (1898); “Mr. Dooley in the Hearts of HisCountrymen” (1898); “Mr. Dooley’s Philosophy” (1900); “Mr. Dooley’sOpinions” (1901); “Observations by Mr. Dooley” (1902); “Dissertationsby Mr. Dooley” (1906); address, 341 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Duval, C. Louis, 143 Liberty Street, New York City. Warehouse manager.

Dwyer, Thomas, builder, Amsterdam Avenue and One Hundred and Thirty-ninthStreet, New York City. (Life member of the Society.)

Dwyer, W. D., 202 Despatch Building, St. Paul, Minn. Chief Counsel of St.Paul City Railway Company.

Editor of “The Rosary Magazine,” Somerset, O. (Life member of theSociety.)

Egan, Rev. M. H., St. Bernard’s Church, Keene, N. Y.

Ellard, George W., 180 Lisbon Street, Lewiston, Me.

Elliott, Dr. George W., Immigration Office, Ellis Island, N. Y. He is theduly accredited representative of the Canadian Government at the port ofNew York, co-operating with the public health and marine hospital serviceof the United States in connection with the medical examination of alienspassing through the United States immigration station, Ellis Island, destinedfor all points in the Dominion of Canada. Doctor Elliott is anative of Ireland.

Emmet, J. Duncan, M. D., 103 Madison Avenue, New York City.

Emmet, Robert, Moreton Paddox, Warwick, England.

Emmet, Thomas Addis, M. D., LL. D., 89 Madison Avenue, New York City.(Life member of the Society and a member of the Executive Council.)Grand nephew of the Irish patriot, Robert Emmet.

Enright, Thomas J., attorney at law, 71 Central Street, Lowell, Mass.

Eustace, Hon. Alexander C., of the law firm A. C. & J. P. Eustace, 334East Water Street, Elmira, N. Y.; during many years past identified asattorney or counsel, with many of the most important litigations beforethe courts in southern and western New York; was for three years, priorto 1893, President of the New York State Civil Service Commission.

Fahy, Thomas A., attorney at law, 14 South Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Falahee, John J., real estate, 120 West Fifty-ninth Street, New York City.

Fallon, Hon. Joseph D., LL. D., 789 Broadway, South Boston, Mass.; justiceof the South Boston Municipal Court; Vice-President, Union Institutionfor Savings.

Fallon, Hon. Joseph P., 1900 Lexington Avenue, New York City; justice ofthe Ninth District Municipal Court.

270Farley, Most Rev. John M., D. D., 452 Madison Avenue, New York City.

Farrell, Edward D., 18 West Eighty-sixth Street, New York City. Retired.Member Catholic Club of New York and Society of the Friendly Sonsof St. Patrick.

Farrell, Leo F., 171 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I. Insurance andbrokerage.

Farrell, John F., Brander-Walsh Co., 89 Worth Street, New York City.

Farrell, John T., M. D., 1488 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I.

Farrell, William J., 115 Maiden Lane, New York City. (Life member ofthe Society.) Was born on the corner of Sixth Avenue and WaverlyPlace, New York City, April 27, 1859, of Irish parents, who though bornand brought up in Dublin did not meet till they reached New York,where in due course they were married in the old St. Joseph’s Church onlower Sixth Avenue. Mr. Farrell was educated at St. Francis’ College,conducted in Brooklyn by the Franciscan Brothers, and after graduatingtherefrom obtained a position as clerk with a Spanish firm whose businessit was to import corks and corkwood. On the death of his employers hesucceeded to the business, which he has carried on ever since, havingbranch houses in Cataluna and Andalucia. Mr. Farrell acquired a knowledgeof the Spanish language, and has made numerous trips to Spainbesides several to Cuba and Mexico in his business. He is a member ofthe Democratic Club, the Catholic Club and the New York Press Club.

Farrelly, Frank T., Springfield News Company, Main Street, Springfield,Mass.

Farrelly, Stephen, American News Company, 39 Chambers Street, New YorkCity. (Life member and member of the Executive Council of the Society.)

Farrelly, T. Charles, American News Company, 39 Chambers Street, NewYork City.

Feeley, William J., Treasurer of the W. J. Feeley Company, silversmithsand manufacturing jewelers, 203 Eddy Street, Providence, R. I.

Ferguson, Hugh, of Hugh Ferguson & Company, George Street, Charleston,S. C.

Finley, James D., Board of Trade, Norfolk, Va.

Finn, Rev. Thomas J., Box 242, Port Chester, N. Y.

Fitzgerald, Charles, 904 Main Street, Hartford, Conn.

Fitzgerald, Rev. D. W., 9 Pleasant Street, Penacook, N. H.

Fitzgerald, Hon. James, 140 East Seventy-ninth Street, New York City; ajustice of the Supreme Court of New York.

Fitzgerald, Hon. William T. A., attorney at law and register of deeds forSuffolk County, Mass. Born in Boston, December 19, 1871; educated inBoston public schools; Quincy Grammar School, 1884; English HighSchool, 1887; Boston University Law School, LL. B., cum laude, 1897;Common Council of Boston, 1897; Committee on Appropriations and LegislativeAffairs (chairman); House of Representatives, 1898–1899–1900;Committee on Metropolitan Affairs; Dedication of Massachusetts Monumentat Antietam (special); Monitor; Senate, 1901–1902–1903; Committeeon Rules, Judiciary; Street Railways; Public Charitable Institutions;271Liquor Law; Revision of Public Statutes; Libraries; Special Committeeon Governor’s Message on Street Railways; member and Vice-PresidentDemocratic State Committee; President Democratic City Committee ofBoston, 1902–1903–1904–1905; K. of C.; A. O. H.; B. P. O. Elks;Charitable Irish Society (past President); Catholic Union of Boston; Y.M. C. A. Boston College; Boston City Club; U. I. L.; Quincy School Association(past President); Boston Bar Association; elected Register ofDeeds for Suffolk County November 6, 1906; address, Court House,Boston, Mass.

Fitzpatrick, Edward, Louisville, Ky., on the staff of the Louisville, Ky.,Times; a resident of New Albany, Ind.; member of the committee to selectbooks for the New Albany Public Library; was, from 1878 to 1885, Indianacorrespondent of the Louisville Courier-Journal, reporting the Legislaturetwo terms, 1883–’85, for that paper, and at the same time was assistantto the chief clerk in the House of Representatives; was appointed aclerk in the U. S. Q. M. Depot at Jeffersonville, Ind., in 1885, but resignedto re-enter the employ of the Courier-Journal as political reporterin Louisville; was four years on the Louisville Post; returned to theCourier-Journal; was transferred to the Times (the afternoon edition ofthe Courier-Journal), and has been on that paper for many years past.He is a keen and forceful writer, and is one of the ablest men in Americanjournalism.

Fitzpatrick, Thomas B., senior member of the firm Brown, Durrell & Company,importers and manufacturers, 104 Kingston Street, Boston, Mass.;Rand-McNally Building, Chicago, Ill., and 11–19 West Nineteenth Street,New York City; President of the Union Institution for Savings, Boston,and a director in the United States Trust Company of that city. Is amember of the Executive Council and Vice-President of the Society forGeorgia.

Flannery, Capt. John, Savannah, Ga.; of the John Flannery Company, cottonfactors and commission merchants; was a non-commissioned officer ofthe Irish Jasper Greens in garrison at Fort Pulaski, 1861; was later lieutenantand captain, C. S. A., serving under Gen. Joe Johnston and GeneralHood; became a partner, in 1865, in the cotton firm, L. J. Guilmartin& Company, having a line of steamers from Charleston, S. C., to Palatka,Fla.; bought out the business in 1877; founded the house of John Flannery& Company; became director and President of the Southern Bank ofthe State of Georgia; is ex-President of the Southern Cotton Exchange;captain, 1872–’98, of the Jasper Greens.

Flynn, Col. David M., Princeton, N. J., is cashier of the First NationalBank of Princeton. He is probably the youngest officer in the NationalGuard of New Jersey to hold the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, being onlythirty-three years of age, born in Princeton in 1876. In the Guard, aswell as in business life, Colonel Flynn has come up from the ranks. Hewas one of the moving spirits in the organization of Company L of theSecond Regiment, which has distinguished itself on the rifle range atSea Girt. He enlisted in the company as a private in 1900; was made272a corporal in 1901, battalion sergeant-major in 1903; re-enlisted in 1905;was made captain and paymaster of the Second Brigade by Colonel CollinsDecember 10, 1906; major and paymaster, Second Brigade, December10, 1907, and major and inspector of small arms practice, July 9, 1908.Colonel Flynn’s success in a business way has been as remarkable andgratifying as his military success. Owing to the death of his father, hebegan work in a store at the age of thirteen, where by his industry andintegrity he attracted attention to himself. He studied at night, andwhen nineteen years of age passed a United States civil service examination,and was named registry clerk in the Princeton postoffice, whichposition he held until about ten years ago, when he was chosen teller ofthe First National Bank. Later he was made cashier of the bank andhe has more than made good. Since his connection with the bank thenumber of depositors has more than tripled and the deposits have morethan doubled. Colonel Flynn possesses an attribute valuable in all walksof life, but more especially in the banking world—he has never touchedliquor of any kind. He is Treasurer of the Citizens’ Association, Treasurerof the Princeton Militia Company, Treasurer of the Princeton Fishand Game Association, chairman of the Committee on Collections of theNew Jersey Bankers’ Association, Past Grand Knight of the Knights ofColumbus and is publisher of the Bankers’ Loose Leaf Discount Ledger.

Fogarty, James A., 264 Blatchley Avenue, New Haven, Conn., recently apolice commissioner of New Haven.

Fogarty, Jeremiah W., Assessing Department, Registry of Deeds, City Hall,Boston, Mass.

Ford, Hon. John, County Court House, Chambers Street, New York City;Justice of the Supreme Court of New York, Ex-State Senator; member ofthe Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.

Gaffney, Hon. T. St. John, attorney at law; member of the French Legionof Honor; 41 Riverside Drive, New York City; is now U. S. Consul-General,Dresden, Germany; Vice-President of the Society for Germany.

Gallagher, Daniel P., 27 East Twenty-second Street, New York City; ironmanufacturer.

Gallagher, James, Cleveland, N. Y., attorney at law; born in Coxsackie, N.Y., January 17, 1853; son of Michael and Ann (McCracken) Gallagher;educated in the public schools, Assumption Academy, Utica, N. Y.;married January 2, 1883, Frances Busan; one child, William M. (bornFebruary 16, 1886). Supervisor of town and President of village of Cleveland,N. Y.; member of State and County Bar Associations; was Presidentof the board of education for more than 20 years. Address: Cleveland,N. Y.

Gallagher, Patrick, contractor and builder, 11 East Fifty-ninth Street, NewYork City. (Life member of the Society.)

Gamble, Hon. Robert Jackson, Washington, D. C., United States Senatorfrom South Dakota.

Gannon, Frank S., 251 West End Avenue, New York City; railroads.

273Garrigan, Rt. Rev. Philip J., D. D., bishop of the Roman Catholic dioceseof Sioux City, Iowa; Vice-President of the Society for Iowa.

Garrity, P. H., 221 Bank Street, Waterbury, Conn.

Garvan, Hon. Edward J., 36 Pearl Street, Hartford, Conn., Attorney-at-Lawand Judge of the Hartford Police Court.

Garvan, Hon. Francis P., Assistant District Attorney, 23 Fifth Avenue, NewYork City.

Garvan, Hon. Patrick, 236 Farmington Avenue, Hartford, Conn. (A lifemember of the Society and a member of the Executive Council.) He wasborn in Ireland March 8, 1836, and came to this country in May, 1851,and since 1852 has resided in Hartford. At the age of twenty-one Mr.Garvan began his business career as a contractor and builder and continuedat the same for a period of twenty-one years. Many of the publicbuildings and churches east of the Connecticut River were built by himduring this time. He was also a partner in a paper and paper stock businesscarried on in Hartford under the name of E. J. Carroll & Company.From 1877 to 1906, having purchased the interest of Mr. Carroll, he conductedunder his own name a paper and paper stock business exclusively.In 1906 the business was incorporated under the name of P. Garvan,Inc., and is at the present time carried on under that name. It hasgrown to such proportion that at the present time it occupies four warehouseson State Street in Hartford, with offices at 205 and 207 StateStreet, and one large storage plant at Holyoke, Mass. Recently the firmhas opened offices at 261 Broadway, New York City, and its interests arecared for by Thomas F. Garvan, who has been associated with his fatherfor eighteen years. Mr. Garvan is also identified with several mills,being President of the Eastern Straw Board Company at Versailles,Conn., Hartford Board Company of Hartford, Conn., and the NewingtonPaper Company of Newington, Conn. Three of his sons, Thomas F., EdwardJ., and John S., are associated in business with him. Mr. Garvanhas always been a staunch Republican. During his residence in EastHartford he held many positions of honor and trust, having been chairmanof the School Board of that town for twelve years; was Presidentof both Village Improvement and Street Lighting Associations; trusteeand Treasurer of the Raymond Library, and for several years chairmanof the Republican Town Committee. In 1884 he represented the town inthe House of Representatives, and was re-elected as its first representativein 1885, serving as chairman of the School Fund Committee of that year,and as a member of the Finance Committee in 1884. In 1890 he waselected State Senator from the Second Senatorial District by the largestRepublican majority given any candidate in this district up to that time.For some years previous to 1894 he was a member of the Republican StateCentral Committee from the Second District, but resigned that office uponhis removal to Hartford. He was selected by the Connecticut Conventionas a delegate to the Republican Convention at Chicago which nominatedPresident Taft. When the Park Department of this city was reorganized,the Legislature provided for the appointment of a commission to have274sole charge of this important work. Mr. Garvan was named as one ofthe commissioners for the term of ten years. The Board of Park Commissionersparticularly entrusted to Commissioner Garvan the purchase oflands for and the development of Riverside Park. In 1898, as Presidentof this board, he delivered the dedicatory address at the services attendingthe opening of Riverside Park to the public. This park has become oneof the most useful pleasure grounds in this city, giving, as it does, aplace of recreation and rest for the poorer classes and children of theEast Side. Mr. Garvan has always taken a great interest in educationalmatters, three of his sons having graduated from Yale University andhis daughters having finished their educations abroad. Two of his sonsentered the profession of law, Frank P. Garvan, the present AssistantDistrict Attorney of New York, and Edward J. Garvan, who was Judgeof the Hartford Police Court for five years. The latter is now identifiedwith his father’s business interests. Mr. Garvan enjoys the respect andesteem of a very wide circle of friends and acquaintances, not onlythroughout the State of Connecticut, but wherever his large business interestsextend. He is a self-made, practical business man, cautious, conservativeand strictly honorable in all his dealings, and through his nativegenius and his untiring energy he has been uniformly successful inall his business affairs. He is now a director of St. Francis Hospital,director of the State Bank and the Riverside Trust Company; is a trusteeof the Society for Savings at Hartford and of the Cathedral parish,Hartford. In January, 1861, Mr. Garvan married Miss Mary A. Carrollof East Hartford, and ten children were born to them, eight of whom,four sons and four daughters, are living at the present time. His wifedied in September, 1906.

Gelshenen, William H., 100 William Street, New York City.

Geoghegan, Charles A., 537–539 West Broadway, New York City.

Geoghegan, Joseph, Salt Lake City, Utah. (Life member of the Society andits Vice-President for Utah.) Vice-President of the board of education,Salt Lake City; director of the Utah National Bank; director of the UtahLoan and Building Association; director of the Butler Liberal ManufacturingCompany, all three concerns of Salt Lake City; also, director inmany other corporations. He is general agent in Utah for Swift & Companyof Chicago; Borden’s Condensed Milk Company of New York; theAmerican Can Company of New York, and the Pennsylvania Salt Mfg.Company of Philadelphia. He is broker for the following: The WesternSugar Refining Company of San Francisco, Cal.; the Utah Sugar Companyof Lehi, Utah; the Amalgamated Sugar Company of Ogden, Utah;the Idaho Sugar Company of Idaho Falls, Idaho, and the Fremont CountySugar Company of Sugar City, Idaho.

Geoghegan, Joseph G., 20 East Seventy-third Street, New York City. (Lifemember of the Society.)

Geoghegan, Walter F., 537–539 West Broadway, New York City.

Gibbons, John T., merchant, corner of Poydras and South Peters streets,275New Orleans, La.; brother of Cardinal Gibbons. (Life member of theSociety.)

Gibbons, Peter J., M. D., 49 Park Avenue, New York City.

Gilday, Walter C., M. D., 44 West Thirty-seventh Street, New York City,was born January 22, 1871, in the town of Cherry Valley, N. Y., of Irishparentage; graduated from the Albany Medical College in 1894; Lectureron General Surgery in the New York Polyclinic Medical School; attendingsurgeon St. Elizabeth’s Hospital; Fellow New York Academy ofMedicine; member American Medical Association, State Medical Society,County Medical Society; member New York Athletic Club and New YorkRepublican Club.

Gillespie, George J., of the law firm Gillespie & O’Connor, 56 Pine Street,New York City; trustee, Catholic Summer School (Cliff Haven); memberof the board of managers of the N. Y. Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum;Vice-President of the Particular Council, Society of St. Vincent de Paul,New York City; member of the N. Y. Board of Education; recently taxcommissioner of the City of New York. (Life member of the Society.)

Gilman, John E., 43 Hawkins Street, Boston, Mass.; has been adjutant-generalon the staff of the Commander-in-Chief, Grand Army of theRepublic. In August, 1862, Mr. Gilman enlisted in Co. E., TwelfthMassachusetts Infantry (Webster Regiment), and participated in campaignsunder Generals Pope, McClellan, Burnside, Hooker and Meadeup to the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., where, on July 2, 1863, his right armwas shot off near the shoulder. Securing his discharge from the armyon September 28, 1863, he returned to Boston. In 1864, he entered theservice of the State and served in various departments until 1883, whenhe was made settlement clerk of the directors of Public Institutions ofBoston. He was appointed soldiers’ relief commissioner, April 2, 1901.He has been a comrade of Posts 14, 7 and 26, G. A. R., since 1868,being commander of the latter post in 1888. He was department inspectorof the Massachusetts G. A. R. in 1895; junior vice-commander in 1896;senior vice-commander in 1897; delegate-at-large in 1898; and departmentcommander in 1899.

Gilpatric, Walter J., Saco, Me., was born in Lyman, York County, Maine,March 3, 1869, and since 1876 has resided in Saco. Is a lawyer, andhas served the city at various times as city solicitor, tax collector andmember of the city council, and was elected alderman in March, 1909.Is a Democrat; has served on the Democratic State Committee for twelveyears, and was delegate from the First Congressional District to theNational Democratic Convention at Denver, Colorado, July, 1908. Isagent of the Biddeford and Saco Water Company and of York Light andHeat Company at Old Orchard, Me., since March, 1901. Is a member ofthe Sons of the American Revolution. Mr. Gilpatric is a descendant ofThomas and Margaret Gilpatrick, who emigrated from Colerain, Ireland,in 1724 and settled in Biddeford, Me., and who had nine grandsons inthe Revolutionary War.

Goff, Hon. John W., Recorder’s Chambers, New York City.

276Gorman, Capt. Dennis J., assessors’ office, City Hail, Boston, Mass.

Gorman, John F., attorney at law, Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

Gorman, William, attorney at law, Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia,Pa.; member of the Pennsylvania Bar Association, the Pennsylvania Academyof Fine Arts, the American Academy of Social and Political Science;the Alumni Association of the University of Pennsylvania, and other organizations.He is officially connected with the Commonwealth Title Insuranceand Trust Company of Philadelphia. (Life member of the Societyand a member of the Executive Council.)

Grainger, J. V., Wilmington, N. C., First Vice-President of Murchison NationalBank.

Griffin, John C., insurance, Skowhegan, Me.

Griffin, Martin Ignatius Joseph, editor and publisher; born in Philadelphia,October 23, 1842; son of Terrence J. Griffin, “the Free Soil Baker,” ofPhiladelphia. Mr. Griffin received his education in private, parochial andpublic schools. He married, in Philadelphia, October 2, 1870, Mary A.E. McMullen. He was editor of The Guardian Angel, 1867–’70; associateeditor Catholic Standard, 1870–’73; proprietor and editor of theJournal of the Irish Catholic Benevolent Union, 1872–1903; and of Griffin’sJournal, 1894–1900. Delegate to several of the State ProhibitionConventions and the National Convention at Cincinnati in 1892. Hehas been proprietor and editor of the American Catholic Historical Researchessince 1886; and was founder of the American Catholic HistoricalSociety of Philadelphia, 1884. Mr. Griffin is author of “Catholicityin Philadelphia”; “The Trial of John Ury”; “The History of CommodoreJohn Barry”; “Commodore John Barry, the Record of His Career as Fatherof the American Navy, 1903”; “Life of Thomas Fitz-Simons, theCatholic Signer of the Constitution of the United States”; “Life of GeneralStephen Moylan,” and other works. Residence, 1935 North EleventhStreet, Philadelphia.

Griffin, Patrick Francis, 322 West Seventy-seventh Street, New York City.Clothier and designer.

Griffin, Rt. Rev. Mgr. Thomas, D. D., St. John’s presbytery, 44 TempleStreet, Worcester, Mass.

Guilfoile, Francis P., attorney at law, Waterbury, Conn.

Haggerty, J. Henry, of the Haggerty Refining Company, oils, 50 South Street,New York City.

Halley, Charles V., 756 East One Hundred and Seventy-fifth Street, NewYork City.

Halloran, John H., 213 Sixth Avenue, New York City.

Haltigan, Patrick J., editor, The Hibernian, Washington, D. C.; authorof several historical works.

Hannan, Hon. John, mayor of Ogdensburg, N. Y.; President of the OgdensburgCoal and Towing Company, 44 and 46 Water Street.

Hanrahan, John D., M. D., Rutland, Vt., a native of County Limerick,Ireland; was graduated in medicine from the University of the City ofNew York, 1867; in June, 1861, he was, on examination (not having277graduated), appointed surgeon in the United States Navy, and servedthrough the entire Civil War. The vessels on which he served did dutymostly on the rivers of Virginia and North Carolina, where he servedwith the army as well as the navy, thereby having the benefit and experienceof both branches of the service, especially in the surgical line. InAugust, 1863, the vessel on which he was serving was captured at themouth of the Rappahannock River and all on board made prisoners.They were taken overland to Richmond where they were confined in LibbyPrison. At that time the Confederates were very short of surgeons andmedical supplies, and he was asked if he would go over to Belle Islandand attend the Union prisoners. After consulting his fellow-prisoners heconsented, and for six weeks he attended the sick and wounded Unionprisoners faithfully, under very great disadvantages, as the applianceswere very limited. After that he was paroled. While a prisoner of warhe was treated with the greatest courtesy and consideration by the medicalstaff and officers of the Confederacy. After the close of the war he wassettled in New York City, but for nearly forty years has been a residentof Rutland, Vt. He was town and city physician of Rutland for manyyears. He was appointed surgeon of the Third Vermont Regiment, 1871,by Governor Stewart; was the first President of the Rutland CountyMedical and Surgical Society; has been a director and consulting surgeonof the Rutland (Vt.) Hospital; consulting surgeon to the Fanny AllenHospital, Winooski, Vt.; a member of the Vermont Sanitary Association,and a member of the Vermont Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis;President of Rutland Village two years and trustee eight years; countycommissioner one year; President, United States pension examining boardfour years under President Cleveland, and President of the same boardfour years under President Harrison. He was postmaster of Rutlandduring the second term of President Cleveland. He has since its organizationbeen an active member of the G. A. R.; surgeon of Roberts Post,the largest in Vermont; has served three terms as medical director of theDepartment; served on the staffs of three commanders-in-chief—Veasy,Palmer and Weissert; a member of Commander-in-Chief Stewart’s staff.Doctor Hanrahan is the author of several medical papers, has performedmany surgical operations, and has served through several epidemics ofsmallpox and diphtheria. He was a delegate to the Democratic Nationalconventions of 1884, 1888, and chairman of the Vermont delegation tothe National Convention of 1892. Also a delegate to the DemocraticNational Convention in St. Louis, 1904, and to the Ancient Order ofHibernians convention in St. Louis, July 19, 1904. Is Vice-President ofthe Society for Vermont.

Harkins, Rt. Rev. Matthew, D. D., Roman Catholic Bishop of Providence,30 Fenner Street, Providence, R. I.

Harrison, Hon. Alexander, Hartford, Conn., recently mayor of Hartford.

Harrington, Rev. J. C., rector of St. Joseph’s Church, Greene Street, Lynn,Mass.

Harrington, Rev. John M., Orono, Me.

278Harris, Hon. Charles N., 31 East Forty-ninth Street, New York City. CityMagistrate.

Harson, M. Joseph, 200 Broadway, New York City.

Harty, John F., Savannah, Ga., of Seiler & Harty, insurance agents.

Hassett, Hon. Thomas, 299 Broadway, New York City; was born in Bath,Steuben County, New York, February 7, 1865, and is a graduate ofHaverling High School of that place. Is Secretary of the New YorkBoard of Water Supply. (Life member of the Society.)

Hayes, Hon. Nicholas J., Sheriff, County of New York, 299 Broadway, NewYork City.

Hayes, Col. Patrick E., Pawtucket, R. I.

Healy, David, 70 Jane Street, New York City; U. S. Immigration service.

Healy, John F., general manager of the Davis Colliery Company, Elkins,W. Va. Vice-President of the Society for West Virginia.

Healy, Richard, department store; residence 188 Institute Road, Worcester,Mass.

Hendrick, Hon. Peter A., Justice of the Supreme Court of New York,County Court House, Chambers Street, New York City.

Hennessey, Michael E., on the staff of the Daily Globe, Boston, Mass.; anewspaper man of wide experience and exceptional ability.

Henry, Charles T., 120 Liberty Street, New York City.

Henry, Dr. Frank C., 260 State Street, Perth Amboy, N. J.

Henry, J. P., M. D., 329 West Fifty-eighth Street, New York City.

Herbert, Victor, musician, composer; born in Dublin, Ireland, February 1,1859; grandson of Samuel Lover, the popular Irish novelist; educated byprivate tutors in Germany; musical education covered complete range, buthe specialized in the violoncello and solo ’cellist in the Court Orchestraof the Kingdom of Wurtemberg, at Stuttgart and en tour in various Europeancities. In that capacity came to New York City, 1886, as solo’cellist at Metropolitan Opera House; afterward appeared in same capacitywith the leading orchestras; when Gilmore died and the question ofsecuring a conductor for the Twenty-second Regiment Band who wouldbe a worthy successor of the famous leader became important, hewas chosen leader, and has held the position for twelve years. Was forsome time conductor of the Pittsburgh Orchestra, and for the past fewyears has been at the head of his own New York organization. Authorof many comic operas, including “Prince Ananias,” “The Ameer,” “Babesin Toyland,” “It Happened in Nordland,” etc.; of the cantata, “The Captive,”and of numerous compositions for band and orchestra as well asmany vocal numbers. Is a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.His grandfather either wrote or first set to music the famous song, TheLow Back Car. Address, 321 West One Hundred and Eighth Street,New York City.

Hernan, J. J., Coronado, Cal.

Hickey, James G., manager of the United States Hotel, Boston, Mass. (Lifemember of the Society.)

279Hickey, John J., plumbing contractor, 8 East One Hundred and Twenty-ninthStreet, New York City.

Hickey, Rev. William A., Clinton, Mass.

Hiers, James Lawton, M. D., Savannah, Ga., ophthalmologist, otologist andlaryngologist; is connected with Park View Sanatarium, Bethesda OrphanHome and St. Mary’s Home, all of Savannah; assistant surgeon-generalUniform Rank, Knights of Pythias; member American Medical Association,councillor and ex-Vice-President Medical Association of Georgia,ex-President Chatham County Medical Society, ex-President Alumni SocietyMedical Department of the University of Georgia, ex-President StateSociological Society and member First Congressional District MedicalSociety. Is also a member of the Hibernian Society of Savannah, Ga.

Higgins, Francis, Manhattan Club, Twenty-sixth Street and Madison Avenue,New York City. Retired merchant.

Higgins, James J., 85 Court Street, Elizabeth, N. J.

Hill, William E., 23 Greene Street, New York City.

Hoban, Rt. Rev. M. J., D. D., Scranton, Pa., Bishop of the Roman Catholicdiocese of Scranton.

Hoey, James J., real estate, insurance and surety bonds, 206 Broadway, NewYork City.

Hogan, John J., Director of the Lowell Trust Company, 53 Central Street,Lowell, Mass.

Hogan, Hon. John W., attorney at law, 4 Weybosset Street, Providence,R. I.; recently a candidate for Congress; ex-member, General Assembly.

Holland, John P., 11 William Street, East Orange, N. J.; inventor of thesubmarine torpedo boat.

Horigan, Hon. Cornelius, 229 and 231 Main Street, Biddeford, Me.; Treasurerof the Andrews & Horigan Company; a member of the Legislatureof Maine.

Howlett, John, 49 Portland Street, Boston, Mass.

Hughes, Martin, attorney at law, Hibbing, Minn.

Hughes, Patrick L., 466 Pleasant Street, Winthrop, Mass.

Hurley, James H., Union Trust Company Building, Providence, R. I.; managerof the real estate department, G. L. & H. J. Gross.

Hurley, John E., 63 Washington Street, Providence, R. I.; Vice-Presidentand superintendent of the Remington Printing Company; President, in1904, of the Rhode Island Master Printers’ Association.

Hurley, Hon. John F., Mayor of Salem, Salem, Mass.

Innd, Thomas C., Restaurateur, 42 John Street, New York City.

Jameson, W. R., 1786 Bathgate Avenue, Bronx, New York City.

Jenkinson, Richard C., 678 High Street, Newark, N. J.; of R. C. Jenkinson& Company, manufacturers of metal goods; candidate for mayor of Newarkin 1901; was President of the Newark Board of Trade in 1898–’99and 1900; has been a director in the Newark Gas Company; was Presidentof the New Jersey Commission to the Pan-American Exposition, andone of the Vice-Presidents of the Exposition, representing the State ofNew Jersey by appointment of Governor Voorhees.

280Jennings, Michael J., 753 Third Avenue, New York City.

Johnson, Alfred J., Deputy Sheriff, 14 Central Park West, New York City.

Johnson, James G., of James G. Johnson & Company, 649, 651, 653 and 655Broadway, New York City.

Jordan, Michael J., attorney at law, 42 Court Street, Boston, Mass.; Vice-Presidentof the Society for Massachusetts.

Joyce, Bernard J., 45 Grove Avenue, Winthrop Highlands, Boston, Mass.

Joyce, Henry L., 143 Liberty Street, New York City. (Life member of theSociety.) Manager of the Marine Department of the Central Railroadof New Jersey.

Joyce, John Jay, 47 Macdougal Street, New York City.

Joyce, Michael J., attorney at law, 51 Chambers Street, New York City;member of the firm of Joyce & Hoff.

Judge, John H., attorney at law, 259 Broadway, New York City.

Keane, Most Rev. John J., D. D., Dubuque, Ia.; Archbishop of the RomanCatholic archdiocese of Dubuque.

Kearney, James, attorney at law, 220 Broadway, New York City.

Kearns, Philip J., 2311 Concourse, Bronx, New York City. Contractor.

Keating, Patrick M., of the law firm, Keating & Brackett, Pemberton Building,Boston, Mass.

Keefe, Patrick H., M. D., 257 Benefit Street, Providence, R. I.

Keefe, Rev. William A., Norwich, Conn.

Keenan, John J., Public Library, Copley Square, Boston, Mass.

Keenan, Thomas J., attorney at law, Binghamton, N. Y.; member of the lawfirm of Curtiss, Arms & Keenan.

Kehoe, John F., 26 Broadway, New York City; officially connected withmany corporations. (Life member of the Society.)

Kelley, James Douglas Jerrold, 25 East Eighty-third Street, New YorkCity; Commander, United States Navy.

Kelleher, Daniel, 1116 Spring Street, Seattle, Washington; member of thelaw firm of Bausman & Kelleher, Alaska Building, Seattle, and director ofthe Seattle National Bank, Bank for Savings and State Bank of Seattle.

Kelly, Daniel E., attorney at law, Salyer Block, Valparaiso, Ind.

Kelly, Eugene, Templecourt Building, New York City.

Kelly, Gertrude B., M. D., 130 East Twenty-seventh Street, New York City.

Kelly, John Forrest, Ph. D., Pittsfield, Mass.; born near Carrick-on-Suir,Ireland. He was educated in Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken,N. J., received the degree of B. L. in 1878 and that of Ph. D. in 1881.His first occupation was as assistant to Thomas A. Edison, in MenloPark laboratory, his work then principally relating to the chemistry ofrare earths. Late in 1879 Mr. Kelly became electrical engineer of theNew York branch of the Western Electric Company. This was the timewhen the telephone was being generally introduced, and when dynamoswere being first applied to telegraphic purposes. In the construction andinstallment of instruments for telegraphy and telephones and of suchmeasuring instruments as were then known, Mr. Kelly received a thoroughtraining. In 1882 he became laboratory assistant to Edward Weston, then281chief electrician of the United States Electric Lighting Company, and,with the exception of a year which he spent in connection with the Remingtons,Mr. Kelly continued his association with Mr. Weston until July,1886. Some of the most important work, such as the research which endedin the discovery of high resistance alloys of very low or even negativetemperature co-efficients, were substantially carried out by Mr. Kelly undergeneral directions from Mr. Weston, whom Mr. Kelly succeeded as chiefelectrician of the United States Electric Lighting Company, which, in1889, passed to the Westinghouse interests; but Mr. Kelly retained hisposition as chief electrician until January, 1892, when he resigned to joinWilliam Stanley in experimental work. The work done by Mr. Kelly, inthis connection, gave a great impetus to the alternating current business.Mr. Kelly’s inventive work is partially represented by eighty patents. Theart of building transformers and generators of alternating currents wasrevolutionized, and Mr. Kelly and his colleagues were the first to putpolyphase motors into actual commercial service. That success naturallyled to long-distance transmission work, and the first long-distance transmissionplants in California (indeed the first in the world), were undertakenon Mr. Kelly’s recommendation and advice. He was the first tomake a hysteretically stable steel, a matter of vastly more importance thanthe comparatively spectacular transmission work. Mr. Kelly at presentoccupies the position of President of the John F. Kelly Engineering Company,President of the co*kel Company and President of the TelelectricCompany, as well as President of the Conchas River Power Company anddirector of the Southwestern Exploration Company. The co*kel Companyis organized to exploit the invention of Mr. E. W. Cooke, by means ofwhich foodstuffs may be perfectly dehydrated, losing on the average ninetyper cent in weight. Foods dehydrated by this process, although free fromall chemical preservatives, are entirely stable, and yet preserve their pristinefreshness through extremes of temperature, and when served areindistinguishable from fresh foods of the ordinary type. The TelelectricCompany is organized for the manufacture of electric piano players, whichare either entirely automatic or entirely controllable at will. Mr. Kellywas married to Miss Helen Fischer, in New York City, in 1892, and theyhave two children—Eoghan and Domnall. Mr. Kelly is a thorough andunswerving Irish Nationalist, and his splendid generosity to the cause iswell-known.

Kelly, Joseph Thomas, was born at Enniskeen, County Cavan, Ireland, January3, 1887, and is the son of William and Anne (O’Connor) Kelly.Removed in August, 1893, to New Haven, Conn.; in October, 1895, toUnion City, Conn.; in April, 1900, returned to New Haven. Educatedin Irish National Schools and in the public and parochial schools of theUnited States; was graduated in 1903 from Hillhouse High School, NewHaven. In July, 1903, entered the employ of the New York, New Havenand Hartford Railroad Company as a stenographer; and is at presentSecretary to the general counsel of that company. Member, Loyal CouncilNo. 30, Knights of Columbus. Residence, 275 Lombard Street; office,282Law Department, N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. Company, New Haven, Conn.

Kelly, Michael F., M. D., Fall River, Mass.

Kelly, P. J., Vice-President of the Hans-Kelly Company, Main Street, Buffalo,N. Y.

Kelly, Thomas, M. D., 357 West Fifty-seventh Street, New York City.

Kelly, T. P., 544 West Twenty-second Street, New York City; of T. P. Kelly& Company, manufacturers of black leads, foundry facings, supplies, etc.

Kelly, William J., 9 Dove Street, Newburyport, Mass.

Kelly, William J., insurance, 3 Market Square, Portsmouth, N. H.

Kenah, John F., city clerk, Elizabeth, N. J. Vice-President of the Societyfor New Jersey.

Kennedy, Charles F., Brewer, Me.

Kennedy, Daniel, of the Kennedy Valve Manufacturing Company, Coxsackie,N. Y., 197 Berkeley Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Kennedy, Hon. M. F., 32 Broad Street, Charleston, S. C., is in the real estateand brokerage business; was born in Charleston September 26th, 1844, andhis parents came from Tipperary, Ireland; was educated in the localschools; served in the Confederate Army in the War of the Rebellion;elected in 1882 to the South Carolina Legislature and re-elected in 1884,serving for four years in the House of Representatives; has been thirtyyears in the real estate and insurance business, commencing in 1879 withhis brother, Patrick H. Kennedy, since deceased. Is Secretary and Treasurerof the Hibernian Mutual Insurance Company, and is a member ofthe Ancient Order of Hibernians, the Hibernian Society of Charleston, St.Patrick’s Benevolent Society, Supreme Lodge of the Knights of Honor,Supreme Lodge of the Catholic Knights of America, ex-Grand Dictatorof the Grand Lodge of South Carolina Knights of Honor, and GrandMaster Workman of the Ancient Order of United Workmen of the Carolinas,Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Florida. Mr. Kennedy was alsoa member of the great Land League Congress, held at Philadelphia in1882, and acted on most of the important committees, representing the localorganizations of Charleston.

Kenney, David T., mechanical engineer, Plainfield, N. J.

Kenney, James W., Park Brewery, Terrace Street, Roxbury, Mass.; Vice-Presidentand director, Federal Trust Company, Boston, Mass.

Kenney, John J., attorney at law; born in New York City, March 2, 1858;son of Patrick and Mary (Hogan) Kenney; educated in the public schoolsand private schools of Staten Island and New York City Law School ofNew York University; married in New Brighton, Staten Island, September6, 1893, Anna H. Crabtree; children: Mary Mildred (12); Anna Ruth(10). Served seven years as justice of the Municipal Court of the City ofNew York; now district attorney of Richmond County. President of theNew Brighton Co-operative Savings and Loan Association; director of theRichmond County Agricultural Society; Democrat. Roman Catholic. Address,New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y.

Kenney, Thomas, 143 Summer Street, Worcester, Mass.

283Kenney, Thomas F., M. D., formerly of Vienna, Austria, 9 High Street,Worcester, Mass. Vice-President of the Society for Austria.

Kenny, W. J. K., 44 Broad Street, New York City.

Keough, Peter L., 41 Arch Street, Pawtucket, R. I.

Kerby, John E., architect, 481 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Kerwin, Gen. Michael, United States Pension Agent, New York City, residence,Broadway Central Hotel.

Kiernan, Patrick, 265 West Forty-third Street, New York City.

Kiggen, John A., 125 West Street, Hyde Park, Mass.

Kilkenny, Thomas F., 43 Sabin Street, Providence, R. I., manager of CapronCompany, manufacturing jewellers; residence, East Greenwich, R. I.

Kilroy, Philip, M. D., Springfield, Mass.

Kinsley, William Joseph, son of Thomas and Mary (Hughes) Kinsley; bornBlackstone, Worcester County, Mass., Aug. 27, 1865; educated in publicschools of Worcester County, Mass., and Woonsocket, R. I., and ProvidenceBryant & Stratton Business College, and the National College ofCommerce, Philadelphia. From 1885 to 1901 he taught penmanship, commercialbranches, correspondence, commercial law, etc., in Eastman College,Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and the Western Normal College, Shenandoah,Iowa. In 1891 was a partner in the shoe manufacturing business of H. J.Putnam & Company, Minneapolis, Minn.; 1892–4, Secretary and Treasurerof the Western Normal College, Lincoln, Neb.; 1894–1901, editorof Penman’s Art Journal, New York, and since 1894 expert in questioneddocuments—handwriting, typewriting, ink and paper. He has had 900cases in 27 states of the United States, and in Canada, among the morefamous being the Molineaux, Dr. Kennedy and Patrick murder cases inNew York, Tucker murder case in Cambridge, Mass., Hutchinson willcase in New Orleans, Davis will case in San Francisco. In 1895 Mr.Kinsley was President of the Western Penmen’s Association, a nationalorganization meeting that year in Chicago; 1897–9, he was President ofthe New York Commercial Teachers’ Association. He is a poultry andpigeon fancier and prominent exhibitor at the leading shows. He isVice-President of the International Carneau (Pigeon) Association, andSecretary-Treasurer of the American Pigmy Pouter (Pigeon) Association.With his wife (nee Elvira Gertrude Rose) and two children, he lives ina charming home in Nutley, N. J., a beautiful suburb of New York.

Kinsela, John F., 509 Gorham Street, Lowell, Mass.

Knights of St. Patrick, San Francisco, Cal. (Life membership.) Care ofJohn Mulhern, Twenty-fifth and Hampshire streets, San Francisco.

Lamson, Col. Daniel S., Weston, Mass.; Lieutenant-Colonel commandingSixteenth Regiment (Mass.), 1861; A. A. G., Norfolk, 1862; served onstaff of General Hooker; is a member of the Society of Colonial Wars,Sons of the American Revolution, and Military Order of the LoyalLegion; one of his ancestors landed at Ipswich, Mass., in 1632, and receiveda grant of 350 acres; another ancestor, Samuel, of Reading, Mass.,participated in King Philip’s War and had a son in the expedition of1711. Another member of the family, Samuel of Weston, commanded a284company at Concord, Mass., April 19, 1775, and was major and colonelof the Third Middlesex Regiment for many years, dying in 1795.

Lannon, Joseph F., of Jos. F. Lannon & Company, general merchandise, 68Main Street, Susquehanna, Pa.

Lavelle, John, Inquiry Division, Postoffice, 3148 West Forty-fourth Street,S. W., Cleveland, O. Vice-President of the Society for Ohio.

Lawler, James G., manager American Car & Foundry Company, St. Charles,Mo.

Lawler, John F., City Sergeant, Norfolk, Va.

Lawler, Joseph A., 308 West Fourteenth Street, New York City.

Lawler, Thomas B., 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City; of Ginn & Company,publishers; member of the American Oriental Society and of theArchæological Society of America; Librarian and Archivist of the Society.

Lawless, Hon. Joseph T., attorney at law, Norfolk, Va.; recently Secretaryof State, Virginia; now a colonel on the staff of the governor of Virginia.

Lawlor, Thomas F., attorney at law, 65 Bank Street, Waterbury, Conn.

Leahy, John S., attorney at law, 807 Carleton Building, St. Louis, Mo.

Leahy, Matthew W., 257 Franklin Street, New Haven, Conn.

Leary, Jeremiah D., 131 Clark Place, Elizabeth, N. J.

Lee, Hon. Lawrence P., was born in Dublin, Ireland, March 17, 1860; graduatedfrom St. Johns College, Fordham, N. Y., in 1886, with the degree ofBachelor of Arts. In 1892 the College of St. Francis Xavier, New YorkCity, conferred on him the degree of Master of Arts; Treasurer of theU. S. Immigration Service, Ellis Island, since 1895. Resides 348 WestTwentieth Street, New York City.

Lee, Hon. Thomas Z., of the law firm of Barney & Lee, Industrial TrustBuilding, Providence, R. I.; Secretary-General of the Society.

Lenehan, Rev. B. C., V. G., Fort Dodge, Iowa.

Lenehan, John J., of the law firm Lenehan & Dowley, 71 Nassau Street,New York City. (Life member of the Society.) Chairman Committeeon Membership and member of Executive Council.

Lenihan, Rt. Rev. M. C., Bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of GreatFalls, Mont. Vice-President of the Society for Montana.

Lennox, George W., manufacturer, Haverhill, Mass.

Leonard, Peter F., 343 Harvard Street, Cambridge, Mass.

Leslie, Charles J., attorney at law, 566 West One Hundred and Sixty-firstStreet, New York City.

Leslie, Warren, attorney at law, 165 Broadway, New York City.

Linehan, Rev. T. P., Biddeford, Me.

Lonergan, Thomas S., 408 East One Hundred and Forty-ninth Street, NewYork City, was born in Mitchelstown, Ireland, in the year 1864. He receivedhis early educational training from the Christian Brothers in hisnative town and at St. Colman’s College, Fermoy. From early boyhood heexhibited tokens of more than ordinary talents. He was fond of books, particularlythose on ancient and modern history, literature and biography. Heis today probably one of the best read men in Anglo-Irish literature andIrish history in America; but he is by no means less informed on the285history, literature and politics of his adopted country, for he is an Americanto the very backbone, and is proud of his citizenship. He came toAmerica in 1883, and lost no time in becoming a full-fledged Americancitizen, immediately after which he affiliated himself with the Democraticparty. He had only been a citizen two weeks when, during the presidentialcampaign of 1888, he was placed on the list of campaign speakers bythe Democratic State Committee of New York. In the early nineties, hewas an expert debater in the leading literary societies of New York. Previousto that, he was a member of the Young Men’s Congress of Boston.He is also a writer and lecturer of ability. His lectures on “ChristianEducation,” “The Golden Age of Ireland,” “Charles Carroll, of Carrollton,”“The American Stage,” “General Thomas Francis Meagher,” “Irishmenin the American Revolution,” “Jefferson and Lincoln,” “The CatholicChapter in American History,” “The Irish Renaissance,” “St. Brendan,America’s First Discoverer,” “Christian Democracy,” “Wendell Phillips,”“Socialism and Individualism” and “Newfoundland and Her People,”are masterpieces. His eulogy on Leo XIII is a classic. Mr. Lonerganhas been with the New York World for the past fifteen years, and is atpresent manager of the Bronx office. He possesses not only literary butexecutive abilities of a high order. During his residence in the Bronx hehas made hosts of friends and is well liked by all with whom he comes incontact.

Loughlin, Peter J., 150 Nassau Street, New York City.

Lovell, David B., M. D., 32 Pearl Street, Worcester, Mass.

Luddy, Timothy F., Waterbury, Conn.

Lynch, Eugene, 24 India Street, Boston, Mass.

Lynch, John E., school principal, Worcester, Mass.

Lynch, J. H., 812 Eighth Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Lynch, Thomas J., attorney at law, Augusta, Me.; was city clerk of Augusta,1884 and 1885; postmaster of Augusta from 1894 to 1898; and trustee ofthe Public Library; one of the water commissioners; a director of theGranite National Bank; trustee of the Kennebec Savings Bank; trustee ofthe Augusta Trust Company; President of the Augusta Loan & BuildingAssociation; director of the Augusta, Winthrop & Gardiner Railway;director of the Augusta Real Estate Association; and trustee of manyestates. Is a member of the Executive Council of the Society.

Lynn, John, 48 Bond Street, New York City.

Lynn, Hon. Wauhope, a justice of the Municipal Court of the city of NewYork, 257 Broadway, New York City.

Lyon, James B., President of the J. B. Lyon Company, printers, publishers,and book manufacturers, Albany, N. Y.

Lyons, Richard J., merchant, 39 Union Square West, New York City.

Lyons, William, merchant, 25 Hillside Street, Boston, Mass. (Life memberof the Society.)

MacDonnell, John T. F., paper manufacturer, Holyoke, Mass.

MacDwyer, Patrick S., attorney at law, 229 Broadway, New York City.

MacGuire, Constantine J., 120 East Sixtieth Street, New York City.

286Mack, James F., Attorney-at-Law, New York City.

Maclay, Edgar Stanton, author and editor, Standard Union, Brooklyn,N. Y.

McAdoo, Hon. William, 30 Broad Street, New York City, recently policecommissioner of the City of New York; ex-member of Congress; ex-assistantSecretary of the Navy. Is a member of the Executive Councilof the Society.

McAleenan, Arthur, 131 West Sixty-ninth Street, New York City.

McAleenan, Henry, broker, 1330 Broadway, New York City.

McAleer, George, M. D., Worcester, Mass.

McAlevy, John F., salesman, 26–50 North Main Street, Pawtucket, R. I.

McAlister, John, 165 Meeting Street, Charleston, S. C., proprietor of liverystable.

McBreen, Patrick Francis, printer, publisher; born in Ireland in 1843;son of Michael M. and Catherine E. (Conaty) McBreen; educated inprivate school; married in Brooklyn, 1870, to Elizabeth A. Wilker; children:Francis P., Raymond J., Katherine E., Elizabeth A.; commencedprinting business in New York City in 1872; established partnership ofP. F. McBreen & Sons in 1898, and incorporated same in 1900; since thenhas been President, also Secretary, of the Club Publishing Company; memberof General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen; also a member ofTraveling Club and New York Press; address, 404 Monroe Street, Brooklyn,N. Y.

McBride, D. H., 10 Barclay Street, New York City.

McCaffrey, Hugh, manufacturer and President of the McCaffrey File Company,Fifth and Berks streets, Philadelphia, Pa. (Life member of theSociety.) Vice-President of the Society for Pennsylvania and member ofmany Catholic organizations.

McCale, James, attorney at law, Bracewell Block, Dover, N. H.

McCall, Hon. Edward E., County Court House, Chambers Street, New YorkCity, is a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York. (Lifemember of the Society.)

McCanna, Francis I., attorney at law, member of the firm of Barney & Lee,Industrial Trust Building, Providence, R. I.

McCarrick, James W., general southern agent, Clyde Steamship Company,Norfolk, Va. Mr. McCarrick is a veteran of the Civil War. He was transferred,1861, from Twelfth Virginia Regiment to North Carolina gunboatWinslow, and appointed master’s mate. Transferred to Confederate navywith that steamer, and ordered to Confederate steamer Seabird, at Norfolknavy yard. Attached to Seabird until latter was sunk. Taken prisoner,Elizabeth City, N. C. Paroled February, 1862. Exchanged for officer ofsimilar rank captured from United States ship Congress. Promoted tomaster and ordered to navy yard, Selma, Ala. Served later on Confederatesteamships Tuscaloosa, Baltic and Tennessee at Mobile, and inMobile Bay, and on steamer Macon, at Savannah, and on Savannah River.Detailed to command water battery at Shell Bluff, below Augusta, aftersurrender of Savannah. Paroled from steamship Macon at Augusta, Ga.,287after Johnson’s surrender. Mr. McCarrick is President of the VirginiaState Board of Pilot Commissioners; President of the Board of Trade ofNorfolk, Va.; first Vice-President of the Virginia Navigation Company;commissioner representing the State of Virginia in the management of theJamestown Exposition; and was President of the Suburban & City Railwayand chairman of the executive committee of the Norfolk Street Railwayuntil these two properties were consolidated and sold to outside parties.Vice-President for Virginia.

McCarty, T. J., 20 George Street, Charleston, S. C.

McCarthy, Charles, Jr., Portland, Me.

McCarthy, George W., of Dennett & McCarthy, dry goods, Portsmouth,N. H.

McCarthy, James, Lawrence Telegram, Lawrence, Mass.

McCarthy, M. R. F., 82 Court Street, Binghamton, N. Y.; a commissionerof the department of Public Instruction.

McCarthy, Hon. Patrick Joseph, Mayor of the city of Providence, R. I.,1907 and 1908. Was born in County Sligo, Ireland, 1848, and was abouttwo years of age when his parents, Patrick and Alice (Cullen) McCarthy,crossed the ocean. But they were destined to never reach the mainlandof free America, for both father and mother died while waiting in quarantine,at Deer Island, Boston Harbor. Patrick J. was the youngest ofseven sons. He became the ward of a society connected with the CatholicCathedral in Boston, and remained with this society until he waseight years old. During this time he attended the public schools. Wintersof following years, until he was fourteen, he attended day school inSomerville, Mass., and night school at Cambridge. About this time ProfessorCharles Elliot Norton, and some of his college associates, one ofwhom was Charles William Eliot, ex-President of Harvard University,organized a night school in old Cambridge for working boys, and admittedboys residing in Somerville. Advantage of this opportunity wastaken and whenever speaking of this period of his life, Mayor McCarthyexpresses his admiration and gratitude for Professor Norton. It was thisassociation with true men that did more to mould his character and directhis mind and thoughts in the right direction than any other influence ofhis youth. In 1863 he removed to Providence, and while making his homewith his brother learned the trade of brass finisher. His ambition wasto become master of a business on his own account, and encouraged bya few successful ventures in real estate, determined to qualify himselffor business in a proper manner. Realizing that a knowledge of lawwould be of great advantage to him, he read and studied Blackstone’sand Kent’s Commentaries on Law and made up his mind to choose lawas a profession instead of engaging in business, and after suitable preparationentered the Law School of Harvard University. His accumulatedsavings supported him during the time of the course of study, and hegraduated with the degree of LL. B. in 1876. Returning to Providence,Mr. McCarthy was admitted to the Bar of Rhode Island. He was soon288possessed of a good clientage, and later was admitted to the Circuit Courtand Supreme Court of the United States. Being an ardent reader andendowed with histrionic ability, the stage appealed to him, and his eveningswere spent in the congenial society of those interested in amateurtheatricals, Shakespearian readings, etc., and notwithstanding his preferencefor serious characters, was frequently cast for the comedian’s part.In 1875 he married Miss Anne M. McGinney, of Providence, but thishappy union was of short duration, as she died in 1880, leaving one ofthree children, Mary Josephine, wife of William H. Bannon, of CentralFalls, R. I., surviving her. Although a Democrat, Mr. McCarthy hasalways been a firm believer in the principles of equitable protection, reciprocityand sound money. He was frequently urged to accept nominationfor various public offices, but persistently declined until the fall of 1889,when he was nominated on a fusion ticket and elected to the ProvidenceCity Council, where he served during the years 1890–1892 and 1894. In1891, 1892 and 1903 he was elected to the House of Representatives ofRhode Island, and made a good record in the Legislature. He wasopposed to granting special privileges to public service corporations withoutadequate compensation to the public for franchises in public highways.In November, 1906, he was elected Mayor of the city of Providence,and the best tribute to his first year’s record in that office isthat he was re-elected in 1907 by a greatly increased plurality. WhileMayor McCarthy is a firm believer in the principles of Democracy andappreciative of the honors the Democratic party has conferred on him,he has always felt it to be his first duty to observe the wishes ofthe people as a whole, rather than those of a party or faction. Hehas been fearless in his disregard of partisanship and has won therespect and admiration of all good citizens by his official acts as Mayor.Mr. McCarthy is a many-sided man. As an official he is conspicuouslysuccessful. He has always represented the whole people, and never attemptedto gain favor by the sacrifice of principle. He is a sound lawyer,enjoying the respect of the Court and the confidence of his clients. Betterthan that, he is a true friend, warm-hearted, clear-headed and helpful,and a loyal, patriotic American citizen. Address, 49 WestminsterStreet, Providence, R. I. Is Vice-President of the Society for RhodeIsland.

McCarthy, Rev. Thomas J., chancellor of the Diocese of Sioux City, 1011Douglas Street, Sioux City, Iowa.

McCaughan, Rev. John P., St. Paul’s Church, Warren, Mass.

McCaughey, Bernard, of Bernard McCaughey & Company, house furnishers,Pawtucket, R. I.

McClean, Rev. Peter H., Milford, Conn.

McCloud, William J., contractor, Jefferson Avenue, Elizabeth, N. J.

McClure, Hon. David, attorney at law, 22 William Street, New York City.Mr. McClure was admitted to the bar in December, 1869, in New YorkCity, where he has since resided. His practice has brought him very prominentlybefore the courts and public during the last thirty-six years as289counsel in cases which have attracted much attention. He has been counselin many contested will cases, including those of Merrill, SchuylerSkatts, Charles B. Beck and Mary Johnson. In the Livingston, De Meliand General Burnside litigation he was also prominent. He has been connectedwith many large corporation foreclosure suits, including those ofthe Denver Water Company, the New York & Northern Railroad Company,Omaha Water Company, the Toledo, Ann Arbor & Northern Michigan,the Northern Pacific, the New York, Lake Erie & Western, the OregonRailway & Navigation Company, the Oregon Improvement Company,the Chicago & Northern Pacific Company, the Bankers and Merchants’Telegraph Company, and the Memphis & Charleston Railroad Company.He is regarded as one of the most successful trial lawyers at the bar inNew York. Mr. McClure for more than a quarter of a century has beencounsel for the Farmers Loan & Trust Company, the oldest and largesttrust company in the United States, organized in 1821; and for many yearsof the Consolidated Gas Company, one of the largest public service corporationsin the country. He is also counsel for the West Side SavingsBank, several fire insurance companies and other banks. He was one ofthe counsel for the Mutual Life Insurance Company during the presidencyof F. S. Winston. For years he was a director in the Lawyers SuretyCompany, and he is on the board of the Title Insurance Company of NewYork. He was a prominent and active member of the State ConstitutionConvention of 1894, in which body he introduced and carried through theamendment providing for protection of the forests of New York. He yearsago declined elevation to the bench of the Court of Appeals, the highestcourt in the state of New York, and several times to other positions;also appointment to the offices of corporation counsel of the city of NewYork, and district attorney of the United States. Mr. McClure was appointed,in 1893, receiver of the National Bank of Deposit, in the city ofNew York, and in spite of the stringent financial condition which prevailedduring the summer of that year, dividends aggregating seventy-fiveper cent were paid within three months. The entire indebtedness, principaland interest, was paid and the receivership closed out within one year.In 1892 he was a delegate from the State of New York to the NationalDemocratic Convention which, at Chicago, nominated Grover Clevelandas candidate for the office of President of the United States, and duringthe campaign of that year he was much discussed by the press of NewYork as the probable nominee of his party for the office of Mayor of thecity. In that year he was designated by the General Term of the SupremeCourt, chairman of the first commission appointed to determinewhether a subway passing under Broadway and other streets through thecity should be constructed, his associates being Robert Maclay, Presidentof the Knickerbocker Trust Company, and Benjamin Perkins. Prior tothe adoption by the United States government of the Panama Canal project,and during the Presidency of Mr. McKinley, one of the largest, if notthe largest, syndicates of moneyed men ever gathered together obtained aconcession from the government of Nicaragua for the construction of a290canal known as the Nicaragua Canal. This syndicate, which proposed tobuild the canal without government aid, was composed of the Messrs.Vanderbilt, Astor, Rockefeller, Mills, Stillman, Grace, Crimmins, andothers of equal standing, and was represented before the committee ofCongress upon the question of recognition and protection, by Mr. McClureas its counsel, he having organized the corporation under which itwas proposed to operate. Mr. McClure is a member of the Manhattan,New York Athletic and other clubs, and the Bar Association, of whichhe has been a member of the judiciary and other committees. He hasalso been honored with the presidency of the Metropolitan SuretyCompany.

McConway, William, of the McConway & Torley Company, Pittsburg, Pa.(Life member of the Society.)

McCormick, Edward R., 15 West Thirty-eighth Street, New York City.

McCormick, James W., of the Judkins & McCormick Company, importers ofmillinery goods, 10–16 West Twentieth Street, New York City; residence,79 New England Avenue, Summit, N. J.

McCoy, Rev. John J., LL. D., rector, St. Ann’s Church, Worcester, Mass.Is a member of the Executive Council of the Society.

McCoy, William J., attorney and counsellor at law, 37 Virginia Avenue,Indianapolis, Ind.

McCready, Rt. Rev. Mgr. Charles, 329 West Forty-second Street, New YorkCity.

McCullough, John, 55 Maxfield Street, New Bedford, Mass.

McDonald, Capt. Mitchell C., a pay director in the navy; formerly stationedat the Naval Home in Philadelphia; Navy Department, Washington,D. C.

McDonnell, Robert E., attorney at law, 52 Broadway, New York City.

McDonough, Hon. John J., Fall River, Mass.; Justice of the Second DistrictCourt of Bristol County, Mass.

McFarland, Stephen, Secretary of the Central Cigar Manufacturing Company;residence, 44 Morton Street, New York City.

McGann, James A., 413 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa., was born August5th, 1855, in Roscrea, Tipperary County, Ireland, and arrived in Philadelphiawhen eight years of age. Is with Prevost & Herring in the insurancebusiness.

McGann, James E., real estate, 902 Chapel Street, New Haven, Conn.

McGann, Col. James H., 7 Kepler Street, Providence, R. I.

McGauran, Michael S., M. D., 258 Broadway, Lawrence, Mass.

McGillicuddy, Hon. D. J., of the law firm McGillicuddy & Morey, Lewiston,Me.; ex-Mayor of Lewiston.

McGinness, Brig.-Gen. John R., U. S. A., retired, Union Club, Cleveland,Ohio; born in Ireland; cadet at United States Military Academy, July 1,1859; first lieutenant of ordnance, June 11, 1863; captain, February 10,1869; major, June 1, 1881; lieutenant-colonel, July 7, 1898; colonel, June14, 1892; retired with the rank of brigadier-general, September 17, 1904.

McGinnis, D. J., Astor Place, New York City.

291McGolrick, Rev. E. J., 84 Herbert Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

McGolrick, Rt. Rev. James, D. D., bishop of the Roman Catholic dioceseof Duluth, Minn. (Life member of the Society.)

McGovern, James, 6 Wall Street, New York City; of Benedict, Drysdale &Company. (Life member of the Society.)

McGovern, Joseph P., Treasurer the Hatters’ Fair Exchange Incorporated,the American Hatters and Furriers’ Corporation and the Connecticut GlueCompany, Incorporated, 23–29 Washington Place, New York City.

McGowan, Rear Admiral John, U. S. N., retired, 1420 Sixteenth Street,N. W., Washington, D. C. (Life member of the Society.) He was bornat Port Penn, Del., August 4, 1843. He is the son of John and Catherine(Caldwell) McGowan. He was educated in the public schools of Philadelphia,Pa., 1848–’53, and in private schools in Elizabeth, N. J., 1854–’59.Entering the navy, he was appointed acting master’s mate, March 8,1862; was promoted to acting master May 8, 1862, and ordered to commandthe U. S. S. Wyandank in the Potomac flotilla. He served on thePotomac and Rappahannock rivers until February, 1863, when he was detachedfrom the Wyandank and ordered to the Florida as navigator. Heserved on the Florida in the blockage off Wilmington, N. C., until October,1864, when the ship went to New York for repairs. In November, of thesame year, he was detached from the Florida and ordered to the U. S. S.State of Georgia as navigator; arrived off Wilmington, N. C., the dayafter the capture of Fort Fisher, his ship being then ordered to reinforcethe fleet off Charleston, S. C. While there he took part in the Bulls BayExpedition, which was one of the causes of the evacuation of Charlestonby the Confederates. Soon after the evacuation, the State of Georgia wasordered to Aspinwall (Colon) to protect American interests on the Isthmusof Panama. Before sailing for Aspinwall, McGowan succeededLieutenant Manly as executive officer of the ship. In November, 1865, hewas ordered to the U. S. S. Monongahela as watch and division officer;served on the Monongahela in the West Indies until January, 1867, whenhe was detached and, a few days later, joined the U. S. S. Tacony, CommanderRoe, fitting out for duty in the Gulf Squadron. He was at VeraCruz nearly all the summer of 1867, which witnessed the fall of Maximilian’sempire. After the death of Maximilian, and the surrender of VeraCruz to the Liberals, the Tacony returned to Pensacola, Fla., but, yellowfever breaking out aboard, the ship went to Portsmouth, N. H., where,after undergoing quarantine, the officers were detached and ordered totheir homes the latter part of September, 1867. In October of the sameyear, McGowan was ordered to duty on board the receiving-ship at thePhiladelphia navy yard. He commanded the U. S. S. Constellation there,and was afterward executive officer of the frigate Potomac, also a receivingship, at Philadelphia. In March, 1868, while on the Potomac, hereceived a commission as master in the regular navy, and in October, 1868,was ordered to duty with the Asiatic fleet. On reporting to the admiral,he was ordered to duty as executive officer of the U. S. S. Unadilla; succeededto the command of the Unadilla in June, 1869, and in November292of that year was detached from the Unadilla and ordered to the U. S. S.Iroquois; returned in her to the United States, the ship going out of commissionin April, 1870. In April, 1870, he was promoted to be lieutenant-commanderand while in that grade served on the double-turreted monitorTerror, the Wachusetts, Juniata and Marion as executive officer, and atthe League Island, Philadelphia and Brooklyn navy yards. In January,1887, he was promoted to commander; commanded the Swatara, St.Mary’s, Portsmouth and Alliance, and was also commandant of the navaltraining station at Newport, R. I., from December, 1896, to July, 1899.He was promoted captain, February, 1899, and in August took commandof the U. S. S. Monadnock at Manila. In November, 1900, he was orderedto duty as commandant of the naval station at Key West, Fla. InApril, 1901, he was detached and ordered before the retiring-board. Hewas retired, with the rank of rear admiral, in April, 1901. In October,1871, he wedded Evelyn Manderson of Philadelphia. Admiral McGowanis a member of the military order of the Loyal Legion, of the Order ofForeign Wars, the Sons of the Revolution, and of the Society of MarineEngineers and Naval Architects. He is also a member of the followingclubs: Metropolitan and Chevy Chase of Washington, D. C.; Rittenhouseof Philadelphia, Union of New York, and New York Yacht Club.Admiral McGowan’s father, Capt. John McGowan, was appointed a lieutenantin the revenue cutter service by President Andrew Jackson. Hewas at Charleston, S. C., during the nullification period, served in theSeminole War, in the War with Mexico, and in the Civil War. He commandedthe steamer Star of the West in the attempt to reinforce FortSumter in 1861. He died January, 1891, aged 85 years. President-Generalof the Society for two terms.

McGowan, Patrick F., manufacturer, 224 East Twelfth Street, New YorkCity. (Life member of the Society.) President of the Board of Aldermen.Born in Lebanon, Conn., in 1852; went to New York City in 1877and subsequently engaged in the manufacturing business, in which he isstill interested. On January 1, 1900, was appointed by Mayor Van Wyckas a commissioner of education for a term of three years; appointed byMayor McClellan as a commissioner of education, July 12, 1904, to fillthe unexpired term of President H. A. Rogers, and while serving in thatcapacity was, in 1905, elected President of the Board of Aldermen for theterm expiring January 1, 1910. Mr. McGowan is active in a number ofbenevolent and fraternal societies. He was a supreme representative ofthe Royal Arcanum and supreme councilor of the Loyal Association. Heis a member of the Manhattan Club, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrickand of the Pensacola Club, of the Fourteenth Assembly District, where heresides. He is a trustee in St. Ann’s Roman Catholic Church, New YorkPolyclinic Hospital and the West Side Savings Bank.

McGuire, Hon. Edward J., attorney at law, 52 Wall Street, New York City.Member of the Executive Council of the Society.

McGuire, James K., 30 Church Street, New York City, with the BarberAsphalt Paving Company.

293McGuire, John C., attorney at law, Hotel St. George, Brooklyn, N. Y.

McGurrin, F. E., of F. E. McGurrin & Company, investment bankers. SecurityTrust Building, Salt Lake City, Utah; President of the Salt Lake Security& Trust Company.

McIsaac, Daniel V., 416 Old South Building, Boston, Mass.

McIntyre, Hon. John F., of the law firm of Cantor, Adams & McIntyre, 25Broad Street, New York City.

McKenna, James A., 125 West Seventieth Street, New York City.

McLaughlin, Henry V., M. D., 40 Kent Street, Brookline, Mass.

McLaughlin, John, builder, 346 East Eighty-first Street, New York City.

McLaughlin, Marcus J., 250 West Twenty-fifth Street, New York City.

McLaughlin, Thomas F., 19 East Eighty-seventh Street, New York City.

McLoughlin, Joseph F. (Life member of the Society.) 2 Rector Street,New York City.

McMahon, James, 51 Chambers Street, New York City.

McMahon, Rev. John W., D. D., rector of St. Mary’s Church, Charlestown,Mass.

McMann, Henry W., 104 John Street, New York City.

McManus, James H., 42 West Twenty-eighth Street, New York City.

McManus, Col. John, 87 Dorrance Street, Providence, R. I.; was appointedcolonel of the Rhode Island Guards Regiment by Governor Van Zandt,in 1887; was one of the commissioners to revise the militia laws of thestate; aide-de-camp, with the rank of colonel, on the staff of GovernorDavis of Rhode Island; has been prominently identified with all movementsfor the betterment of Ireland—his native land; is of the firm ofJohn McManus & Company, merchant tailors of Providence. Member ofthe Executive Council of the Society.

McManus, Michael, of McManus & Company, clothiers, Fall River, Mass.

McManus, Rev. Michael A., St. Aloysius Rectory, 66 Bowery Street, Newark,N. J. Father McManus was born in Paterson, N. J., September 29,1849; attended St. John’s Parish school, from whence he went to St.Charles College, Ellicott City, September, 1866. In 1868 began philosophicaland theological course at Seton Hall College, South Orange, N. J.,and was ordained a priest April 26, 1874. For the last 17 years he hasbeen in his present charge.

McManus, Rev. Michael T., rector of St. Mary’s Church of the Assumption,Brookline, Mass.

McMullen, John R., attorney at law, 120 West Fifty-ninth Street, New YorkCity.

McNamara, Thomas Charles, M. D., 613 Hudson Street, Hoboken, N. J.

McOwen, Anthony, 724 East Twenty-ninth Street, New York City.

McPartland, John E., 29 Park Street, New Haven, Conn.

McPartland, Stephen, 134 West Ninety-second Street, New York City. Merchant.

McPartland, Stephen J., 391 West End Avenue, New York City. Merchant.

McQuade, E. A., 75–77 Market Street, Lowell, Mass.

294McQuaid, Rev. William P., rector of St. James’ Church, Harrison Avenue,Boston, Mass.

McSweeney, Edward F., Evening Traveler, Summer Street, Boston, Mass.

McWalters, John P., 141 Broadway, New York City.

Magrane, P. B., dry goods merchant, Lynn, Mass.; President of the JamesA. Houston Company, Boston.

Magrath, Patrick F., 244 Front Street, Binghamton, N. Y. (Life memberof the Society and a member of its Executive Council.)

Maguire, P. J., 223 Third Avenue, New York City.

Maher, Stephen J., M. D., 212 Orange Street, New Haven, Conn.

Mahoney, Daniel S., 277 Broadway, New York City. Vice-President of theCatholic Times Publishing Company.

Mahoney, E. S., Portsmouth, Va., Director Bank of Portsmouth.

Mahony, William H., dry goods, 844 Eighth Avenue, New York City.(Life member of the Society.)

Malloy, Gen. A. G., San Marcos, San Diego County, California, formerly ofEl Paso, Texas, and Vice-President of the Society for that state; a veteranof the Mexican and Civil wars; during the latter conflict he was successivelymajor, colonel and brigadier-general; has been collector of the portof Galveston.

Maloney, Cornelius, publisher of the Daily Democrat, 71 Grand Street,Waterbury, Conn.

Maloney, John H., 1619 Greene Street, Harrisburg, Pa.; real estate andinsurance.

Maloney, Thomas E., M. D., North Main Street, Fall River, Mass.

Marshall, Rev. George F., rector of St. Paul’s Church, Milford, N. H.

Martin, Hon. James J., 132 West Forty-eighth Street, New York City; citychamberlain of New York City; formerly police commissioner; memberManhattan Club and other organizations.

Martin, Hon. John B., penal institutions commissioner, 762 Fourth Street,South Boston, Mass.

Martin, Patrick, 3396 East Street, San Diego, California. Merchant.

Maynes, Michael, Jefferson House, Boston, Mass.

Meade, Richard W., 216 East Seventy-second Street, New York City; sonof the first President-General of the Society.

Meagher, Frederick J., attorney at law, Binghamton, N. Y.

Moloney, Fred G., Ottawa, Ill.

Moloney, Hon. Maurice T., attorney at law, rooms 513–515 Moloney Building,Ottawa, Ill. He is a native of County Kerry, Ireland; came to theUnited States in 1867; graduated in law from the University of Virginia,class of 1871; admitted to the Virginia bar; removed to Illinois and wasadmitted to the bar of that State; served as city attorney of Ottawa, Ill.,in 1879–’80 and 1881; was elected State’s attorney in 1884 and served fouryears; was elected attorney-general of Illinois and while in this positionvigorously prosecuted illegal trusts and made a national reputationthrough his work; became mayor of Ottawa. Vice-President of the Societyfor Illinois.

295Molony, Frank T., 277 Broadway, New York City, lecturer and writer;residence, 70 Jane Street.

Molony, Henry A., of Molony & Carter, 16 New Street, Charleston, S. C.

Monaghan, James, 217 East Boone Avenue, Spokane, Wash., Director TradersNational Bank.

Monaghan, Hon. James Charles, formerly professor in the University ofNotre Dame, Indiana; recently of the United States Department of Commerceand Labor, Washington, D. C.; formerly United States consul atMannheim and at Chemnitz; recently professor of commerce, Universityof Wisconsin. Principal Stuyvesant Evening Trade School, New YorkCity.

Montgomery, Gen. Phelps, attorney at law, 48 Church Street, New Haven,Conn. Member of the Executive Council.

Mooney, Edmund L., attorney at law, 37 Wall Street, New York City. Memberlaw firm of Blandy, Mooney & Shipman.

Mooney, L. M., 8 West Eighty-seventh Street, New York City.

Moran, Col. James, 26 South Water Street, Providence, R. I.; a veteran of theCivil War. He was appointed second lieutenant in the Third Regiment,Rhode Island Volunteers, by Special Orders 53, A. G. O., R. I., August27, 1861; was commissioned second lieutenant, Fifth Rhode Island HeavyArtillery, November 5, 1861; mustered in December 16, 1861; in commandof Company A, from August 8, 1862, until September 20, 1862; assumedcommand of Company D, September 26, 1862; was commissioned captainand mustered in as such February 14, 1863; on general court martial, July,1863; in command of Fort Amory, at Newburne, N. C., from September 1,1863, until October 15, 1863; assumed command of post at Hatteras Inlet,N. C., April 21, 1864; in command of Forts Foster and Parks, at RoanokeIsland, from May 2, 1864, until January, 1865; mustered out January 17,1865. In May, 1873, he was commissioned colonel of the Rhode IslandGuards Regiment, and in June, 1887, became colonel of the Second Regiment,Brigade of Rhode Island Militia.

Moran, James T., director of Connecticut Savings Bank, 221 Sherman Avenue,New Haven, Conn.

Morgan, John, 343 West Thirty-ninth Street, New York City; manufacturerof Imperial Mineral Waters.

Moriarty, John, Broadway, Waterbury, Conn.

Morton, J. D., 41 Mercer Street, New York City.

Morrissey, Very Rev. Andrew, C. S. C., D. D., LL. D., University of NotreDame, Notre Dame, Ind. Vice-President of the Society for Indiana.

Morrissy, Thomas, merchant, 48 West Fourteenth Street, New York City.

Moseley, Hon. Edward A., Washington, D. C., President-General of theSociety in 1897 and 1898. He succeeded to the position, in the formeryear, on the death of Admiral Meade, who was the first President-Generalof the organization. Mr. Moseley is Secretary of the United States InterstateCommerce Commission. He is ninth in descent from Lieut. ThaddeusClark, who came from Ireland, and died in Portland, Me., May 16,1690. Clark was lieutenant of a company of men engaged in the defense296of Falmouth, now Portland, during the Indian War. He fell into ambuscadewith his company while making a reconnoitre, and was killed withtwelve of his men. Mr. Moseley is also a descendant of Deputy-GovernorCleeves (or Cleaves), a founder of Portland, formerly Falmouth, and issixth in descent from Lieut. John Brown of Belfast, Me., who came withhis father from Londonderry, Ireland, and was one of the settlers ofLondonderry, N. H.; Brown was chairman of the first board of selectmenof Belfast, Me., chosen November 11, 1773, ’74 and ’75; he removedfrom Londonderry, N. H. While residing there he had been a commissionedofficer in the Provincial Army, and had served in the French War.Mr. Moseley is also of patriotic Revolutionary stock, and is a member ofthe Cincinnati; Vice-President of the Society for Washington.

Moynahan, Bartholomew, attorney at law, 120 Broadway, New York City;official stenographer to the New York Supreme Court.

Mullen, James B., contractor, 431 Hammond Street, Bangor, Me.

Mullen, John F., 26 Trask Street, Providence, R. I.

Mulqueen, Michael J., 253 Broadway, New York City.

Mulry, Thomas N., President of Immigrants Savings Bank, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Murphy, D. P., Jr., 31 Barclay Street, New York City.

Murphy, Edward J., of the Edward J. Murphy Company, real estate brokers,Springfield, Mass.

Murphy, Ernest Van D., first lieutenant Twenty-seventh Infantry, U. S. A.,Fort Sheridan, Ill. (Life member of the Society.)

Murphy, Frank J., 119 Mason Street, Salem, Mass.

Murphy, Fred C., of the Edward J. Murphy Company, Springfield, Mass.

Murphy, George J. S., Secretary Fire Department, 1201 East Grand Street,Elisabeth, N. J.

Murphy, James, 42 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I.

Murphy, Rev. James J., Ph. D., 1011 Douglas Street, Sioux City, Iowa.

Murphy, James R., attorney at law, 27 School Street, Boston, Mass.

Murphy, John E., Bretton Hall Hotel, New York City.

Murphy, Thomas, Irvington-on-Hudson, N. Y.

Murray, John F., captain of police, Cambridge, Mass.; residence, 9 AvonStreet.

Murray, John L., 228 West Forty-second Street, New York City.

Murray, Joseph, 1245 Madison Avenue, New York City; assistant commissionerof immigration.

Murray, Hon. Lawrence O., LL. D., Washington, D. C., Comptroller of theCurrency of the United States, and former assistant Secretary, U. S. Departmentof Commerce and Labor; is a lawyer by profession. He firstwent to Washington as Secretary to William Edmund Curtis, assistantSecretary of the Treasury. Subsequently he held other positions in thetreasury, including that of chief of division, and, from September 1,1898, to June 27, 1899, that of deputy comptroller of the currency. Heleft the government employ to become the trust officer of the AmericanTrust Company, continuing in that place for three years. He then wentto Chicago as Secretary of the Central Trust Company of Illinois and297served there for two years before becoming assistant Secretary of Commerceand Labor.

Murray, Patrick, insurance, 318 West Fifty-second Street, New York City.

Nagle, John T., M. D., 163 West One Hundred Twenty-sixth Street, NewYork City.

Neagle, Rev. Richard, 2 Fellsway East, Malden, Mass.

Nee, P. J., 1341 Girard Street, Washington, D. C.

Nevins, Col. P. J., 109 Merrimac Street, Haverhill, Mass. General managerand assistant Treasurer of the Haverhill Gas Light Company.

Noonan, Daniel A., 725 Broadway, New York City.

Noonan, Thomas F., attorney at law, 252 West Twenty-fifth Street.

Noonan, William T., 155 Main Street, West, Rochester, N. Y. Life memberof Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.

Norton, Michael W., transportation business in New York and Providence;residence, 450 Friendship Street, Providence, R. I.

O’Brien, Hon. C. D., attorney at law, Globe Building, St. Paul, Minn.; prosecutingattorney of Ramsey County, Minn., from 1874–’78; assistant U. S.district attorney from 1870–’73; mayor of St. Paul from 1883–’85. Vice-Presidentof the Society for Minnesota.

O’Brien, Dennis F., attorney at law, 106 West Ninety-second Street, NewYork City.

O’Brien, James, attorney at law, Caledonia, Minn., was born in 1836, admittedto the Bar in 1872, and during his long and active practice has been engagedin some of the most extensive litigations in Minnesota.

O’Brien, Rev. James J., 179 Summer Street, Somerville, Mass.; a son ofthe late Mayor Hugh O’Brien of Boston, Mass.

O’Brien, John D., Bank of Minnesota Building, St. Paul, Minn.; of the lawfirm Stevens, O’Brien, Cole & Albrecht.

O’Brien, John E., was born in Rossie, St. Lawrence County, N. Y., February9th, 1875. His father, John W. O’Brien, a native of County Wexford,and his mother, Mary Waters O’Brien, a native of County Leitrim, Ireland,both came to this country in early life and settled on a farm in thetown of Rossie; was the sixth of a family of nine children, four boysand five girls. In 1895 he began study in the Potsdam State NormalSchool, and in 1898 was graduated from the four-year classical course.While in that institution he served as President of his class and of theDelphic Society. In 1898 Mr. O’Brien removed to New York, where hebegan a law clerkship. Two years later he entered the New York EveningLaw School, at the same time teaching during the day in one of thecity public schools. He served as President of his class in the law schooland was graduated in 1902, cum laude, standing second in a class of onehundred. After three months spent traveling in Europe, Mr. O’Briencommenced practice in the fall of 1902. He has been successful in hisprofession, and is now the senior member of a firm engaged in activepractice at 115 Broadway, New York City. He resides at the CatholicClub, 120 Central Park South, of which he is an active member; hasserved as President of the St. Lawrence County Society of New York,298and the Potsdam Alumni Association; is a member of the New YorkState Bar Association, the Lawyers’ Association of New York County,and of numerous clubs and fraternal, charitable and municipal improvementsocieties and organizations.

O’Brien, Hon. John F., President of the City National Bank of Plattsburg,N. Y., former Secretary of State of New York, and is a powerful factorin the Republican party of Northern New York.

O’Brien, Michael C., M. D., 161 West One Hundred Twenty-second Street,New York City.

O’Brien, Hon. Morgan J., LL. D., 729 Park Avenue, New York City; trusteeof the New York Public Library; former presiding justice of theappellate division of the New York Supreme Court, now senior memberof the law firm of O’Brien, Boardman, Platt & Holly, and associated withGrover Cleveland and George Westinghouse as a trustee of the Ryanstock in the Equitable Life Assurance Association. President-General ofthe Society two terms.

O’Brien, William C., 7 East Thirtieth Street, New York City.

O’Byrne, Michael Alphonsus, attorney-at-law, rooms 400 to 408 GermaniaBank Building, Savannah, Ga.; senior member of the widely and well-knownlaw firm of O’Byrne, Hartridge & Wright. Born in Savannah, graduatedfrom St. Vincent’s College, Pennsylvania, admitted to the GeorgiaBar in 1882; President of the Hibernia Bank of Savannah and of the JohnFlannery Company, one of the oldest and strongest cotton houses in theSouth; Commodore of the Savannah Yacht Club, and actively and prominentlyconnected with Savannah’s professional, business and social life.

O’Callaghan, Charles J., Law Reporter, Spuyten Durvil., N. Y.

O’Callaghan, Rt. Rev. Mgr. Denis, D. D., rector of St. Augustine’s Church,South Boston, Mass.

O’Connell, Rt. Rev. Mgr. Denis Joseph, S. T. D., rector of the CatholicUniversity, Washington, D. C.

O’Connell, John, 251 West One Hundredth Street, New York City.

O’Connell, John, 302 West End Avenue, New York City.

O’Connell, Hon. John F., 306 Broadway, Providence, R. I., member of theGeneral Assembly 1907 and 1908 and on Finance Committee, member ofthe Executive Council of the Society, author of State Free EmploymentBureau law.

O’Connell, John F., Norfolk, Va. Secretary and Treasurer Consumers’Brewing Company.

O’Connell, Hon. Joseph F., attorney at law, 53 State Street, Boston, Mass.;member of Congress from Massachusetts.

O’Connell, P. A., of F. E. Slattery Company, 154 Tremont Street, Boston,Mass.

O’Connor, Edward, 302 Broadway, New York City.

O’Connor, Hon. John J., 414–416 Carroll Street, Elmira, N. Y. (Life memberof the Society.)

O’Connor, J. L., Ogdensburg, N. Y.

299O’Connor, M. P., Binghamton, N. Y. (Life member of the Society.)

O’Connor, Rev. P. J., Treasurer of the St. Joseph Catholic Church of SiouxCity, Iowa.

O’Connor, Hon. W. A., district attorney of Santa Cruz County, Nogales, Ariz.

O’Doherty, Rev. James, Haverhill, Mass. (Life member of the Society.)

O’Doherty, Hon. Matthew, Louisville, Ky.; a judge of the Circuit Court.

O’Donovan, Jeremiah Rossa, Staten Island, N. Y. “O’Donovan Rossa.”

O’Donohue, Capt. Louis V., real estate, 25 West Forty-second Street. (Lifemember of the Society.) One of the organizers of Squadron A, a crackcavalry company of New York National Guard.

O’Driscoll, Daniel M., 22 Church Street, Charleston, S. C., principal of theBennett School.

O’Dwyer, Rev. Daniel H., rector St. John’s Church, Kingsbridge, N. Y.

O’Dwyer, Hon. Edward F., 37 West Sixty-seventh Street, New York City;chief justice of the City Court of New York.

O’Farrell, P. A., Waldorf-Astoria, New York City. (Life member of theSociety.)

O’Flaherty, James, advertising, 22 North William Street, New York City.

O’Gorman, Hon. James A., 318 West One Hundred Eighth Street, New YorkCity; justice of the Supreme Court of New York.

O’Gorman, Thomas A., 215 Doyle Avenue, Providence, R. I.

O’Hagan, W. J., of W. J. O’Hagan & Son, colonial antiques, Charleston, S. C.Vice-President of the Society for South Carolina.

O’Hearn, Daniel A., M. D., 649 Westford Street, Lowell, Mass.

O’Hearn, Patrick, Vice-President of Washington Savings Institution, 282Riverside Street, Lowell, Mass.

O’Herin, William, Parsons, Labette County, Kan.; superintendent of machineryand equipment, Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway. (Life memberof the Society.)

O’Keefe, Edmund, 174 Middle Street, New Bedford, Mass.

O’Keefe, John A., M. D., Broadway, Providence, R. I., lieutenant-colonel,Second Regiment, R. I. N. G.

O’Keefe, John A., 25 Exchange Street, Lynn, Mass.; a native of Rockport,Mass.; was graduated from Harvard College, class of 1880; member ofthe Phi Beta Kappa; taught school in Housatonic, Mass.; was elected submasterof the Lynn, Mass., High School in 1881 and headmaster of thesame in 1885; became a member of the teaching staff of the English HighSchool, Boston, Mass.; studied law; was admitted to the bar of EssexCounty, Mass., and has since practised law in Lynn. In 1897 he was theDemocratic candidate for attorney-general of Massachusetts. Member ofthe Lynn Board of Associated Charities, member of the New EnglandAssociation of Colleges and Preparatory Schools; of the Essex Institute,and of the executive board of the Civic League of Lynn. Among Mr.O’Keefe’s classmates at Harvard were: Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Presidentof the United States; Hon. William S. Andrews, justice of the NewYork Supreme Court; Robert Bacon, partner of J. P. Morgan; Harold N.300Fowler, professor of Latin; Hon. Josiah Quincy, mayor of Boston,Mass.; Albert Bushnell Hart, historian and professor, and many otherpeople of note.

O’Keefe, John G., of H. L. Horton & Company, 66 Broadway, New YorkCity.

O’Leary, Rev. Cornelius F., Wellston, Mo., was born in the parish of Lixnan,County Kerry, Ireland, on the 20th of July, 1850; is the son of CorneliusO’Leary and Jane Stack, being the seventh and last child of the family;has ever felt a pride in being descended from the O’Learys and McSheehyson the one side and Stacks and O’Connors on the other—names held inhonor and respect throughout the classic Kingdom of Ireland. Fromearly youth he attended the national schools of the parish, and later wasafforded the blessing and superior advantage of an education at thehands of the Christian Brothers of Tralee. At fifteen years of age hewas induced by his honorable cousin, Thomas R. Wilson, Attorney atKillarney, to enter his office and prepare for the study of law. He soongrew discontented with the tedious forms and complexities of the law, returnedto Tralee and entered the Classical School conducted by CharlesMcCarthy, a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin. At seventeen, it nextbecame his fortune to come to America and he settled in the West, “Wherethe mighty Missouri rolls down to the sea.” With true Irish courage heaccommodated himself to circ*mstances, looked neither to the right or tothe left until he reached the goal of his pious ambition, receiving HolyOrders at the hands of Archbishop Ryan, then of St. Louis, in May, 1873.Rector of Notre Dame Church, Wellston, Mo.

O’Leary, Jeremiah A., attorney at law, 38 Park Row, New York City.

O’Leary, Jeremiah, 275 Fifty-eighth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

O’Leary, Col. M. J., director Exchange Bank, 122 Bay Street, East, Savannah,Ga.

O’Leary, P. J., 161 West Thirteenth Street, New York City.

O’Loughlin, Patrick, attorney at law, 18 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass.

O’Meara, Maurice, President of the Maurice O’Meara Company, paper manufacturers,448 Pearl Street, New York City.

O’Neil, Frank S., attorney at law, O’Neil Building, Binghamton, N. Y.

O’Neil, Hon. George F., Binghamton, N. Y. (Life member of the Society.)Was born in Ireland, and came to America at a very early age with hisparents. After learning the machinery trade in Binghamton, he wentWest and engaged in mining in California. Retiring to Binghamton, hewent into the grocery business and real estate business and bought a controllinginterest in a Democratic paper, which naturally brought him intopolitics. Never having had any taste for public office, he was, however,named as a presidential elector in 1892 for Grover Cleveland. He wasappointed a member of the state committee, and served as a commissionerfor the World’s Fair at Chicago by appointment of Governor Flower ofNew York. Having confidence in the growth of Binghamton, he becameinterested in its progress and general development. He became a stockholder301in the electric light plant, a director in the First National Bank,and a trustee of the Susquehanna Valley Savings Bank. He is a prominentmember of the Chamber of Commerce and attends to his large realestate investments, being at the present time the largest tax-payer in thecity of Binghamton and county of Broome.

O’Neil, Hon. Joseph H., President of the Federal Trust Company, Boston,Mass.; formerly a member of Congress; was later U. S. Treasurer atBoston.

O’Neil, Joseph S., attorney at law, 38 Front Street, Binghamton, N. Y.

O’Neil, Rev. John P., Peterborough, N. H.

O’Neill, Rev. Daniel H., 935 Main Street, Worcester, Mass.

O’Neill, Rev. D. P., Westchester, N. Y.

O’Neill, Eugene M., Pittsburg, Pa. (Life member of the Society.)

O’Neill, James L., 220 Franklin Street, Elizabeth, N. J.; connected withthe Elizabeth postoffice for many years past; he has been President ofthe Young Men’s Father Matthew T. A. Society, and Treasurer of St.Patrick’s Alliance, Elizabeth. He was one of the prime movers in theprojection and completion of a monument to the late Mayor Mack ofElizabeth. Member of the Executive Council of the Society.

O’Rourke, Hon. Jeremiah, of J. O’Rourke & Sons, architects, 756 BroadStreet, Newark, N. J.; U. S. supervising architect under President Cleveland.(Life member of the Society.)

O’Shaughnessy, Major Edward J., 912 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York City.

O’Shea, D. G., Red Lodge, Montana, born near Bantry, Ireland, February 6,1862, of native parents. Attended the rudimentary schools of the localityuntil 13 years of age; then employed for six years in a small mercantileestablishment in the town of Bantry. Hon. T. M. Healy was at that timea clerk in this store, and one of Mr. O’Shea’s instructors at the Bantryschool was Hon. Timothy Harrington, later a prominent member of theIrish Parliamentary party, and also Lord Mayor of Dublin. Bantry beinga town where the revolutionary spirit was much in evidence, there was asecret society there of which Mr. O’Shea became a member while still aboy; he also participated actively in the doings of the Land League. Hecame to America in March, 1881, and after several months of searchingabout for a suitable opening, settled in Montana, where he has since resided.The state was then very sparsely settled, and there were no railroads.Mr. O’Shea spent some time in prospecting and working in mines,etc., and in 1887 went to Red Lodge with the pioneers of that locality.He entered the employ of the Rocky Fork Coal Company, remaining withthat concern for 15 years until it was absorbed by the Northern PacificRailway. He then engaged in banking and real estate, and has since beenconnected with affairs of that nature. He was married in 1901 to MissEleanor Cavenagh, a native of Dublin, and at that time living in Chicago.There are three children, two boys and a girl.

O’Shea, James, 31 West Eighty-eighth Street, New York City.

O’Sullivan, Humphrey, Treasurer of the O’Sullivan Rubber Company,Lowell, Mass.

302O’Sullivan, James, President of the O’Sullivan Rubber Company, Lowell,Mass.

O’Sullivan, John, with the H. B. Claflin Company, Church Street, New YorkCity.

O’Sullivan, Sylvester J., 66 Liberty Street, New York City, manager of theNew York office of the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company ofBaltimore, Md.

Olcott, Chauncey, actor, 1193 Broadway, New York City. (Life memberof the Society.)

Over, Spencer H., manager Narragansett Brewing Company, 18 MedwayStreet, Providence, R. I.

Patterson, Rev. George J., V. G., the Cathedral rectory, Boston, Mass.

Perry, Charles J., Perry’s Pharmacy, World Building, Park Row, New YorkCity.

Phelan, John J., attorney at law, 7 Wall Street, New York City; graduate ofManhattan College and of the Columbia Law School; member of theXavier Alumni Sodality, the N. Y. Catholic Club, and the ManhattanAlumni Society.

Phelan, Rev. J., Marcus, Ia.

Philbin, Hon. Eugene A., attorney at law, 52–54 William Street, New YorkCity; a regent of the University of the State of New York; ex-DistrictAttorney of New York.

Piggott, Michael, 1634 Vermont Street, Quincy, Ill.; a veteran of the CivilWar. He was made second lieutenant of Company F, Western Sharpshooters.,in 1861, while at Camp Benton, St. Louis, Mo.; was promotedfirst lieutenant, and while at Fort Donaldson, in the spring of 1862, wasmade captain; lost a leg at Resaca, Ga., in May, 1864; was subsequentlyconnected with the U. S. revenue service; messenger in the national Houseof Representatives, Washington, D. C.; was made postmaster of Quincy,Ill., during President Grant’s first term, and held the position for oversixteen years; was appointed special Indian agent by President Harrison,and in that, as in every position held, displayed eminent ability.

Pigott, William, iron and steel, Alaska Building, Seattle, Wash. (Lifemember of the Society.)

Plunkett, Thomas, 326 Sixth Street, East Liverpool, O.

Power, Rev. James W., 47 East One Hundred Twenty-ninth Street, New YorkCity.

Powers, John F., 518 Hudson Avenue, Weehawken, N. J.

Powers, Patrick H., President of the Emerson Piano Company, DanubeStreet, Roxbury, Mass.

Prendergast, William A., 20 Nassau Street, New York City, Register ofKings County.

Quin, R. A., M. D., President of the Home Savings Bank of Vicksburg,P. O. Box 234, Vicksburg, Miss. Is Vice-President of the Society forMississippi.

Quinlan, Francis J., A. M., M. D., LL. D., eighth President-General of theAmerican Irish Historical Society, was born in the City of New York,303December 24th, 1853. Both his parents were Irish born, coming to theseshores when the great exodus took place, about 1845. His early educationwas obtained at the Parochial School of St. Francis Xavier, underthe guidance of the Christian Brothers. Later he attended ManhattanAcademy, then at Thirty-second Street, and afterwards the College of St.Francis Xavier. While preparing for the study of medicine he taughtschool. In 1878 he was graduated from the College of Physicians andSurgeons, Columbia College, and soon after accepted an appointment atSt. Vincent’s Hospital, which he shortly resigned to enter the UnitedStates Indian Service, serving on the frontier four years. In 1883 DoctorQuinlan returned to New York and devoted himself especially todiseases of the ear, nose and throat. Such was the skill he displayed thatin a comparatively few years he was among the most prominent ofhis profession and today is a recognized authority in his specialty.Doctor Quinlan’s prominence in the medical field is attested by thenumber of important posts he holds. He is Professor of diseases of thenose and throat in the medical department of Fordham University andthe New York Polyclinic; attending Laryngologist and Otologist to theNew York City and the St. Vincent Hospitals; Consulting Throat andNose Surgeon of the New York Foundling Hospital, St. Joseph’s Hospital,Yonkers, and Jamaica Hospital, N. Y., and Consulting Ear, Throatand Nose Surgeon of St. Agnes Hospital, White Plains, N. Y. He isPresident of the New York Celtic Medical Society, Fellow of the NewYork Academy of Medicine, a member of the American Medical and theState Medical Associations, the New York Otological and the MedicoSurgical Societies, the Society of Medical Jurisprudence and a formerPresident of the New York County Medical Association. In addition tothese organizations of his profession, he is President of the Alumni Sodalityof the College of St. Francis Xavier; is a member of the societyof the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, the Catholic Club of New York, ofwhich he is a former President, the Manhattan, New York Athletic andLambs’ Clubs and is connected with various religious, racial and charitableorganizations of New York City. Doctor Quinlan is a liberal contributorto the periodicals of his department of medicine and has devised manyingenious surgical instruments. Since his election to the office of President-General,the American Irish Historical Society has steadily gainedfavor with our people, and it is safe to say that the increase of threehundred members since he has been at the head of the Society is due ina great measure to his untiring efforts and a genial disposition which earnsfor him wherever he goes a host of friends. As an orator Doctor Quinlanis above mediocrity. His delivery is enthusiastic and has the truering of sincerity, carrying along conviction. Especially was this noticeablein his addresses delivered at Washington and Providence. DoctorQuinlan is an ardent lover of the beautiful in nature, and is anart enthusiast, and although one of the busiest men in the great metropolis,he manages occasionally to find leisure to examine rare piecesof art that have found their way to the art collector’s, and to add to his304already large collection of statuary and paintings. So judicious is thetaste he displays that he is regarded as a connoisseur, and his artistic opinionhas, on various occasions, been solicited. In 1906 Doctor Quinlanwas the recipient of the Lætare Medal.

Quinn, John, attorney at law, 31 Nassau Street, New York City.

Ramsey, Clarence J., 132 West Twelfth Street, New York City; public appraiser;ex-President Catholic Club of New York.

Reardon, Edmund, manufacturer, Cambridge, Mass.

Reardon, Timothy, 726 Dayton Avenue, St. Paul, Minn.

Regan, John H., attorney at law, 261 Broadway, Manhattan, New York City.

Regan, W. P., architect, 296 Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

Reilly, F. James, electrician, 122–130 Centre Street, New York City.

Reilly, John P., M. D., President of Board of Education and Trustee ofPublic Library, 215 Elizabeth Avenue, Elizabeth, N. J.

Richardson, Stephen J., 1785 Madison Avenue, New York City.

Roddy, John T., 254 Meeting Street, Charleston, S. C., Secretary of Molony& Carter Company.

Rogan, John H., attorney at law, 145 Nassau Street, New York City.

Rohan, John D., manager of N. H. Halsey & Company, 49 Wall Street, NewYork City.

Rooney, John Jerome, of Rooney & Spence, customs and insurance brokers,forwarding agents, 66, 68 and 70 Beaver Street, New York City.

Rorke, James, 40 Barclay Street, New York City.

Rowan, Joseph, attorney at law, 32 Liberty Street, New York City.

Ryan, Charles V., Springfield, Mass.

Ryan, Christopher S., Lexington, Mass.

Ryan, Daniel C., Adjuster, 461 Fargo Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.

Ryan, James T., Phenix Insurance Company, P. O. Box 1010, New York City.

Ryan, John J., 280 Broadway, Room 207, New York City.

Ryan, Joseph E. G., Chicago Inter Ocean, Chicago, Ill.

Ryan, Joseph T., attorney at law, 149 Broadway, New York City.

Ryan, Gen. Michael, Cincinnati Abattoir Company, Spring Grove Avenue,Cincinnati, O.

Ryan, Michael J., Waterbury, Conn.

Ryan, Michael P., 377 Broadway, New York City.

Ryan, Hon. Morgan M. L., attorney at law; Justice of Court of Special Sessions,Brooklyn, N. Y.; born Batavia, New York, July 10, 1867, sonof Michael and Catharine (O’Brien) Ryan; graduated from BataviaUnion School 1889, Cornell University 1896 (won post-graduate scholarship1896); selected as a prize debater of senior class, Cornell LawSchool 1896; unmarried; visited principal countries in Europe in 1902and 1905; counsel for Richmond Light and Railroad Company, S. I.Midland Railroad Company, Southfield Beach Railroad Company (director),New York & Richmond Gas Company, New Jersey & StatenIsland Ferry Company, Staten Island Transit Railroad Company, andother corporations; member firm of Ryan & Innes; director and counsel of305New Brighton Co-operative Savings and Loan Association; directorRichmond County Power Company; Roman Catholic; member Delta Chifraternity. Address, 30 Westervelt Avenue, New Brighton, RichmondCounty, N. Y.

Ryan, Nicholas W., 1444 Boston Road, borough of the Bronx, New YorkCity.

Ryan, Hon. Patrick J., mayor of Elizabeth, N. J.; is of the firm P. J. &W. H. Ryan, real estate and fire insurance, 205 Broad Street, Elizabeth.

Ryan, Most Rev. Patrick J., D. D., archbishop of Philadelphia, Pa.; theCathedral, Philadelphia.

Ryan, Patrick J., clerk, 172 East Ninety-fourth Street, New York City.

Ryan, Thomas F., 60 Fifth Avenue, New York City. (Life member of theSociety.) Eminent financier and capitalist and Vice-President of the MortonTrust Company; is largely interested in public service corporationsand large industrial enterprises.

Ryan, Timothy M., M. D., Torrington, Conn.

Ryan, Hon. William, of Wm. Ryan & Company, grocers, 375 Irving Avenue,Port Chester, N. Y.

Sasseen, Robert A., 50 Pine Street, New York City; insurance investments.(Life member of the Society.)

Scott, Cornelius J., manufacturer of awnings, decorations, etc., 439 WestFifty-seventh Street, New York City.

Scott, Joseph, attorney at law, 706 Equitable Savings Bank Building, Los Angeles,Cal.

Scully, Hon. P. Joseph, city clerk of New York City; residence, 4 ColumbiaStreet.

Shahan, Very Rev. Thomas J., S. T. D., J. U. L., professor of church history,Catholic University, Washington, D. C.; S. T. D., Propaganda,Rome, 1882; J. U. L., Roman Seminary, 1889.

Shanahan, Very Rev. Edmund T., Ph. D., S. T. D., J. C. L., professor ofdogmatic theology, Catholic University, Washington, D. C.; A. B., BostonCollege, 1888; S. T. D., Propaganda, Rome, 1893; J. C. L., RomanSeminary, Rome, 1895; Ph. D., Roman Academy, 1895. Instructor inphilosophy and dogmatic theology, American College, Rome, 1894–’95;lecturer in philosophy, University of Pennsylvania, 1898–’99; associateprofessor of philosophy, the Catholic University of America, 1895–1901.

Shanley, John F., 17 Washington Street, Newark, N. J.

Shanley, Thomas J., 344 West Eighty-seventh Street, New York City.

Shea, Daniel W., Ph. D., professor of physics, Catholic University, Washington,D. C.; A. B., Harvard University, 1886; A. M., Harvard University,1888; Ph. D., Berlin, 1892. Assistant in physics, Harvard University,1889 and 1892; assistant professor of physics in the University ofIllinois, 1892–’93; professor of physics in the University of Illinois,1893–’95.

Sheedy, Bryan DeF., M. D., 162 West Seventy-third Street, New York City.

Sheehan, George H., managing editor The Hibernian; national organizer ofAncient Order of Hibernians, 7 Water Street, Boston, Mass.

306Sheehan, John Louis, LL. D., Barristers’ Hall, Boston, Mass., educated atHarvard University and at Boston University; member of the SuffolkCounty Bar, Bar of the Circuit Court of the United States, and Bar ofthe Supreme Court of the United States. Is a member of the Faculty ofthe Boston University School of Law.

Sheehy, M. J., merchant, foot of Thirty-ninth Street, New York City.

Sheehan, Hon. William Francis, 16 East Fifty-sixth Street, New York City,was born in the City of Buffalo, N. Y., of Irish parents, on November6, 1859. His father, William Sheehan, and his mother, Honora Crowley,were born in Cork, Ireland. At an early age both came to this country.He was educated in the public schools and graduated from St. Joseph’sCollege, Buffalo. He was admitted to the Bar in 1881, and practised lawin Buffalo for thirteen years. At the same time he was active in politics,and became the leader of the Democratic party in Erie County, and in thewestern part of the State. He was elected a member of the New York Assemblyfrom Erie County in the year 1884 and was successively elected ineach of the six ensuing years, thus having had seven years of service inthe Assembly, during six years of which he was Democratic leader. In1891 he was the Speaker of the Assembly. In the fall of 1891 he waselected Lieutenant-Governor on the Democratic State ticket, with RoswellP. Flower as Governor, and was therefore presiding officer of the Senatefor the years 1892, 1893 and 1894. He was the New York representativeon the Democratic National Committee from 1891 to 1896. At the end ofhis term as Lieutenant-Governor, Mr. Sheehan removed to New York Cityand there engaged in the practice of his profession as senior member ofthe firm of Sheehan & Collin. In the fall of 1905 the firm of Sheehan &Collin was dissolved and Mr. Sheehan joined with former Judge Alton B.Parker, former Judge Edward W. Hatch and with Charles H. Werner,Esquire, in organizing the law firm of Parker, Hatch & Sheehan. Mr.Sheehan is a member of the following clubs: Metropolitan, Manhattan,Downtown, City, Midday, Railroad and Automobile Club of America. Hewas married on November 27, 1889, to Miss Blanche Nellany of Buffalo,N. Y.

Sheppard, Rev. J. Havergal, D. D., pastor of the First Baptist Church,Schenectady, N. Y.

Sheran, Hugh F., 46 Woodbine Street, Roxbury, Mass.

Sherman, P. Tec*mseh, of the law firm of Taft & Sherman, 15 WilliamStreet, New York City; member of the Union League Club and of theMilitary Order of the Loyal Legion; son of the late Gen. William T.Sherman.

Shipman, Andrew J., attorney at law, 37 Wall Street, New York City.

Shuman, A., merchant, 440 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

Silo, James P., 128 West Seventy-third Street, New York City.

Simons, Thomas A., 241 Marshall Street, Elizabeth, N. J., chief clerk of theElizabethport Banking Company.

Slattery, John J., President Todd-Donigan Iron Company, Louisville, Ky.Vice-President of the Society for Kentucky.

307Sloane, Charles W., attorney at law, 54 William Street, New York City.

Smith, Hon. Andrew C., M. D., Medical Building, Portland, Oregon; Presidentof the State Board of Health; President of the Hibernia SavingsBank; member of the State Senate from 1900 to 1904; has served on thestaff of St. Vincent’s hospital for many years; has been President ofthe State and City Medical societies; represented Oregon for two years inthe House of Delegates of the American Medical Association.

Smith, James, 26 Broadway, New York City.

Smith, Rev. James J., 88 Central Street, Norwich, Conn.

Smith, Joseph, Boston Traveler, Boston, Mass.

Smith, Thomas F., clerk of the city court, 32 Chambers Street, New YorkCity.

Smyth, Samuel, 41 Liberty Street, New York City; is a contractor andbuilder. Many large structures in that city have been erected by him,and he is one of the foremost in the New York building circle.

Smyth, Rev. Thomas, Springfield, Mass.

Smyth, Rev. Thomas M., East Liverpool, O.

Somers, P. E., manufacturer of tacks and nails, 17 Hermon Street, Worcester,Mass. (Life member of the Society.)

Spellacy, Thomas J., attorney at law, 756 Main Street, Hartford, Conn.

Spellissy, Dennis A., attorney at law, 302 Broadway, New York City. Memberof Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.

Spillane, J. B., managing editor Music Trade Review, Metropolitan LifeBuilding, 1 Madison Avenue, New York City.

Storen, William J., 232 Calhoun Street, Charleston, S. C.

Sullivan, James E., M. D., 254 Wayland Avenue, Providence, R. I.; wasgraduated from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, 1879; alsostudied medicine in Dublin, London and Paris; was city physician of FallRiver, Mass., for seven years; married, in 1885, Alice, daughter of thelate Joseph Banigan of Providence; retired from practice in 1891; memberof the Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Providence Medical societies;Vice-President of the University Club, Providence; a director of theRhode Island Hospital Trust Company; President and Treasurer of theSullivan Investment Company, Providence.

Sullivan, James J., attorney at law, Ernest & Cranmer Building, Denver, Col.,was born in Auniscaule, County Kerry, Ireland, March 1, 1875, is the sonof John Sullivan and Mary Lynch, and a descendant of the ancient O’Sullivanclan of the “Kingdom of Kerry.” His father died in Ireland in1883, and the following spring his mother brought seven of her orphanedchildren to America, settling in Holyoke, Mass., which is still regarded asthe family home. At the age of fourteen, Mr. Sullivan was compelled toleave school to become a breadwinner on his own account. Three yearslater he was enabled to return to school, and entered the Holyoke HighSchool in 1892, and at the same time began the study of law in the officeof Hon. Christopher T. Callahan of Holyoke. For the next four yearshe pursued both his high school and law courses, graduating from theHigh school in June, 1896, and was admitted to the Massachusetts Bar in308October of the same year. So far as now known, this is the first time inthe history of Massachusetts high schools when one of the students wasadmitted to the practice of any of the learned professions the same yearof graduation. He immediately formed a partnership with Mr. Callahan,which continued until January, 1900. A few months prior to this time,Mr. Sullivan had occasion to visit the Far West, as a result of which hedetermined to dissolve his Eastern partnership and move permanently toColorado with its vast wealth of undeveloped resources. With no assetsexcept a willingness to work, he took up the practice of his profession inDenver in the spring of 1900. He has succeeded in building up an extensivepractice, principally in matters relating to irrigation. Mr. Sullivanis one of the few young men raised in America who speaks the Irish tonguefluently. He is a member of several clubs, an enthusiastic horseman andall-around sportsman; is passionately loyal to his friends and possesses to avery large degree “that characteristic Irish pertinacity that never saw nighttoo dark, hour too late or road too rough to interfere with rendering afavor to a friend—or a blow to an enemy.”

Sullivan, John J., attorney at law, 203 Broadway, New York City.

Sullivan, Hon. M. B., M. D., Dover, N. H., formerly state senator.

Sullivan, Hon. Michael F., M. D., Oak Street, Lawrence, Mass.; PresidentLawrence Board of Trade.

Sullivan, Michael H., attorney at law, 34 School Street, Boston, Mass.

Sullivan, Michael W., attorney at law, Century Building, Washington, D. C.

Sullivan, Michael X., Ph. D., Bureau of Soil, Washington, D. C.

Sullivan, Roger G., cigar manufacturer, 803 Elm Street, Manchester, N. H.

Sullivan, T. P., M. D., 318 South Main Street, Fall River, Mass.

Sullivan, Timothy P., Concord, N. H.; furnished granite from his NewHampshire quarries for the new national Library Building, Washington,D. C.

Sullivan, William B., attorney at law, Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.

Supple, Rev. James N., rector of St. Francis de Sales Church, Charlestown,Mass.

Sweeney, John F., the Sweeney Company, 256 Main Street, Buffalo, N. Y.(Life member of the Society.)

Sweeney, Rev. Timothy P., Fall River, Mass.

Sweeny, William Montgomery, 120 Franklin Street, Astoria, L. I., N. Y.

Swords, Joseph F., Sulphur, Oklahoma. He is a descendant of CornetGeorge Swords, one of the A. D. 1649 officers in the service of kingsCharles I and Charles II in Ireland. Joseph F. Swords is a member ofthe Sons of the American Revolution. He is of the fourth Americangeneration from Francis Dawson Swords, graduate of Trinity College,Dublin, 1750, who was exiled from Ireland, 1760, and who served in thePatriot Army throughout the War of the Revolution. Vice-President ofthe Society for Oklahoma.

Synnott, Martin J., M. D., 30 Tulleston Avenue, Montclair, N. J.

Tack, Theodore E., 52 Broadway, New York City.

309Taggart, Hon. Thomas, Indianapolis, Ind.; proprietor of the Grand Hotel;was elected auditor of Marion County, 1886; re-elected, 1890; has beenmayor of Indianapolis; chairman of the Democratic state committee, 1892and 1894; district chairman of the seventh Congressional District; memberfrom Indiana of the Democratic national committee. Is a native ofIreland.

Talley, Alfred G., 27 William Street, New York City.

Teeling, Rt. Rev. Arthur J., D. D., rector of St Mary’s Church, Lynn,Mass.

Thompson, Frank, 126 Liberty Street, New York City.

Thompson, James, of James Thompson & Bro., 127 West Main Street, Louisville,Ky.

Tierney, Dennis H., real estate and insurance, Tierney’s Block, 167 BankStreet, Waterbury, Conn. Vice-President for Connecticut.

Tierney, Edward M., Hotel Marlborough, Broadway, New York City.

Tierney, Henry S., 59 Prescott Street, Torrington, Conn.

Tierney, Myles, 317 Riverside Drive, New York City. President HudsonTrust Company, Hoboken, N. J. (Life member of the Society.)

Tingent, Edward, 68 Broad Street, Elizabeth, N. J.

Toale, Patrick P., Toale P. O., Aiken County, S. C.

Tooley, Frank L., D. D. S., 157 East Seventy-ninth Street, New York City.

Towle, Felix S., of F. S. Towle Company, Incorporated, 332 Broadway, NewYork City.

Travers, Vincent P., of the Travers Brothers Company, 41 Worth Street, NewYork City.

Tully, Hon. William J., attorney at law, Corning, N. Y.; state senator.

Vredenburgh, Watson, Jr., civil engineer, 135 Broadway, New York City.

Waldron, E. M., of E. M. Waldron & Company, building contractors, 84South Sixth Street, Newark, N. J.

Waller, Hon. Thomas M., New London, Conn.; attorney at law; member ofthe Connecticut Legislature 1867, 1868, 1872, 1876 (speaker, 1876); Secretaryof State of Connecticut, 1870; mayor of New London, 1873; State’sattorney, 1876–’83; governor of Connecticut, 1882–’84; United States consul-generalto London, England, 1885–89; commissioner to World’sColumbian Exposition.

Walsh, David I., attorney at law, Fitchburg, Mass.

Walsh, Frank, Secretary and credit manager, Wilkinson, Gaddis & Company,wholesale grocers, 866–868 Broad Street, Newark, N. J.

Walsh, P. J., 503 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Walsh, Philip C., 260 Washington Street, Newark, N. J.; of Walsh’s Sons& Company, dealers in irons and metals.

Walsh, Philip C., Jr., 260 Washington Street, Newark, N. J.

Walsh, William P., 247 Water Street, Augusta, Me.

Ward, Edward, of Ward Bros., contractors, Kennebunk, Me.

Ward, John T., contractor, Kennebunk, Me.

Ward, Michael J., 17 Shailer Street, Brookline, Mass.

310Whalen, Hon. John S., Secretary of State of New York, Albany, N. Y.

White, John B., Cashier of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 121 East Eighty-sixthStreet, New York City. Member Catholic Club of New York.

Woods, John, 297 Broadway, South Boston, Mass. Coal.

Wright, Henry, enameled wall tile, vitrified and glazed ceramics, asepticfloors, encaustic and embossed tiles, 248 East One Hundred Forty-sixthStreet, New York City.

Wynne, E. W., 78 Market Street, Charleston, S. C., of C. Bart & Company.

Zabriskie, George A., 123 Produce Exchange, New York City.

• “Advantages of Historical Research to Irish Americans,” by Hon. Robert J. Gamble, 152
• American Irish Historical Society, Members of, 252
• Ames, Gen. Williams, Address by, 32
• Annual Meeting, Next, 157
• Banquet, Eleventh Annual, 105
• “Capital Welcome,” by Hon. Thomas H. Carter, 148
• Carter Day Nursery, Dedication of, 165
• Carter, Hon. Thomas H., Address by, 148
• “Civic Value of Memorials,” by Miss Mary A. Greene, 163
• Constitution and By-Laws of the Society, 5
• Crane, Major John, Memorial of, 87
• Dedication of Carter Day Nursery, 165
• Dinner Committee at Washington, 157
• Dowling, Hon. Victor J., Address by, 117
• “Early Marine ‘Wireless,’” by Edgar Stanton Maclay, Esq., 195
• Egan, Karl, “The Irish in the Revolutionary War,”, 218
• Egan, Chief Patrick, War Record of, 177
• Eleventh Annual Meeting, Proceedings of, 62
• Executive Council of 1908, 19
• Executive Council of 1909, 69
• “First Census of the United States,” etc., by Michael J. O’Brien, Esq., 209
• Gamble, Hon. Robert J., Address by, 152
• Gargan, Hon. Thomas J., Memorial of, 76
• General Historical Items, 238
• 313General Information About the Society, 13
• Greene, Miss Mary A., Essay by, 163
• Guests at Sullivan Memorial Dedication, 56
• Healy, David, Esq., Address by, 23
• Higgins, Gov. James H., Address by, 30
• Historical Items, 238
• Introduction, 3
• “Irish Pioneers in New York,” by Hon. Victor J. Dowling, 117
• “Irish Pioneers of the West and Their Descendants,” by Hon. Maurice T. Moloney, 139
• “Irish in the Revolutionary War,” by Karl Egan, 218
• Kelly, Hon. Hugh, Memorial of, 91
• Lee, Thomas Zanslaur, Address by, 27
• Lenehan, John J., Esq., Essay by, 183
• Lippitt, Ex-Gov. Charles Warren, Address by, 49
• Maclay, Edgar Stanton, Esq., Essay by, 195
• McCarthy, Mayor Patrick J., Address by, 32
• McTighe, Patrick J., Memorial of, 248
• Members Elected at Eleventh Annual Meeting, 96
• Membership Roll of 1909, 252
• “Memorial to Jersey Prison Ship Heroes”, 217
• Moloney, Hon. Maurice T., Address by, 139
• Murray, Thomas Hamilton, Esq., Memorial of, 80
• Next Annual Meeting, 157
• O’Brien, Michael J., “First Census of the United States,” etc., 209
• O’Connor, Joseph, Memorial of, 171
• Officers of the Society for 1908, 19
• Officers of the Society for 1909, 68
• O’Neill, James L., Esq., Essays by, 202
• Organizations Represented at Sullivan Memorial Dedication, 56
• Papers Read Before Society, 14
• 314Phelan, Hon. James J., Memorial of, 78
• President-Generals of the Society, 16
• Quinlan, Francis J., M. D., LL. D., Address by, 52, 107
• Quinlan, Francis J., M. D., LL. D., Sketch by, 169
• Quinlan, Col. James, War Record of, 169
• Reception Committee at Washington, 157
• Recommendations from Secretary-General’s Office, 239
• “Reilly of F,” by John Jerome Rooney, Esq., 243
• Report of Treasurer, 100
• Review of Some Historical Works, 231
• Robinson, Col. David C., Address by, 36
• Roche, Hon. James Jeffrey, LL. D., Memorial of, 93
• Roll of Members for 1909, 252
• Rooney, John Jerome, Esq., Poem by, 243
• Sanders, Col. Christopher C., Memorial of, 245
• Secretary-General’s Recommendations, 239
• “Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City of New York,” by John J. Lenehan, Esq., 183
• State Vice-Presidents for 1908, 20
• State Vice-Presidents for 1909, 70
• Sullivan Memorial at Rhode Island, 26
• Tenth Annual Meeting, Proceedings of, 17
• Thayer, Hon. Eli, An Early Member of the Society, 223
• Treasurer’s Report for 1908–’09, 100
• Twelfth Annual Meeting, Place Selected for Holding, 157
• Van Hoose, A. W., Esq., Tribute to Col. Christopher C. Sanders, 245
• Vice-Presidents for 1908, 20
• Vice-Presidents for 1909, 70
• Washington Meeting, 62
• White, Hon. Edward D., Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Address by, 113